CN106830573B - Low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation - Google Patents

Low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation Download PDF

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CN106830573B
CN106830573B CN201710225058.XA CN201710225058A CN106830573B CN 106830573 B CN106830573 B CN 106830573B CN 201710225058 A CN201710225058 A CN 201710225058A CN 106830573 B CN106830573 B CN 106830573B
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马斌
彭永臻
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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The raw water tank is a closed tank body and is provided with an overflow pipe and an emptying pipe; the biological stabilization reactor and the biological adsorption reactor are respectively in high DO and low DO environments, and carbon capture of urban sewage is enhanced by improving the organic matter adsorption capacity of microorganisms; the biological denitrification reactor is sequentially divided into a low DO aerobic zone, an anoxic zone, an aerobic zone and a precipitation zone, and firstly, a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is carried out in the low DO aerobic zone to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen and partial nitrate nitrogen; then, taking organic matters in part of raw water as a carbon source, and realizing deep denitrification through a short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction; in order to avoid ammonia nitrogen in effluent, an aerobic zone is added at the rear end of the anoxic zone to ensure that residual ammonia nitrogen in sewage is oxidized into nitrate; and finally, discharging the sewage after passing through a settling zone. By the method, the urban sewage energy recovery efficiency can be improved, and deep denitrification can be realized.

Description

Low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification device and method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and belongs to the technical field of sewage biological treatment.
Background
With the continuous development of industrial enterprises and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in main pollutant species in urban sewage are increased day by day except organic matters, which aggravates the process of water eutrophication, causes water source pollution, black and odorous riverways and fish and shrimp death, not only destroys landscapes, but also brings threat to human health. In recent years, in order to control water eutrophication, a large number of sewage treatment plants are continuously built, and meanwhile, the existing sewage treatment plants are continuously upgraded and modified, and nitrogen-containing pollutants in municipal sewage are removed through efficient biological denitrification. However, the current sewage treatment plant belongs to a large energy consumption household, and the high energy consumption aggravates the cost burden of an operation unit. Therefore, under the background of increasingly serious energy crisis, the method can not only achieve efficient biological denitrification of the sewage treatment plant, but also reduce energy consumption, and further weaken the operation cost of the sewage treatment plant, and is very important.
The existing biological sewage denitrification process needs aerobic nitrification and anoxic denitrification to remove organic matters and nitrogen in sewage. However, the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate requires a large amount of electric energy input, and organic matters in the wastewater need to provide organic matters for anoxic denitrification as electron donors so as to realize total nitrogen removal. Therefore, the process not only has large aeration energy consumption, but also greatly reduces the possibility of energy recovery of organic matters in the sewage. The invention provides a shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, which can realize the purposes of reducing the treatment energy consumption of a sewage plant and improving the energy recovery rate of the sewage plant by means of biosorption and shortcut nitrification/anaerobic ammonia oxidation autotrophic nitrogen removal technologies (ZL 201310001101.6). However, in the process, carbon in the sewage is seriously oxidized, a large amount of carbon is oxidized into carbon dioxide, and the total amount of the carbon which can be absorbed by organisms is reduced, so that the process is not beneficial to methane generation and power generation by sludge enriched organic matters; meanwhile, nitrate nitrogen is generated by anaerobic ammonia oxidation, so that the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen in the effluent of the system is relatively high, and deep denitrification is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-energy consumption urban sewage denitrification device and method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, low energy recovery rate and difficulty in realizing deep denitrification in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides a low-energy consumption urban sewage denitrification device based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation: the device is provided with an urban sewage raw water tank 1, a biological stabilization reactor 2, a biological adsorption reactor 3, an intermediate sedimentation tank 4 and a biological denitrification reactor 5; the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is provided with an overflow pipe 1.1 and an emptying pipe 1.2; the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is connected with the biological adsorption reactor 3 through a raw water inlet pump 3.1 of the biological adsorption reactor; the biological adsorption reactor 3 is connected with the intermediate sedimentation tank 4 through a water outlet pipe 3.3 of the biological adsorption reactor; the intermediate sedimentation tank 4 is connected with the biological stabilization reactor 2 through a sludge reflux pump, and an air flow regulating valve 2.1 and an aeration head 2.2 are arranged in the biological stabilization reactor 2; the intermediate sedimentation tank 4 is connected with the biological denitrification reactor through an outlet pipe 4.4 of the intermediate sedimentation tank, and simultaneously, the urban sewage raw water tank 1 is connected with the biological denitrification reactor 5 through a raw water inlet pump 5.1 of the biological denitrification reactor. The biological denitrification reactor 5 is divided into a plurality of grid chambers, the grid chambers are sequentially a low DO aerobic zone 5.5, an anoxic zone 5.6, an aerobic zone 5.7 and a sedimentation zone 5.8, and an air compressor 5.3, a gas flowmeter 5.4, an anoxic stirrer 5.9, a biological denitrification reactor outlet valve 5.10 and a biological denitrification reactor outlet pipe 5.11 are arranged.
The flow of the municipal sewage in the device is as follows: firstly, the returned sludge of the intermediate sedimentation tank enters a biological stabilization reactor for biological stabilization under the condition of high DO. Then partial urban sewage raw water and the effluent of the biostabilization reactor enter a biosorption reactor together, and organic matters in the urban sewage are adsorbed by biostabilization activated sludge, so that the purpose of carbon capture is realized. And (3) the effluent of the biological adsorption reactor enters an intermediate sedimentation tank, part of the precipitated activated sludge is discharged in the form of excess sludge, and part of the activated sludge is refluxed. The effluent of the intermediate sedimentation tank firstly enters a low DO aerobic zone of the biological denitrification reactor, and part of ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is converted into ammonia nitrogen
Figure BDA0001264968050000021
Realizing short-range nitrification; then anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria utilize part of ammonia nitrogen and generate
Figure BDA0001264968050000022
Anaerobic ammoxidation reaction occurs to generate nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen; then the effluent of the low DO aerobic zone and part of the raw water of the municipal sewage enter the anoxic zone at the same time, and the nitrate nitrogen generated in the previous stage is converted into the nitrate nitrogen by using the organic matters in the raw water as a carbon source
Figure BDA0001264968050000023
Then ammonia nitrogen in the raw water is mixed by anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction
Figure BDA0001264968050000031
Removal is performed. Then the effluent of the anoxic zone enters the aerobic zone to carry out nitration reaction, and the residual ammonia nitrogen is ensured to be converted into nitrate nitrogen; and finally, the effluent of the anoxic zone enters a precipitation zone, and is discharged after precipitation, so that the aim of biological denitrification is finally fulfilled.
The technical principle is as follows:
the enhanced carbon capture mainly improves the biological adsorption capacity, a high DO biostabilization reactor and a low DO biosorption reactor are respectively added at the front end of the denitrification process, return sludge is only introduced into the high DO biostabilization reactor to perform aeration stabilization on the sludge, and microorganisms are in a hungry environment due to the lack of organic matters in the return sludge; then the mixed liquid of the high DO biostability reactor enters the low DO biostability reactor, and part of the original sewage is introduced, because the organic matters in the original sewage are abundant, a 'feast' environment is created for the microorganisms, and the microorganisms can absorb a large amount of the organic matters in the original sewage. Through the high DO biostability and the low DO biosorption, the potential of microorganism for adsorbing organic matters is stimulated, namely, the capability of the microorganism for capturing carbon in sewage is enhanced, and the improvement of the methane production efficiency of the sludge at the next stage is facilitated. Then, the sewage after organic matter removal enters a low DO aerobic zone, and short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction occur at the stage, so that ammonia nitrogen is removed. Because the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction can generate partial nitrate, an anoxic zone is added, the residual raw sewage is introduced, organic matters in the raw water are used as a carbon source, short-cut denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation are carried out, and deep denitrification is realized. In order to avoid the existence of ammonia nitrogen in effluent, an aerobic zone is added at the rear end of the anoxic zone, so that the residual ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is oxidized into nitrate. And finally, discharging the sewage after passing through a settling zone.
The invention realizes biological high-efficiency denitrification and energy recovery based on enhanced sewage carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, and has the following advantages compared with the traditional biological denitrification process:
1) biostabilization is carried out on the activated sludge, the biosorption efficiency of organic matters in the sewage is enhanced, the degree of carbon oxidation of the organic matters is reduced, the organic matters are enriched into the sludge through the biosorption, and then the activated sludge rich in the organic matters is subjected to anaerobic fermentation to produce methane, so that the energy recovery rate of the sewage is improved;
2) the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction only needs low DO condition, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is in the range of 0.2-0.5mg/L, so that the aeration quantity can be greatly reduced, and finally the reduction of the energy consumption of sewage treatment is achieved;
3) the short-range denitrification and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation can strengthen the biological deep denitrification, reduce the organic matter consumption, save the carbon source and bring the benefit of reducing the running cost for the sewage treatment plant;
4) the device can reduce the energy consumption of sewage treatment, improve the energy recovery rate in sewage, and is expected to realize self-supply or external supply of energy in urban sewage plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-energy consumption urban sewage denitrification method and device based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a raw water tank for municipal sewage; 2 is a biological stabilization reactor; 3 is a biological adsorption reactor; 4 is an intermediate sedimentation tank; 5 is a biological denitrification reactor; 1.1 is a raw water tank overflow pipe; 1.2 is a raw water tank emptying pipe; 1.3 is a water inlet pump; 2.1 is a gas quantity regulating valve; 2.2 is an aeration head; 2.3 a water outlet pipe of the biological stabilization reactor; 2.4 is a water outlet valve of the biostabilization reactor; 3.1 is raw water inlet pump of the biological adsorption reactor; 3.2 is a raw water inlet valve of the biological adsorption reactor; 3.3 is a water outlet pipe of the biological adsorption reactor; 3.4 is a water outlet valve of the biological adsorption reactor; 4.1 is a return sludge valve; 4.2 is a return sludge pump; 4.3 is a water outlet valve of the intermediate sedimentation tank; 4.4 is a water outlet pipe of the intermediate sedimentation tank; 5.1 is a raw water inlet pump of the biological denitrification reactor; 5.2 is a raw water inlet valve of the biological denitrification reactor; 5.3 is an air compressor; 5.4 is a gas flowmeter; 5.5 is a low DO aerobic zone; 5.6 is an anoxic zone; 5.7 is an aerobic zone; 5.8 is a precipitation zone; 5.9 is an anoxic stirrer; 5.10 biological denitrification reactor outlet valve; 5.11 is a water outlet pipe of the biological denitrification reactor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples: the low-energy-consumption urban sewage denitrification device based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation is provided with an urban sewage raw water tank (1), a biostabilization reactor (2), a biological adsorption reactor (3), an intermediate sedimentation tank (4) and a biological denitrification reactor (5); the urban sewage raw water tank (13) is provided with an overflow pipe (1.1) and an emptying pipe (1.2); the urban sewage raw water tank (1) is connected with the biological adsorption reactor (3) through a raw water inlet pump (3.1) of the biological adsorption reactor; the biological adsorption reactor (3) is connected with the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) through a biological adsorption reactor water outlet pipe (3.3); the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) is connected with the biological stabilization reactor (2) through a sludge reflux pump, and an air quantity regulating valve (2.1) and an aeration head (2.2) are arranged in the biological stabilization reactor (2); the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) is connected with the biological denitrification reactor (5) through an outlet pipe (4.4) of the intermediate sedimentation tank, and the urban sewage raw water tank (1) is connected with the biological denitrification reactor (5) through a raw water inlet pump (5.1) of the biological denitrification reactor. The biological denitrification reactor (5) is divided into a plurality of grid chambers, the grid chambers are sequentially a low DO aerobic zone (5.5), an anoxic zone (5.6), an aerobic zone (5.7) and a sedimentation zone (5.8), and an air compressor (5.3), a gas flowmeter (5.4), an anoxic stirrer (5.9), a biological denitrification reactor outlet valve (5.10)5 and a biological denitrification reactor outlet pipe (5.11) are arranged.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) starting the system: inoculating activated sludge of the urban sewage plant and adding the activated sludge into the biostabilization reactor (2) and the biosorption reactor (3) to ensure that the sludge concentration respectively reaches 1000-2000mg/L and 500-1000 mg/L. In a biological denitrification reactor (5), a filler with a shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into a low DO aerobic zone (5.5), and the filling ratio is 50-80%; a filler with a short-range denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into the anoxic zone (5.6), and the filling ratio is 50-80%; the aerobic zone (5.7) is added with filler with nitrifying biological membranes, and the filling ratio is 50-80%.
2) The runtime adjustment operation is as follows:
2.1) controlling the sludge reflux ratio of the biological stabilization reactor (2) at 50-100%, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration at 3.5-5mg/L, and controlling the hydraulic retention time HRT of the reactor (2) at 30-60 min;
2.2) the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the biological adsorption reactor (3) is 80-90%, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled at 0.2-0.5mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT of the reactor (2) is controlled at 60-90 min; the sludge age is controlled to be 0.5-1.1 days;
2.3) the operation mode of the biological denitrification reactor (5) is that the effluent of the intermediate sedimentation tank firstly enters a low DO aerobic zone (5.5) of the biological denitrification reactor, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 0.3-0.5mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 6-10 h; then the effluent of the low DO aerobic zone and part of the municipal sewage enter an anoxic zone (5.6) at the same time, the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage is 10-20%, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 1-2 h; then the effluent from the anoxic zone enters an aerobic zone (5.7) for nitration reaction, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 1.0-2.0mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 1-2 h. And finally, the effluent of the anoxic zone enters a precipitation zone (5.8), and is discharged through a drain valve after precipitating for 1-2 h.
2.4) in the biological denitrification reactor (5), when the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the low DO aerobic zone (5.5) is less than 2mg/L, if the nitrate nitrogen concentration is greater than 12mg/L, the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the anoxic zone (5.6) is increased until the nitrate nitrogen concentration is less than 8 mg/L.
The experiment adopts the domestic sewage of the family district of Beijing university of industry as the raw water, and the specific water quality is as follows: the COD concentration is 200-400 mg/L;
Figure BDA0001264968050000061
the concentration is 50-70mg/L,
Figure BDA0001264968050000062
less than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. The test system is shown in figure 1, each reactor is made of organic glass, the effective volume of the biostable reactor is 4L, and the effective volume of the adsorption reactor is 8L; the volume of each cell in the biological denitrification reactor is 8L, and the total effective volume is 56L.
The specific operation is as follows:
1) starting the system: inoculating activated sludge of the urban sewage plant, and adding the activated sludge into the biostabilization reactor (2) and the biosorption reactor (3) to ensure that the sludge concentration reaches 1500mg/L and 800mg/L respectively. In a biological denitrification reactor (5), a filler with a shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into a low DO aerobic zone (5.5), and the filling ratio is 50%; a filler with a short-range denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into the anoxic zone (5.6), and the filling ratio is 50%; the aerobic zone (5.7) is filled with filler with nitrifying biological membranes, and the filling ratio is 50 percent.
2) The runtime adjustment operation is as follows:
2.1) controlling the sludge reflux ratio of the biological stabilization reactor (2) at 50%, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration at 3.5-5mg/L, and controlling the hydraulic retention time HRT of the reactor (2) at 30 min;
2.2) the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the biological adsorption reactor (3) is 80 percent, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.2-0.5mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT of the reactor (2) is controlled to be 60 min; the sludge age is controlled to be 0.8 days;
2.3) the operation mode of the biological denitrification reactor (5) is that the effluent of the intermediate sedimentation tank firstly enters a low DO aerobic zone (5.5) of the biological denitrification reactor, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 0.3-0.5mg/L, the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 8h, then the effluent of the low DO aerobic zone and part of the municipal sewage simultaneously enter an anoxic zone (5.6), the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage is 20%, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 2 h; then the effluent from the anoxic zone enters an aerobic zone (5.7) for nitration reaction, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 1.0-2.0mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 2 h. And finally, the effluent of the anoxic zone enters a precipitation zone (5.8), and is discharged through a drain valve after 2 hours of precipitation.
2.4) in the biological denitrification reactor (5), when the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the low DO aerobic zone (5.5) is less than 2mg/L, if the nitrate nitrogen concentration is greater than 12mg/L, increasing the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the anoxic zone (5.6) until the nitrate nitrogen concentration is less than 8 mg/L.
The test result shows that: after the operation is stable, the COD concentration of the effluent of the biological adsorption reactor is 120mg/L,
Figure BDA0001264968050000073
the concentration is 31 mg/L; the COD concentration of the effluent of the biological denitrification reactor is 30-50mg/L,
Figure BDA0001264968050000074
the concentration is 0.5-3mg/L,
Figure BDA0001264968050000071
the concentration is 0-0.5mg/L,
Figure BDA0001264968050000072
the concentration is 1-5mg/L, and TN can be lower than 10mg/L for most of time.

Claims (1)

1. The low-energy consumption urban sewage denitrification method based on enhanced carbon capture and anaerobic ammonia oxidation adopts the following device, and the device is provided with an urban sewage raw water tank (1), a biological stabilization reactor (2), a biological adsorption reactor (3), an intermediate sedimentation tank (4) and a biological denitrification reactor (5); the urban sewage raw water tank (1) is provided with an overflow pipe (1.1) and an emptying pipe (1.2); the urban sewage raw water tank (1) is connected with the biological adsorption reactor (3) through a raw water inlet pump (3.1) of the biological adsorption reactor; the biological adsorption reactor (3) is connected with the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) through a biological adsorption reactor water outlet pipe (3.3); the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) is connected with the biostabilization reactor (2) through a sludge reflux pump, and an air flow regulating valve (2.1) and an aeration head (2.2) are arranged in the biostabilization reactor (2); the intermediate sedimentation tank (4) is connected with the biological denitrification reactor (5) through an intermediate sedimentation tank water outlet pipe (4.4), and meanwhile, the urban sewage raw water tank (1) is connected with the biological denitrification reactor (5) through a biological denitrification reactor raw water inlet pump (5.1); the biological denitrification reactor (5) is divided into a plurality of chambers, the chambers are sequentially a low DO aerobic zone (5.5), an anoxic zone (5.6), an aerobic zone (5.7) and a sedimentation zone (5.8), and an air compressor (5.3), a gas flowmeter (5.4), an anoxic stirrer (5.9), a biological denitrification reactor water outlet valve (5.10) and a biological denitrification reactor water outlet pipe (5.11) are arranged; the biological stabilization reactor (2) is connected with the biological adsorption reactor (3);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) starting the system: inoculating activated sludge of the urban sewage plant and adding the activated sludge into the biostabilization reactor (2) and the biosorption reactor (3) to ensure that the sludge concentration respectively reaches 1000-2000mg/L and 500-1000 mg/L; in a biological denitrification reactor (5), a filler with a shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into a low DO aerobic zone (5.5), and the filling ratio is 50-80%; a filler with a short-range denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological membrane is added into the anoxic zone (5.6), and the filling ratio is 50-80%; the aerobic zone (5.7) is added with filler with nitrifying biological membranes, and the filling ratio is 50-80%;
2) the runtime adjustment operation is as follows:
2.1) controlling the sludge reflux ratio of the biological stabilization reactor (2) at 50-100%, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration at 3.5-5mg/L, and controlling the hydraulic retention time HRT of the biological stabilization reactor (2) at 30-60 min;
2.2) the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the biological adsorption reactor (3) is 80-90%, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled at 0.2-0.5mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT of the biological adsorption reactor (3) is controlled at 60-90 min; the sludge age is controlled to be 0.5-1.1 days;
2.3) the operation mode of the biological denitrification reactor (5) is that the effluent of the intermediate sedimentation tank firstly enters a low DO aerobic zone (5.5) of the biological denitrification reactor, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 0.3-0.5mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 6-10 h; then the effluent of the low DO aerobic zone and part of the municipal sewage enter an anoxic zone (5.6) at the same time, the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage is 10-20%, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 1-2 h; then the effluent of the anoxic zone enters an aerobic zone (5.7) for nitration reaction, the DO concentration of the zone is controlled to be 1.0-2.0mg/L, and the hydraulic retention time HRT is controlled to be 1-2 h; finally, the effluent of the anoxic zone enters a precipitation zone (5.8), and is discharged through a drain valve after precipitating for 1-2 h;
2.4) in the biological denitrification reactor (5), when the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the low DO aerobic zone (5.5) is less than 2mg/L, if the nitrate nitrogen concentration is greater than 12mg/L, the water inlet proportion of the municipal sewage in the anoxic zone (5.6) is increased until the nitrate nitrogen concentration is less than 8 mg/L.
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