CN106828500A - Electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method - Google Patents

Electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106828500A
CN106828500A CN201710043013.0A CN201710043013A CN106828500A CN 106828500 A CN106828500 A CN 106828500A CN 201710043013 A CN201710043013 A CN 201710043013A CN 106828500 A CN106828500 A CN 106828500A
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speed
accelerator pedal
gear
pedal intensity
scalar functions
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阴晓峰
武小花
孙华
孙超
王贵均
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Xihua University
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Xihua University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/105—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
    • B60W2050/0042—Transfer function lag; delays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed

Abstract

A kind of electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method, first on the basis of being researched and analysed to vehicle performance and motor drive characteristic, constructs the composite evaluation function of the electric automobile optimal schedule of many performance synthesises；Then with the composite evaluation function as optimization aim, with the corresponding range of speeds of the primary condition of running car and motor high efficient area as constraints, optimizing application algorithm goes to calculate the electric automobile geared automatic transmission optimal schedule of many performance synthesises；The electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule formulated using the technology of the present invention, can make automobile on the basis of driver's shift control intention is embodied, it is ensured that vehicle power and economic integrated performance index are optimal.

Description

Electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optimization method of electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule, belonging to automobile has level certainly Dynamic transmission technology field.
Background technology
Schedule plays highly important effect in the vehicle equipped with automatic transmission, and it is automatic speed-changing system One of core technology link.At present, use traditional automatic transmission more electric automobile, therefore advised with the gearshift of internal-combustion engines vehicle Rule has phase same-action, is the foundation of Shift Strategy, and considers its influence to electric efficiency, dynamic property and economy, changes Gear rule has certain difference again.
According to the difference of control parameter, schedule is broadly divided into one-parameter (speed), two parameter (speed, accelerator pedal Intensity) and three parameters (speed, accelerator pedal intensity and acceleration) schedule.What electric automobile was widely used at present is with car Speed and accelerator pedal intensity are the schedule of control parameter.Formulated according to schedule or computational methods are different, and substantially divided It is the schedule based on experience and the schedule based on constraints.
Schedule based on experience is to obtain schedule by learning the manipulation experience of outstanding driver, uses more The technological means such as fuzzy logic, neutral net or evolutionary computation, but the style of driver, running car environment and transport condition are multiple Miscellaneous changeable, this method is it is difficult to ensure that automotive performance is also optimal.Schedule based on constraints, in electric automobile In, using dynamic property, economy or electric efficiency as constraints, gearshift is calculated using methods such as diagram method, analytic methods more Rule, and the formulation of most schedules based on constraints mainly considers to refer in dynamic property, a certain one-way performance of economy Seek optimal under target constraint, it is difficult to while taking into account electric efficiency, dynamic property and economy.Technical scheme provided by the present invention Compensate for the deficiency that the above is based on experience and certain single constraints schedule, consider motor in electric automobile efficiency with And on the basis of dynamic property and economic index, it is optimal automotive performance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome schedule of the above based on experience and the gearshift based on certain single constraints A kind of deficiency of rule, there is provided the comprehensive optimal schedule optimization method of electric automobile geared automatic transmission multi-performance index, It is intended on the basis of embodiment driver shift control intention, it is ensured that vehicle power and economic integrated performance index are optimal.
The present invention solve the schedule optimization method that is used of its technical problem for：Comprise the following steps：
First on the basis of being researched and analysed to vehicle performance and motor drive characteristic, many performance synthesises of electric automobile are constructed The composite evaluation function of optimal schedule；Then with the composite evaluation function as optimization aim, with the basic bar of running car The corresponding range of speeds of part and motor high efficient area be constraints, optimizing application algorithm go calculate electric automobile there is level to become automatically The optimal schedule of the fast many performance synthesises of device；
The composite evaluation function of the described construction electric automobile optimal schedule of many performance synthesises, concretely comprises the following steps：It is first The evaluation function of electric powered motor and economy, i.e. dynamic property subhead scalar functions and the economy subhead offer of tender are first constructed respectively Number, then to the treatment of this two classes partial objectives for function normalization, finally can be used for electric automobile using linear weighting method construction has The composite evaluation function of level automatic transmission shift rule optimization；
Described dynamic property subhead scalar functions and economy subhead scalar functions are respectively selected from corresponding evaluation index, use Minimum represents correspondence best performance, i.e. the value of certain subhead scalar functions is smaller, then with the performance corresponding to the subhead scalar functions Better；
Described normalized, is in order to the value of each subhead scalar functions is changed in the range of [0,1]；
Described linear weighting method, refer to by normalization after each subhead scalar functions distinguish corresponding weight coefficient It is multiplied, then add up summation, obtains composite evaluation function；All weight coefficients be nonnegative value and itself and be 1；
The weight coefficient corresponding to each subhead scalar functions after the normalization of the composite evaluation function is constituted, for embodying The different shift control of driver is intended to, i.e. driver wishes to be driven a car with which kind of pattern；Such as to the economy after normalization Weight coefficient corresponding to subhead scalar functions assigns larger value, and corresponding to the dynamic property subhead scalar functions given after normalization Weight coefficient assigns less value, then show that driver is wished based on economy, while the pattern for taking into account dynamic property drives vapour Car；
The basic driving conditions of described automobile, refer to that the torque of motor output after shifting gears still is enough to overcome automobile to own Running resistance；
The described corresponding range of speeds in motor high efficient area, refer under different accelerator pedal intensity efficiency more than 80% The corresponding range of speeds；
Different accelerator pedal intensity is finally directed to, can reach composite evaluation function using optimized algorithm removal search or solution To it is optimal i.e. minimum value geared automatic transmission it is all it is adjacent two gear shifting points corresponding to speed；According to each adjacent two gear All accelerator pedal intensity and its corresponding shifting points speed, draw out all gearshift curves under combination.
The dynamic property subhead scalar functions are kept off corresponding using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity Minimum speed keeps off the highest car corresponding to (n is the quantity of speed changer forward gear, and such as speed changer has 3 forward gears, then n=3) to n The acceleration time of speed represents that expression formula is as follows：
In formula, gdU () is dynamic property subhead scalar functions；U is speed；t1To be made using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Speed is kept off corresponding minimum speed and is promoted to 1 gear to 2 gear gearshift speed u from high efficiency region 11Time used；ti(i= 2 ..., n-1) it is to keep off under certain accelerator pedal intensity making speed from u using ii-1I is promoted to keep off to i+1 gear gearshift speeds ui Time used；tnMake speed from u to be kept off using n under certain accelerator pedal intensityn-1It is promoted to height under the accelerator pedal intensity Time used by the corresponding max. speed of efficiency band n gears；
The economy subhead scalar functions are kept off corresponding using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity Minimum speed to the unit mileage energy consumption of the corresponding max. speed of n gears represents that expression formula is as follows：
In formula, gjU () is economy subhead scalar functions；e1To make speed from height using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Efficiency band 1 keeps off corresponding minimum speed and is promoted to u1The energy for being consumed；ei(i=2 ..., n-1) it is that certain acceleration is stepped on Being kept off using i under plate intensity makes speed from ui-1It is promoted to uiThe energy for being consumed；enTo be kept off using n under certain accelerator pedal intensity Make speed from un-1High efficiency region n keeps off the energy that corresponding max. speed is consumed under being promoted to the accelerator pedal intensity；s It is the corresponding distance travelled of whole process；
Each partial objectives for functional value is normalized using range method, is converted it in the range of [0,1], it is used Formula is as follows：
In formula, x ' represents the data after normalization, and x is sample initial data, xmaxIt is the maximum in sample data, xmin It is the minimum value in sample data；
Dynamic property, economy subhead scalar functions after normalized are respectively g'd(u)、g'j(u)；
Using linear weighting method, many performance synthesises evaluation function f (u) are constructed as follows：
In formula, wd、wjThe respectively weight coefficient of dynamic property partial objectives for and economy partial objectives for, different weight coefficient bodies The different shift control of existing driver is intended to；Such as assign wjLarger value, assigns wdLess value, then show driver wish with Based on economy, while taking into account the pattern driving of dynamic property.
The required constraints when schedule is calculated of the present invention includes the basic driving conditions of automobile, and motor The corresponding range of speeds in high efficient area.
The basic driving conditions of automobile, i.e., in gearshift speed uiThe torque energy of motor output drives under (i=1 ..., n-1) Electrical automobile is travelled, and should be met：
According to the efficiency point-rendering efficiency distribution figure such as motor, with reference to the motor driving torque under different accelerator pedal intensity Curve, can obtain the corresponding range of speeds of motor efficient region under different accelerator pedal intensity, then motor speed is scaled Speed under different gears, can obtain the gearshift vehicle speed range of corresponding gear, and expression formula is as follows：
u(i+1)min≤ui≤uimax(i=1 ..., n-1) (6)
In formula, u(i+1)min、uimaxIt is respectively motor speed institute of the electric efficiency more than 80% under different accelerator pedal intensity Corresponding i+1 keeps off minimum speed and i gear max. speed.
In sum, the electric automobile n gears many performance synthesis schedule optimization problems of geared automatic transmission can be described such as Under：
The optimized algorithm uses genetic algorithm, and its key step is as follows：
1) the fully loaded quality m, driving wheel radius r, front face area A, coefficient of air resistance C of automobile is importedD, coefficient of rolling resistance F relevant parameters, are input into the weights of each partial objectives for；
2) genetic algorithm parameter initialization：The size for setting population is 150, and it is 50 that genetic algorithm terminates iterative algebra, is handed over Fork probability is 0.8, and mutation probability is 0.2；
3) accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable initial value j=1 is set；
4) calculate under the accelerator pedal intensity border rotating speed of the electric efficiency more than 80% and each minimum speed of gear of correspondence and Max. speed；
5) genetic algorithm for solving upshift speed is used：Travelled substantially with the minimum target of composite evaluation function value, with automobile Condition speed corresponding with motor high efficient area is constraints, and rising i+1 with the i gears under the genetic algorithm for solving pedal intensity keeps off Speed uupi(j) (i=1 ..., n-1)；
6) j=k is judgedIf so, continue next step, otherwise, j=j+1 returns to the 4) step；
7) downshift speed is calculated；
8) result of calculation is preserved；
Wherein, k is accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable final value, represents decile of the accelerator pedal intensity from 0 to 100% Number, its value takes the integer not less than 10；
Step 7) in calculate downshift speed used by formula be：
In formula, uupiTo rise up into speed when i keeps off, uup(i-1)To rise up into speed when i-1 keeps off, udowniFor i gears fall into i-1 The downshift speed of gear；In formula (8), kept off for 2 gear drops 1, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.4, accelerator pedal is strong When degree is more than or equal to 60%, Ai=0.15；For other gears, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.8, accelerator pedal When intensity is more than or equal to 60%, Ai=0.2.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule formulated using the technology of the present invention, can embody automobile On the basis of driver's shift control is intended to, it is ensured that vehicle power and economic integrated performance index are optimal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall plan of the optimal schedule optimization method of many performance synthesises of electric automobile geared automatic transmission；
Fig. 2 is gearshift performance synthesis evaluation function building method schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the motor driving torque curve under certain type electric efficiency distribution map and different accelerator pedal intensity；
Fig. 4 is that the schedule optimization based on genetic algorithm calculates main program flow chart；
Fig. 5 is that certain 3 gear automatic mechanical transmission dynamic property that the specific embodiment of the invention is formulated are dominant schedule；
Fig. 6 is that certain 3 gear automatic mechanical transmission economy that the specific embodiment of the invention is formulated are dominant schedule；
Fig. 7 is certain 3 gear automatic mechanical transmission power economy comprehensively optimal gearshift that the specific embodiment of the invention is formulated Rule.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, with formulate certain type pure electric automobile 3 gear electric control mechanical type automatic speed variator (AMT) many performances Comprehensive optimal schedule is specific embodiment, and the present invention is further illustrated.
The general thought of electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method of the present invention is as shown in figure 1, first On the basis of being researched and analysed to vehicle performance and motor drive characteristic, the synthesis for constructing many optimal schedules of performance synthesis is commented Valency function；Then it is corresponding with motor high efficient area with the primary condition of running car with the composite evaluation function as optimization aim The range of speeds be constraints, optimizing application algorithm goes to calculate that many performance synthesises of electric automobile geared automatic transmission are optimal changes Gear rule.
Fig. 2 is gearshift performance synthesis evaluation function building method schematic diagram, first selectes each subhead scalar functions, then right respectively Each subhead scalar functions are normalized, and finally combine and embody the weight coefficient that pilot control is intended to, after each normalization Partial objectives for function linear weighted function, construct many performance synthesis evaluation functions.
In the present embodiment, each subhead scalar functions are chosen from dynamic property and Economic feasibility target respectively.
Dynamic property subhead scalar functions are kept off corresponding minimum using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity Speed to the acceleration time of the corresponding max. speed of 3 gears represents that expression formula is as follows：
gd(u)=t1+t2+t3 (1)
In formula, gdX () is dynamic property subhead scalar functions；t1To make speed from height using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Efficiency band 1 keeps off corresponding minimum speed and is promoted to 1 gear to 2 gear gearshift speed u1Time used；t2For certain acceleration is stepped on Make speed from u using 2 gears under plate intensity1It is promoted to 2 gears to 3 gear gearshift speed u2Time used；t3It is certain accelerator pedal Make speed from u using 3 gears under intensity2High efficiency region 3 keeps off corresponding max. speed institute under being promoted to the accelerator pedal intensity Time.
Economy subhead scalar functions are kept off corresponding minimum using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity Speed to the unit mileage energy consumption of the corresponding max. speed of 3 gears represents that expression formula is as follows：
gj(u)=(e1+e2+e3)/s (2)
In formula, gjX () is economy subhead scalar functions；e1To make speed from height using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Efficiency band 1 keeps off corresponding minimum speed and is promoted to u1The energy for being consumed；e2To use 2 under certain accelerator pedal intensity Gear makes speed from u1It is promoted to u2The energy for being consumed；e3To make speed from u using 3 gears under certain accelerator pedal intensity2Lifting High efficiency region 3 keeps off the energy that corresponding max. speed is consumed under to the accelerator pedal intensity；S is that whole process is corresponding Distance travelled.
In the present embodiment, each partial objectives for functional value is normalized using range method, converted it to [0,1] In the range of, formula used is as follows：
In formula, x ' represents the data after normalization, and x is sample initial data, xmaxIt is the maximum in sample data, xmin It is the minimum value in sample data.
Dynamic property, economy subhead scalar functions after normalized are respectively g'd(u)、g'j(u).Using linear weighted function Method, constructs many performance synthesis evaluation functions as follows：
In formula, wd、wjThe respectively weight coefficient of dynamic property partial objectives for and economy partial objectives for, different weight coefficient bodies The different shift control of existing driver is intended to.Such as assign wjLarger value, wdLess value, then show that driver is wished with economy Property based on, while take into account dynamic property pattern driving.
The required constraints when schedule is calculated of the present invention includes the basic driving conditions of automobile, and motor The corresponding range of speeds in high efficient area.
In the present embodiment, the basic driving conditions of automobile, i.e., in gearshift speed ui(i=1,2) torque energy of motor output under Running car is driven, should be met：
The described corresponding range of speeds in motor high efficient area refer under different accelerator pedal intensity efficiency more than 80% Corresponding vehicle speed range, as shown in figure 3, by finding the motor driving torque curve and 80% under different accelerator pedal intensity The intersection point of efficiency curve, can obtain the corresponding range of speeds of motor efficient region under different accelerator pedal intensity, then by motor Rotating speed is scaled the speed under different gears, can obtain the gearshift vehicle speed range of corresponding gear.Expression formula is as follows：
u(i+1)min≤ui≤uimax(i=1,2) (6)
In formula, u(i+1)min、uimaxIt is respectively motor speed institute of the electric efficiency more than 80% under different accelerator pedal intensity Corresponding i+1 keeps off minimum speed and i gear max. speed.
In sum, the gear of the pure electric automobile 3 many performance synthesis schedule optimization problems of AMT can be described as follows：
In the present embodiment, for different accelerator pedal intensity, genetic algorithm for solving is respectively adopted can make many performance synthesises Evaluation function is optimal the speed corresponding to the shifting points of (i.e. minimum value).Optimization calculates main flow as shown in figure 4, main step It is rapid as follows：
1) the fully loaded quality m, driving wheel radius r, front face area A, coefficient of air resistance C of automobile is importedD, coefficient of rolling resistance The relevant parameters such as f, are input into the weights of each partial objectives for；
2) genetic algorithm parameter initialization：The size that the present embodiment sets population is 150, and genetic algorithm terminates iterative algebra It is 50, crossover probability is 0.8, mutation probability is 0.2；
3) accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable initial value j=1 is set；
4) calculate under the accelerator pedal intensity border rotating speed of the electric efficiency more than 80% and each minimum speed of gear of correspondence and Max. speed；
5) genetic algorithm for solving upshift speed is used：Travelled substantially with the minimum target of composite evaluation function value, with automobile Condition speed corresponding with motor efficient region is constraints, and rising 2 with 1 gear under the genetic algorithm for solving pedal intensity keeps off a car Fast u1J () and 2 gears rise 3 and keep off a car fast u2(j)；
6) j=k is judgedIf so, continue next step, otherwise, j=j+1 returns to the 4) step；
7) downshift speed is calculated；
8) result of calculation is preserved.
Wherein, k is accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable final value, represents decile of the accelerator pedal intensity from 0 to 100% Number, the present embodiment its value takes 20.
Step 7) in calculate downshift speed used by formula be：
In formula, uupiTo rise up into speed when i keeps off, uup(i-1)To rise up into speed when i-1 keeps off, udowniFor i gears fall into i-1 Speed during gear.In the present embodiment, kept off for 2 gear drops 1, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.4, accelerator pedal is strong When degree is more than or equal to 60%, Ai=0.15；Kept off for 3 gear drops 2, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.8, accelerator pedal When intensity is more than or equal to 60%, Ai=0.2.
It is exemplified below how to go to calculate using the technology of the present invention and embodies the different pure electronic vapour for manipulating intention of driver The optimal schedule of many performance synthesises of car.
Example one：The weights of each subhead scalar functions are set to wd=70%, wj=30%, wished with dynamic with expressing driver Based on power, while taking into account the pattern driving of economy.What the dynamic property being calculated using above method optimization was dominant Many optimal schedules of performance synthesis are as shown in Figure 5.
Example two：The weights of each subhead scalar functions are set to wd=30%, wj=70%, with express driver wish with compared with Good Energy Consumption Economy, while taking into account the pattern driving of dynamic property.The economy being calculated using above method optimization The optimal schedule of many performance synthesises being dominant is as shown in Figure 6.
Example three：The weights of each subhead scalar functions are set to wd=50%, wj=50%, to express driver to dynamic property Expectation with economy is identical.Optimize the power economy being calculated comprehensively optimal schedule such as Fig. 7 institutes using the above method Show.
Finally it should be noted that of the invention illustrate what is be merely exemplary in nature, one of ordinary skill in the art It should be understood that：All modifications for not departing from present subject matter should all belong within the scope of the present invention, and this modification is not considered as Depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
First on the basis of being researched and analysed to vehicle performance and motor drive characteristic, the construction many performance synthesises of electric automobile are optimal The composite evaluation function of schedule；Then with the composite evaluation function as optimization aim, with the primary condition of running car and The corresponding range of speeds in motor high efficient area is constraints, and optimizing application algorithm goes to calculate electric automobile geared automatic transmission Many optimal schedules of performance synthesis；
The composite evaluation function of the described construction electric automobile optimal schedule of many performance synthesises, concretely comprises the following steps：Divide first Not Gou Zao electric powered motor and economy evaluation function, i.e. dynamic property subhead scalar functions and economy subhead scalar functions, Then to the treatment of this two classes partial objectives for function normalization, finally can be used for electric automobile using linear weighting method construction has level certainly The composite evaluation function of dynamic transmission schedule optimization；
Described dynamic property subhead scalar functions and economy subhead scalar functions are respectively selected from corresponding evaluation index, using minimum Value represents correspondence best performance, i.e. the value of certain subhead scalar functions is smaller, then got over the performance corresponding to the subhead scalar functions It is good；
Described normalized, is in order to the value of each subhead scalar functions is changed in the range of [0,1]；
Described linear weighting method, refer to by normalization after each subhead scalar functions distinguish corresponding weight coefficient phase Multiply, then add up summation, obtains composite evaluation function；All weight coefficients be nonnegative value and itself and be 1；
The weight coefficient corresponding to each subhead scalar functions after the normalization of the composite evaluation function is constituted, is driven for embodying The different shift control of member is intended to, i.e. driver wishes to be driven a car with which kind of pattern；Such as to the economy subhead after normalization Weight coefficient corresponding to scalar functions assigns larger value, and the weighting corresponding to the dynamic property subhead scalar functions given after normalization Coefficient assigns less value, then show that driver is wished based on economy, while taking into account the pattern driving of dynamic property；
The basic driving conditions of described automobile, refer to that the torque of motor output after shifting gears still is enough to overcome all travelings of automobile Resistance；
The described corresponding range of speeds in motor high efficient area, refers to that efficiency institute more than 80% is right under different accelerator pedal intensity The range of speeds answered；
Different accelerator pedal intensity is finally directed to, using optimized algorithm removal search or solution composite evaluation function can be made to reach most Speed corresponding to the shifting points of all adjacent two gears of geared automatic transmission of excellent i.e. minimum value；According to each adjacent two gears combination Under all accelerator pedal intensity and its corresponding shifting points speed, draw out all gearshift curves.
2. electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is described Dynamic property subhead scalar functions keep off corresponding minimum speed to n using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity During the acceleration of the max. speed corresponding to gear (n is the quantity of speed changer forward gear, and such as speed changer has 3 forward gears, then n=3) Between represent, expression formula is as follows：
g d ( u ) = Σ i = 1 n t i - - - ( 1 )
In formula, gdU () is dynamic property subhead scalar functions；U is speed；t1To make speed using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Corresponding minimum speed is kept off from high efficiency region 1 be promoted to 1 gear to 2 gear gearshift speed u1Time used；ti(i=2 ..., N-1 it is) to keep off under certain accelerator pedal intensity making speed from u using ii-1I is promoted to keep off to i+1 gear gearshift speeds uiUsed Time；tnMake speed from u to be kept off using n under certain accelerator pedal intensityn-1It is promoted to high efficient area under the accelerator pedal intensity Time used by the corresponding max. speed of domain n gears；
The economy subhead scalar functions are kept off corresponding minimum using automobile high efficiency region 1 under different accelerator pedal intensity Speed to the unit mileage energy consumption of the corresponding max. speed of n gears represents that expression formula is as follows：
g j ( u ) = Σ i = 1 n e i / s - - - ( 2 )
In formula, gjU () is economy subhead scalar functions；e1To make speed from high efficiency using 1 gear under certain accelerator pedal intensity Region 1 keeps off corresponding minimum speed and is promoted to u1The energy for being consumed；ei(i=2 ..., n-1) it is that certain accelerator pedal is strong The lower gear using i of degree makes speed from ui-1It is promoted to uiThe energy for being consumed；enMake car to be kept off using n under certain accelerator pedal intensity Speed is from un-1High efficiency region n keeps off the energy that corresponding max. speed is consumed under being promoted to the accelerator pedal intensity；S is whole The corresponding distance travelled of individual process；
Each partial objectives for functional value is normalized using range method, is converted it in the range of [0,1], formula used It is as follows：
x ′ = x - x m i n x m a x - x m i n - - - ( 3 )
In formula, x ' represents the data after normalization, and x is sample initial data, xmaxIt is the maximum in sample data, xminIt is sample Minimum value in notebook data；
Dynamic property, economy subhead scalar functions after normalized are respectively g'd(u)、g'j(u)；
Using linear weighting method, many performance synthesises evaluation function f (u) are constructed as follows：
f ( u ) = w d g d ′ ( u ) + w j g j ′ ( u ) w d + w j = 1 - - - ( 4 )
In formula, wd、wjThe respectively weight coefficient of dynamic property partial objectives for and economy partial objectives for, different weight coefficients embodies to be driven The different shift control of the person of sailing is intended to；
The basic driving conditions of automobile, i.e., in gearshift speed uiThe torque energy of motor output drives vapour under (i=1 ..., n-1) Car is travelled, and should be met：
du i d t ≥ 0 , ( i = 1 , ... , n - 1 ) - - - ( 5 )
It is bent with reference to the motor driving torque under different accelerator pedal intensity according to the efficiency point-rendering efficiency distribution figure such as motor Line, can obtain the corresponding range of speeds of motor efficient region under different accelerator pedal intensity, then motor speed is scaled not With the speed under gear, the gearshift vehicle speed range of corresponding gear can be obtained, expression formula is as follows：
u(i+1)min≤ui≤uimax(i=1 ..., n-1) (6)
In formula, u(i+1)min、uimaxIt is respectively under different accelerator pedal intensity corresponding to motor speed of the electric efficiency more than 80% I+1 keep off minimum speed and i gear max. speed.
3. electric automobile geared automatic transmission schedule optimization method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, The optimized algorithm uses genetic algorithm, and its key step is as follows：
1) the fully loaded quality m, driving wheel radius r, front face area A, coefficient of air resistance C of automobile is importedD, coefficient of rolling resistance f correlations Parameter, is input into the weights of each partial objectives for；
2) genetic algorithm parameter initialization：The size for setting population is 150, and it is 50 that genetic algorithm terminates iterative algebra, is intersected general Rate is 0.8, and mutation probability is 0.2；
3) accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable initial value j=1 is set；
4) border rotating speed of the electric efficiency more than 80% and each minimum speed of gear of correspondence and highest under the accelerator pedal intensity are calculated Speed；
5) genetic algorithm for solving upshift speed is used：With the minimum target of composite evaluation function value, with the basic driving conditions of automobile Speed corresponding with motor high efficient area is constraints, and rising an i+1 with the i gears under the genetic algorithm for solving pedal intensity keeps off a car speed ui(j) (i=1 ..., n-1)；；
6) j=k is judgedIf so, continue next step, otherwise, j=j+1 returns to the 4) step；
7) downshift speed is calculated；
8) result of calculation is preserved；
Wherein, k is accelerator pedal intensity loop control variable final value, represents isodisperse of the accelerator pedal intensity from 0 to 100%, Its value takes the integer not less than 10；
Step 7) in calculate downshift speed used by formula be：
A i = u u p i - u d o w n i u u p i - u u p ( i - 1 ) - - - ( 8 )
In formula, uupiTo rise up into speed when i keeps off, uup(i-1)To rise up into speed when i-1 keeps off, udowniFor i gears fall into i-1 gears Downshift speed；In formula (8), kept off for 2 gear drops 1, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.4, accelerator pedal intensity is big When equal to 60%, Ai=0.15；For other gears, when accelerator pedal intensity is less than 60%, Ai=0.8, accelerator pedal intensity During more than or equal to 60%, Ai=0.2.
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