CN106828438B

CN106828438B - The spare driving device of vehicle and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN106828438B
Application number: CN201710041532.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 万军
Original assignee: JINAN JIANGFUWAN AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: JINAN JIANGFUWAN AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-01-20
Filing date: 2017-01-20
Publication date: 2019-11-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-20
Also published as: CN106828438A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of spare driving device of vehicle and vehicles, configure the spare driving device of vehicle in the tail portion of vehicle, the spare driving device of the vehicle includes: main frame body, the installation for the spare driving device of the vehicle in carriage frame tail portion；Rotating mechanism, using main frame body as rack, and the rotating mechanism includes the pivoted arm that one end is assemblied in rack by shaft, and the driving device of driving pivoted arm rotation, and wherein the axis of shaft is parallel to the transverse direction of vehicle and is horizontally disposed with；Tire assembly is directly or indirectly assemblied in the other end of pivoted arm；And drive assembly, the driving for tire assembly；Wherein, the driving device is assemblied on main frame body, is configured to the driving device with planetary reducer.According to the present invention for improving the handling capacity of vehicle, and operate relatively convenient.

Description

The spare driving device of vehicle and vehicle

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of spare driving device applied to vehicle and vehicles equipped therewith.

Background technique

Current all vehicles, can all be faced with causes four-wheel to skid because wheel sinks into the complex road conditions such as wet and slippery muddy and abrupt slope Or torque not enough loses the circumstances of driving force, traditional mode of saving oneself mainly passes through rescuing plate, air bag, jack, capstan winch Etc. auxiliary equipment get rid of poverty, these auxiliary equipment need passenger to get off interim installation when in use, and for example abrupt slope, ditch, Above-mentioned auxiliary equipment is installed in the complex environments such as snowfield, silt, muddy road, is highly detrimental to the safety of personnel.

It is that current vehicle is got rid of poverty the Main way of research, such as Chinese patent literature that vehicle, which is independently got rid of poverty, CN105799664A, it discloses a kind of system independently got rid of poverty for motor vehicles, principle is to utilize to increase on automobile chassis The vehicle body added rises system, behind the ground that vehicle falls into such as sandstone, jacking and chassis is made to rise certain altitude, later using rotation Transfer from one department to another system and motor vehicle skidding tire is taken away into slippery route.Its vehicle body rises system and is only used for chassis holding up certain altitude, so Vehicle is set to get rid of poverty by running gear afterwards, however under these conditions, chassis lifts up the frictional force that will lead to running gear and ground Reduce, vehicle is made to be in a kind of more serious uncontrollable state.

The ability of getting rid of poverty of vehicle is also related to the handling capacity of vehicle, and vehicle is that the handling capacity of reinforcement vehicle is universal at present Using four-wheel drive structure (abbreviation 4 wheel driven is the standard configuration of offroad vehicle), since vehicle structure more than 4 wheel driven is complicated, cost Valuableness, less use.

In Chinese patent literature CN105235666A, discloses a kind of vehicle two and get rid of poverty system, be embodied in existing Motor vehicle braking system is modified, and when vehicle gets into a difficult position, so that the braking of each wheel is inconsistent, specifically makes stranded vehicle Wheel is in on-position, and not trapped wheel then has driving force, so that stranded wheel be made to no longer rotate, will not it is more sunken more It is deep, and not trapped wheel then has driving force, and vehicle can be released stranded region.However, the people of slightly driving experience It all, it will be appreciated that vehicular four wheels brake system needs equilibrium of braking, avoids stopping partially as far as possible, stops partially and be easy to cause vehicle in brake The inconsistent situation of two sides driving capability is generated, i.e. left and right wheels tie up to the distance difference exercised in same time, make vehicle to row Make few side deflection, and vehicle is made to be in the uncontrollable state of deflecting, in turn, the uncontrollable deflecting of vehicle is easy to cause accident to send out It is raw.It is readily apparent that such vehicle is got rid of poverty, and system is very easy to generate the traveling appearance to swing on wet and slippery section State.Especially, for example it is assumed that two, left side wheel is stranded, this kind of system of getting rid of poverty can generate such driving method, and the two of the left side A wheel is braked, and two wheels driving on the right, the original place that can generate vehicle is spinned, and is likely to result in vehicle and is fallen into more Uncontrollable condition.

Chinese patent literature CN105730416A discloses a kind of vehicle and gets rid of poverty self-help apparatus, realizes and utilizes wheel for motor vehicle Power output is driven, and is made vehicle in the case where the frictional force on tire and ground can not allow vehicle to get rid of poverty, is directly changed into The tractive force of rope and save oneself, so that vehicle be made easily to get rid of poverty.As previously mentioned, such escaping apparatus needs are fallen into vehicle It is temporarily installed on wheel after predicament, when for example falling among miriness, installation can inherently encounter many difficulties, even Can not, such as all fallen among miriness below entire wheel wheel shaft, there is one kind in the installation of this kind of escaping apparatus at this time Irrealizable state.

Chinese patent literature CN303068817S then discloses a rescuing plate for vehicles, and application method is to fill out rescuing plate Under the wheel for entering skidding, the joint surface engaged with wheel with certain enabling capabilities and friction, capability is provided, so that vehicle is de- It is tired.For rescuing plate once using, recycling is often relatively difficult, and especially in muddy scene, the recycling of rescuing plate is by mud Muddy itself and the influence that rolls, recycling can be relatively difficult.

Chinese patent literature CN202063119U discloses a kind of escape machine for vehicle, realizes when vehicle sinks into tunnel, silt When stranded in ground, vehicle is risen with vehicle-mounted jack up unit (such as jack, air cushion) and is raised to appropriate height, then by the escape machine It is placed in the lower section of stranded wheel load-bearing axle, uses lock pin lock support frame after adjustment height is suitable, then removal jack up unit, it is mobile Vehicle makes the stranded area of vehicle derailing.When encountering Special Road, folding backing plate is placed in below escape machine idler wheel, side Help vehicle derailing predicament.Also escaping apparatus as the aforementioned is similar for such escaping apparatus, needs temporarily to install, inevitably by To the influence of stranded environment.Especially, vehicle-mounted jack up unit is needed to assist, however, in the stranded many environment of vehicle not It is suitble to the weaker environment of the support forces such as the use of vehicle-mounted jack up unit, such as silt.

Chinese patent literature CN102828479A proposes the concept of movable wheel, is embodied in moveable wheel assembly, Its side that movable wheel is reached to carbody by two arm joints, and moveable wheel assembly is also equipped with supporting leg, so that The wheel changes height and position and lateral position.This moveable wheel assembly is conducive to adjust in the case of vehicle encounters obstacle Wheel position is saved, consequently facilitating vehicle is got rid of poverty.However, spiral arm is relatively long, therefore in fact to the movable wheel that side overhangs The enabling capabilities on border are very limited, and to will lead to Frame Load unbalanced to side biasing.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of spare driving devices of vehicle, for improving passing through for vehicle Ability, and operate relatively convenient.Meanwhile the present invention also provides a kind of vehicles using the spare driving device of the vehicle.

Embodiment according to the present invention provides a kind of spare driving device of vehicle, comprising:

Main frame body, the installation for the spare driving device of the vehicle in carriage frame tail portion；

Rotating mechanism, using main frame body as rack, and the rotating mechanism includes the pivoted arm that one end is assemblied in rack by shaft, And the driving device of driving pivoted arm rotation, wherein the axis of shaft is parallel to the transverse direction of vehicle and is horizontally disposed with；

Tire assembly is directly or indirectly assemblied in the other end of pivoted arm；And

Drive assembly, the driving for tire assembly；

Wherein, the driving device is assemblied on main frame body, is configured to the driving device with planetary reducer.

The above-mentioned spare driving device of vehicle optionally includes: for rotating mechanism and the structure that tire assembly assembles indirectly

Rotating arm overhangs from pivoted arm to side or connects rotating arm axially through revolute pair in pivoted arm；

Angle driving device is arranged on pivoted arm, and output end directly or indirectly connects rotating arm, to drive rotation Arm is rotated around tumbler shaft line；And

Corner control structure configures on pivoted arm, for constraining rotating arm corner.

Optionally, the angle driving device includes:

Mandrel is installed in by revolute pair on the pivoted arm of the mandrel common axis, which is used as angle driving device Output end；

First driving mechanism, output end connect the mandrel, to drive mandrel to turn round around the axis of the mandrel.

Optionally, the end that rotating arm overhangs is equipped with the first articulated section, and the second articulated section is equipped on mandrel, the first hinge Socket part is parallel with the hinge shaft axis of the second articulated section, and vertical with mandrel axis；

Correspondingly, the second driving mechanism is set, which is mounted on mandrel by the second articulated section, and should The output end of second driving mechanism is connected to rotating arm by the first articulated section, with the folder of axis and mandrel axis to rotating arm Angle is adjusted.

Optionally, second driving mechanism is straight line driving mechanism, the straight line driving mechanism and rotating arm and mandrel structure At triangle assembly.

Optionally, second driving mechanism is oil cylinder, and the cylinder body of the oil cylinder is articulated with mandrel, and push rod is articulated with rotation Arm.

Optionally, the drive assembly includes that the power introducing structure of frame side is arranged in；

Correspondingly, pivoted arm, rotating arm and mandrel are pipe axle construction, for laying drive shaft system in pipe axis, rely on and pass Moving axis system, power introduce the wheel axis connection of structure and tire assembly；

In turn, be configured for use as mandrel and corner adapting mechanism that rotating arm is indirectly connected with, for drive shaft system mandrel with Angles shifts adaptation between rotating arm.

Optionally, the corner adapting mechanism includes:

First switching gear set, the transmission of second driving shaft and first gear between centers for being positioned partially in mandrel, The axis of the first gear axis is vertical with mandrel axis；

Second switching gear set, third transmission shaft and second gear axis for being partially or entirely located in rotating arm Between transmission, the axis of the second gear axis and the axis of rotating arm are vertical, and parallel with the axis of first gear axis；

Spur gear group, the transmission for first gear axis and second gear between centers.

Optionally, the connection in drive shaft system for orthogonal transmission between centers is bevel gear of the configuration in corresponding shaft end Engagement；

It the shaft end of transmission shaft where being used as the bevel gear of drive bevel gear in the bevel gear accordingly engaged, should equipped with asessory shaft Asessory shaft and corresponding transmission shaft coaxial line, and one end is fixedly connected with corresponding transmission shaft, the other end is assemblied in accordingly by bearing In pipe axis.

Optionally, drive assembly configuration is in tire assembly side.

Optionally, pivoted arm is configured to pipe axis, probes into arbor portions in the tube shell of pivoted arm and forms rolling by bearing Revolute pair；

First driving mechanism is the first worm gear mechanism, wherein the Cover For A Turbine of the first worm gear mechanism is on mandrel And it is circumferentially fixed, worm screw and its driving are assemblied on pivoted arm.

Optionally, corner control structure configuration includes

First structure: it follows the first part of mandrel rotation and is mounted on pivoted arm to turn to predetermined angle in first part The second part of Du Hou locking first part；

Second structure: being mounted on pivoted arm, and sampling end acts on the corner sample unit of mandrel；Or

Third structure: stop control structure of the configuration on angle driving device.

Optionally, first structure is configured that

Electric pushrod is set on mandrel and is connected to the limit lock ring that electric pushrod is axially pushed in mandrel；

The meshing part engaged in given angle with limit lock ring is equipped on pivoted arm.

Optionally, the shaft is pipe axis, and drive assembly is used in pipe central siphon in the laying of shaft section drive part；

Correspondingly, the sun wheel shaft of planetary reducer and the shaft coaxial line, and it is also configured as pipe axis.

Optionally, the prime mechanism of planetary reducer is worm gear mechanism, the worm gear shaft and sun wheel shaft of adaptation Coaxial line, and it is configured to pipe axis.

Optionally, the main support is the horizontal frame body in carriage frame tail portion, and main support have it is multiple to after vehicle The vertical plate of Fang Yanshen；

Wherein adjacent pair vertical plate is respectively furnished with a bearing block for shaft installation, and is between the bearing block and vertical plate Releasable connection.

It optionally, is the releasable connection based on flanged joint between pivoted arm and shaft, wherein the axis of flange is the one of shaft Radial line.

Embodiment according to the present invention additionally provides one kind in vehicle frame tail portion and is equipped with the spare drive of foregoing vehicle The vehicle of dynamic device.

Above-mentioned vehicle, optionally, each vehicle are set there are two the spare driving device of vehicle, in tail portion of vehicle or so pair It sets.

Optionally, the shaft of the spare driving device of two vehicles shares a drive assembly.

Embodiment according to the present invention can be incited somebody to action in the spare driving device of the standing vehicle in vehicle frame rear end by rotating mechanism Tire assembly puts down or packs up, and as mechanism element, the control terminal put down or packed up can join collection to driver's cabin, conveniently Operation, even manual folding and unfolding, also because mechanism element part be already installed on vehicle frame, operation difficulty also can substantially under Drop.And it is tire assembly configuration driven assembly, can drives as standby, to increase the driving capability of vehicle when putting down, mention The passability of high vehicle.Planetary reducer is small in size, large carrying capacity, meets the application of big load (car weight load).

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is a kind of pivoted arm power mechanism schematic diagram in an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is pivoted arm schematic view of the front view in an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the part backsight structural representation corresponding to Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is swing boom configuration schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is second driving shaft and third transmission shaft exchanging structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is rotating arm and tire assembly attachment structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is the spare driving device structure schematic diagram of vehicle in an embodiment.

Fig. 8 is spare driving device down state schematic view of the front view.

Fig. 9 is the left view structural representation corresponding to Fig. 8.

Figure 10 is spare driving device collapsed state schematic view of the front view.

Figure 11 is the left view structural representation corresponding to Figure 10.

Figure 12 is tire assembly status diagram in a conversion process.

Figure 13 is tire assembly status diagram in another conversion process.

Figure 14 is another spare driving device collapsed state or mid-switch state left view structural representation.

Figure 15 ~ Figure 17 sequentially indicates three states that tire assembly is rotated around second driving shaft.

Figure 18 ~ Figure 20 sequentially illustrates three states that pivoted arm cooperation oil cylinder operates tire assembly.

In figure: 1. fixed brackets, 2. fixed disks, 3. bearings, 4. bearings, 5. asessory shafts, 6. bolts, 7. pivoted housings, 8. connections Seat, 9. pivoted arms, 10. bevel gears, 11. first transmission shafts, 12. sleeves, 13. bearings, 14. planetary reducers, 15. worm gears, 16. worm screw, 17. worm seats.

18. connector sleeve, 19. second driving shafts, 20. bearings, 21. mandrel pedestals, 22. motors, 23. worm screws, 24. worm gears, 25. limiting lock ring, 26. rotating arm pedestals, 27. connecting plates, 28. oil cylinders, 29. pin shafts, 30. mandrels.

31. motor, 32. electric pushrods.

33. bearing, 34. third transmission shafts, 35. rotating arms, 36. wheelboss flanges, 37. swing attachment base, 38. bearings.

39. second driving shaft output gear, 40. asessory shafts, 41. flanges, 42. asessory shafts, 43. second switching bevel gears, 44. driven gear shaft of transferring, 45. the second spur gears of switching, 46. the first spur gears of switching, 47. switching driving gear shafts, 48. the One switching bevel gear.

49. asessory shaft, 50. wheel shaft bevel gears, 51. connecting bushings, 52. wheel shafts, 53. wheel hubs, 54. tires.

55. vehicle.

Specific embodiment

In conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail, is exemplary by reference to the embodiment that attached drawing describes, For explaining only the invention, limitation of the present invention cannot be considered as.

In present invention, it is desirable to explanation, term " on ", "lower", " left, right ", the orientation or position of the instructions such as " interior, outer " Setting relationship is orientation based on the figure and positional relationship, is merely for convenience of the description present invention or simplifies description, rather than The device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore cannot It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", the words such as " second " are used for description purposes only, and should not be understood as Indication or suggestion relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " even Connect " it shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection or integral structure；It can be machine Tool connection, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be and be directly connected to, be also possible to being indirectly connected with by intermediary, can be two Connection inside a element.For a person skilled in the art, can regard concrete condition understands above-mentioned term in the present invention In concrete meaning.

In addition, on its chassis, the vehicle frame on chassis is based on running gear and has bright the referential on basis for vehicle 55 True front and rear, left and right, and the vehicle frame for being equipped with beam, the beam of front-rear direction setting are known as stringer, the beam of left and right directions setting Referred to as crossbeam.Unless there are additional explanation, below done in description by basis referential on the basis of.

A kind of first state that the spare driving device of vehicle shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 is packed up, the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly Axis is longitudinal parallel with vehicle frame, and Figure 14 then shows another first state that the spare driving device of vehicle is packed up, and tire is total At wheel shaft 52 axis and vehicle frame it is horizontally-parallel.For structure shown in Figure 14, when tire assembly is lowered, tire 54 are consistent with the layout of the tire of the running gear of vehicle 55.And for structure shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, tire assembly exists In vertical plane when decentralization, the axis of the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly is vertical with the axis of the tire of the running gear of vehicle 55, needs at this time Wanting wheel shaft 52, matched 90 degree of rotation can be parallel to each other with the axis of the tire on the running gear of vehicle 55 again, for common Drive the enforcement of vehicle 55.

The two states and offroad vehicle that driving device spare for vehicle shown in Figure 11 and Figure 14 is packed up on vehicle 55 Spare tire holding structure it is similar, for large-scale offroad vehicle, spare tyre may place spare tyre using state as shown in figure 14, and For smaller offroad vehicle, the modes of emplacement on vehicle 55 of spare tyre is then similar with structure shown in Figure 11.

Well known, since spare tyre self weight is relatively small, spare wheel carrier is not directly installed on usually on the vehicle frame of vehicle 55, but It is mounted on the case cover of vehicle 55.And in the present invention, the spare driving device of vehicle is in specific road conditions or item of getting rid of poverty As a part of running gear under part, need to carry bigger load, therefore, it is necessary to marry again its load on vehicle frame.

Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 then shows a kind of state that the spare driving device of vehicle is put down, referred to as the second state, after putting down, vehicle Spare driving device is configured to a part of the running gear of vehicle 55, participates in the driving of vehicle 55.

The running gear of the axis and vehicle 55 of the wheel shaft 52 of the tire assembly of the spare driving device of vehicle in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 It is horizontally-parallel, but the condition variability in view of for example getting rid of poverty, the configuration mode of the tire assembly of vehicle 55 is not necessarily de- The optimal selection of tired condition, for this purpose, in the structure shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, for condition of specifically getting rid of poverty, vehicle can be made The tire assembly of spare driving device and the transverse direction of vehicle 55 are angled in vertical plane.

Although in figure 12 and figure 13, running gear of the supporting surface of the tire assembly of the spare driving device of vehicle than vehicle 55 Want higher, however, in practical application, such as when vehicle 55 gets into a difficult position, the tire in the running gear of vehicle 55 is often Meeting part is fallen into, and required additional support exactly can be relatively high.

First state shown in Figure 11 is to turn to the technical conditions that the transformation of Fig. 8 and the second state shown in Fig. 9 is relied on It is dynamic, it is that pivoted arm 9 rotates clockwise 90 degree (Fig. 7) first with reference to Figure 11 and Fig. 7, pivoted arm 9 is in approximate horizontal and and vehicle The parallel state in 55 longitudinal direction, the axis of the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly is longitudinal parallel with the vehicle frame of vehicle 55, then rotating arm 35 rotate 90 degree around the axis of pivoted arm 9, make the horizontally-parallel of the axis of the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly and the vehicle frame of vehicle 5, as Fig. 8 and state shown in Fig. 9.

In addition, the spare driving device of vehicle necessarily includes drive assembly, drive assembly needs to consider the technology of two aspects Content, first is that the position that drive assembly power introduces, which can pass through pivoted housing at fixed bracket 1 as shown in Figure 1 7 central siphon introduces, and the first transmission shaft 11 is arranged in central siphon.The position can also be other positions of the spare driving device of vehicle It sets, closer to tire assembly, the transmission link of drive assembly is fewer for position, but because there are multiple rotatable parts for centre, if The former dynamic component of drive assembly is electrical components or the component that surges, especially electrical components, then is not related to intermediate transmission link, And only need to consider the setting of cable or fluid path.If the former dynamic component of drive assembly be vehicle frame on mechanical driving part or Person is independent to be arranged on vehicle frame, then needs to consider machine driving there are the configurations of the structure of multiple rocking links.

The second aspect of drive assembly has been directed in content above-mentioned, that is, the design difficulty problem being driven to the greatest extent may be used It can be reduced transmission link, and be adapted as far as possible with the mechanical structure of rotating mechanism.

To realize above-mentioned state transformation process, implement according to preferred embodiment shown in Figure of description and its substitution Example is described as follows the structure of spare driving device:

Fig. 1 shows the support of pivoted arm 9, driving, and be configured under the conditions of pipe axis for drive assembly in the figure Part mounting structure.About pivoted arm 9, pivoted housing 7 is relied on, is perpendicular to being fixedly connected for pivoted housing 7, to construct 9 turns of pivoted arm Dynamic shaft.

Pivoted housing 7 in figure is external member, and pipe axis is configured to when using as axis, and pipe axle construction mainly has both sides to apply, On the one hand be cross sectional area under the same conditions, the Torsion Section coefficient ratio of pipe axis is larger, on the other hand be then that pipe axis is deposited The space in pipe can be used for the installation of other components, for example, in figure the first transmission shaft 11 and asessory shaft 5 installation.

In Fig. 1, the pivoted housing 7 as shaft is installed on fixed bracket 1 shown in figure, and fixed bracket 1 is that vehicle is spare The main frame body of driving device.In Fig. 1, the lower part of fixed bracket 1 is the position that the fixation bracket 1 is connect with vehicle frame tail portion.In figure, The axial direction of first transmission shaft 11 is the transverse direction of 55 vehicle frame of vehicle, and the up and down direction in figure is the longitudinal direction of vehicle frame, then determined by The swing path of pivoted arm 9 is in the vertical plane perpendicular to the first transmission shaft 11.

Fixed referential of the bracket 1 based on basis, is a transverse strands, the lower end in Fig. 1 passes through welding or spiral shell It tethers and connects the tail portion for being mounted on vehicle frame, then extend back several frame plates, the normal and pivoted housing 7 of frame plate and the first transmission The axis of axis 11 is parallel, for installation of these components on fixed bracket 1.

In Fig. 1, pivoted housing 7 is mounted on fixed bracket 1 by two bearing blocks, and two bearing blocks are shown in figure solid Price fixing 2.It is a kind of connection type similar to flange between fixed disk 2 and frame plate.The upper surface of fixed disk 2 is provided with bearing saddle bore, Assembly for bearing 3.

After pivoted housing 7 is supported by bearing 3, there is turning power, and pivoted housing 7 is connect further through attachment base 8 with pivoted arm 9, is turned The rotation of set 7, shows as the swing around 7 axis of pivoted housing on pivoted arm 9.

The driving of pivoted housing 7 uses planetary reducer 14 as shown in Figure 1, and planetary reducer 14 belongs to heavy duty Retarder has the characteristics that power density ratio is larger, advantageously reduces the spare driving device of vehicle in the subsequent assembly of vehicle frame and exists The size of vehicle frame longitudinal direction.

Pivoted housing 7 can be using the independent power independently of 55 engine of vehicle, in planetary reducer 14 in figure Right end is configured with worm gear mechanism, provides the power of the rotation of pivoted housing 7.

Worm gear mechanism, although offroad vehicle is generally gasoline car or diesel vehicle, can generally be had by motor drag There is battery, since the rotation of pivoted housing 7 is mainly used to adjust the corner of pivoted arm 9, rather than lasting driving, whole energy consumption is not It is high.

In addition, such as oil cylinder 28 is also equipped in the spare driving device of vehicle, therefore, in vehicle 55 or the spare drive of vehicle Such as hydraulic pump or hydraulic station are needed to configure on dynamic device, therefore, worm gear mechanism can also use such as hydraulic motor Driving.

In the structure shown in Figure 14, tire assembly can directly be driven by pivoted arm 9, after putting down, the wheel of tire assembly The axis of axis 52 is the transverse direction of vehicle frame.

Tire assembly is found in attached drawing 6, and in figure, wheel shaft 52 is horizontal structure, is hung down by the connecting bushing 51 of a transverse direction Directly it is connected to lower end in the figure of rotating arm 35.

Connecting bushing 51 is cannula structure, and inside constitutes the breast piece of tire assembly for wheel shaft to be arranged.

The wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly is mounted in connecting bushing 51 by bearing, and wheel shaft 52 is exported and taken turns shown in connection figure Hub 53 uses flanged joint between wheel hub 53 and tire 54.

Fig. 6 is equivalent to the top of Fig. 7, and from the point of view of the overall structure of Fig. 7, there is no configuration shock-damping structures, but one In a little embodiments, oil cylinder 28 shown in figure can be used as shock-damping structure to a certain extent.Mainly mesh is being used to get rid of poverty Application in, shock-damping structure can be omitted.If the running gear common six with vehicle 55 drives running gear, can be with tire assembly institute Position configure suspension frame structure.Essence is as shown in fig. 6, the wheel semiaxis ratio that steering system matches on connecting bushing 51 and vehicle It is relatively similar, there is the foundation structure of configuration suspension frame structure in this structure.

When transforming to the second state, the operation of simple pivoted arm 9 is not enough to full first state shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 Therefore this transformation of foot is adapted to this transformation, need further to configure rotating arm 35, between pivoted arm 9 and tire assembly It connects in succession.

Rotating arm 35 is also that a kind of pipe axle construction is in Fig. 6 with pivoted arm 9 in Fig. 7 and in structure shown in fig. 6 Rack constructs the revolute pair around 9 axis rotation of pivoted arm, can be directly connected between pivoted arm 9 and rotating arm 35, can also add it He is indirectly connected in structure realization, and attached structure is related to two parts, and a part is component revolute pair and the building revolute pair Component between realize the component of rotation, another part is the auxiliary body configured if necessary, connecting plate 27 as shown in Figure 4 Structure involved in locating.

Referring to specification 2 ~ 7, pivoted arm 9 is a pipe axle construction in figure, due to not considering the transmission of such as pivoted arm 9 itself, Pivot structure is it can be appreciated that be sleeve pipe structure.It should be appreciated that such as pivoted arm 9, it is special that term name is only used for differentiation technology Sign, without the concrete restriction to its structure, structure is still by the concrete restriction that it is described.

Pipe axle construction is conducive to construct revolute pair, and as shown in figs. 2 and 7, shaft part of the pivoted arm 9 by the position of figure middle and upper part is formed One bearing block, mandrel 30 is assemblied on the bearing block by a pair of bearings can be around the axis rotation of pivoted arm 9.So carry Also just has the freedom degree around 9 axis rotation of pivoted arm in the rotating arm 35 on mandrel 30, thus perpendicular to 9 axis of pivoted arm In plane, the state horizontally-parallel with the vehicle frame of vehicle 55 can be adjusted to the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly by rotating arm 35.

Be subject to it is matched, rotating arm 35 and pivoted arm 9 there are the relationship in two kinds of orientation, one as shown in Fig. 2, its in pivoted arm 9 axial direction connects pivoted arm 9 by mandrel assembly, connecting plate assembly, and in some embodiments, rotating arm 35 is directly connected to take turns Tire assembly with this condition, needs rotating arm 35 to prolong to the side of pivoted arm 9 without regard to connecting bushing 51 shown in Fig. 6 It stretches, the axis for being perpendicular to pivoted arm 9 in some embodiments extends to the side of pivoted arm 9.

The driving of rotating arm 35, the driving of movable part, such as drive to mandrel 30 as in revolute pair involved in leading portion It is dynamic.Specific configuration structure is between pivoted arm 9 and mandrel pedestal 21 with shell structure using flanged joint, mandrel pedestal 21 Shell there is stepped hole, provide a shoulder, the assembly as bearing 20, mandrel 30 is then assemblied in mandrel base by bearing 20 On seat 21.

30 housing worm gear 24 of mandrel between the two using key connection, and then is set to turbine 24 on mandrel pedestal 21 and nibbles The worm screw 23 of conjunction, worm screw 23 are then dragged by motor 22.

In some embodiments, mandrel 30 can configure spur gear, mandrel pedestal 21 side setting output gear with The spur gear meshed gears transmission mechanism, gear drive can be by motor drag.

Rotating arm 35 is loaded on mandrel 30 and dragged, is generated the corner around 9 axis of pivoted arm, is a kind of expectation in Figure 15 State, need the corner of rotating arm 35 to reach 90 degree, in the state of ideal, need rotating arm 35 to be in controllable and reach this The rotation process of corner, while keep the corner state in which well.

In some embodiments, it is desirable to provide effective limit of corner.In some embodiments, it is directly carried out at driving end Limit, such as the former dynamic component of the angle driving device for driving mandrel 30 to rotate can use 90 degree of oscillating oil cylinders, be based on Effective control of corner is realized in the stop control of oscillating oil cylinder.

In turn, in a preferred embodiment, not being about corner is the stepless changing within the scope of 90 degree, adjusts more class It is similar to the stop control of such as oscillating cylinder, therefore, in some embodiments, can realize corner control using 90 degree of sector gears System.

Transmission chain in addition to the control of angle driving device itself, for angle driving device and the transmission connection of rotating arm 35 In running part can choose for corner control structure.It is assumed that using the angle driving device of sector wheel and rack, it can To carry out the control that stroke limit realizes crank degree to rack gear.

In some embodiments, corner control can be controlled using closed-loop system, and the sampling end of closed-loop system can be adopted The corner of such as mandrel 30 is sampled with such as rotary encoder.It is then fed into such as vehicle-mounted ECU, is exported and is controlled by vehicle-mounted ECU Make the revolution or corner of such as motor.

Rotary encoder cost structure can choose the low-down potentiometer of cost since angle range is smaller to sample Such as the corner of mandrel 30.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, a limit lock ring 25, the limiting lock are equipped on mandrel pedestal 21 Only ring 25 and mandrel pedestal 21 are sliding limit connection, and electric pushrod 32 is fixedly connected with mandrel pedestal 21 by mounting plate, electricity The motion bar of dynamic push rod 32 is fixedly connected with limit lock ring 25, and the movement of electric pushrod 32 can make limiting lock stop ring 25 along core Axis pedestal 21 is axially moved, and limit lock ring 25 can be engaged with rotating arm pedestal 26, is realized to rotating arm pedestal 26 with respect to core The locking of axis pedestal 21 rotates.

In structure shown in Fig. 4, the angle of rotating arm 35 and pivoted arm 9 be it is adjustable, rotating arm 34 is under the right end of Fig. 4 Portion is equipped with the first articulated section, and a rotating arm pedestal 26 is equipped on mandrel 30, is equipped with the second hinge in the rotating arm pedestal 26 Socket part, the first articulated section is parallel with the hinge shaft axis of the second articulated section, and vertical with mandrel axis, specific such as oil cylinder 28 in Fig. 4 The pin shaft position at both ends.

Correspondingly, the second driving mechanism, oil cylinder 28 as shown in Figure 4 are set, which passes through the second hinge Socket part is mounted on core, and on 30, and the output end of second driving mechanism is connected to rotating arm 35 by the first articulated section, to rotation The axis of pivoted arm 35 and the angle of 30 axis of mandrel are adjusted.

Oil cylinder 28 is that most simple most direct linear drives component can also use linear motor in some embodiments Oil cylinder 28 is substituted, to generate required linear motion.

Rotating arm 35 generated in Fig. 4 rotation axis be the upper left corner gear shaft, which is also the biography of drive assembly Dynamic part.With each articulated shaft at 28 both ends of axis and oil cylinder of gear shaft construction, constitutes one and be about triangle Structure, the length on a side of the oil cylinder 28 to adjust the triangular structure, to generate the swing of rotating arm 35.

Rotating arm 35 can have Figure 18 ~ Figure 20 state under the action of oil cylinder 28, in Figure 18, rotating arm 35 and pivoted arm 9 angle be slightly larger than 90 degree, the angle further increases in Figure 19, in Figure 20 the angle also as pivoted arm 9 variation and change, The larger range of adjustment of the angle can be obtained.The variation of the angle can adjust the bearing height of tire assembly.

Figure 15 ~ Figure 17 is then related to the adjustment that rotating arm 35 is rotated with mandrel 30 around 9 axis of pivoted arm, Figure 15 be tire assembly just Normal state, Figure 15 and Figure 16 are then related to that tire assembly is made to obtain the good drive under the specific environment in specific environment Kinetic force.

About the driving of tire assembly, it is configured to drive assembly, because total frame body that tire assembly is relied on includes multiple Activity link, therefore, it may be desirable to avoid these interference of activity link to drive assembly normal driving.

For the drive part in vehicle 55, gear drive is generallyd use, gear-driven accuracy is high, the precision assembled to it It is required that it is also relatively high, such as a small amount of variation of tip clearance and backlash, it can all cause transmission environment to become very severe.And As shown in fig. 7, the first transmission shaft 11 and second driving shaft 19, second driving shaft 19 and the gear in connecting plate assembly, connecting plate Gear train in assembly, the transmission between connecting plate assembly and third transmission shaft 34 and third transmission shaft 34 and wheel shaft 52, It is gear drive.For certain activity links, no that such as gear drive generates too much influence, such as pivoted arm 9 for itself With the active link between rotating arm 35, gear shaft, such as second driving shaft 19 or third transmission shaft 34 can be with rotating arms 35 rotation and generate adaptive rotation, when rotating arm 35 have as Figure 18 ~ Figure 20 adjustment when, it is necessary to drive assembly Running part make adaptation structure design.

A kind of introducing position of drive assembly, i.e. the first transmission shaft by being assemblied in fixed 1 side of bracket are given in Fig. 1 11 introduce, and are purely mechanic transmission chain forms.Under this structural condition, the main body of transmission chain is each transmission shaft, and adaptation It is adapted in the position that drive shaft axis converts using bevel gear in the gear of transmission shaft end.

Transmission shaft is laid in the structure shown in figure put down or packed up for tire assembly, is specifically for example turned Set 7, pivoted arm 9, mandrel 30, rotating arm 35 etc. are each configured to pipe axis or sleeve pipe structure, and the transmission shaft of adaptation is installed by bearing In corresponding pipe axis or pipe sleeve, additional assembly space is prevented take up.

Such as the configuration of pivoted housing 7 and 9 junction transmission chain of pivoted arm, it is specific as shown in Figure 1, the axis of pivoted housing 7 and pivoted arm 9 hangs down Directly, pivoted arm 9 is assemblied on pivoted housing 7 by attachment base 8, and pivoted arm 9 and pivoted housing 7 are sleeve pipe structure, and the two connects to form a class It is similar to the structure of threeway.Attachment base 8 then provides the flanged joint seat for forming three-port structure.

In Fig. 1, the axis of the first transmission shaft 11 is parallel to the transverse direction of 55 vehicle frame of vehicle, and pivoted arm 9 is then passed perpendicular to first It is swung in the vertical plane of 11 axis of moving axis, the output end of the first transmission shaft 11 is furnished with bevel gear 10, is adapted to, and pivoted arm is located at Then it is furnished with the bevel gear engaged with bevel gear 10 in lower end of the second driving shaft 19 in Fig. 2 in 9.

Transmission chain based on purely mechanic transmission can deposit specific knot in structure design in the node where connecting plate assembly Structure is that the angle between third transmission shaft 34 and second driving shaft 19 can generate variation, and connecting plate assembly is to be adapted to the angle The connection of drive assembly here under the conditions of degree variation.

Specifically: referring to Figure of description 5, in figure, second driving shaft 19 is introduced from downside, and shaft end has second driving shaft Output gear 39 is additionally provided with a switching driving gear shaft 47 in the lower part of Fig. 5, the left end of the switching driving gear shaft 47 be furnished with The first switching bevel gear 48 that second driving shaft output gear 39 engages, right end are equipped with the first spur gear 46 of switching.

On the top of Fig. 5 equipped with switching driven gear shaft 44, the axis and switching driving tooth of the switching driven gear shaft 44 Wheel shaft 47 is parallel, and the right end of the switching driven gear shaft 44 is equipped with the switching second engaged with the first spur gear 46 of switching directly Gear 45, left end are then equipped with the second switching bevel gear 43, and the second switching bevel gear 43 is then with third transmission shaft 34 on a left side of Fig. 7 The engagement of end cone gear.

Third transmission shaft 34 forms the rotation for showing that the driven gear shaft 44 of the switching in Fig. 5 is pivot center greatly, passes through two The adaptation of a switching spur gear can still can when the angle of third transmission shaft 34 and second driving shaft 19 generates variation It is enough to realize correctly transmission.

Generally speaking, connecting plate is always shaped to the gear-box substantially with connecting plate 27 for cabinet main body.

It should be appreciated that it is adapted to the folding and unfolding of the spare driving device of vehicle shown in Figure 11 in embodiment shown in Fig. 7, for Such as in embodiment shown in Figure 14, since some elements can be omitted, such as rotating arm 35, connecting plate assembly can also be with It omits.

In addition, on the one hand the former dynamic component of drive assembly can be led directly from the running gear of vehicle, on the other hand may be used Independent engine is configured with tail gas, the latter needs to consider that tire assembly and the revolving speed of tire assembly in 55 running gear of vehicle match Problem.

On the one hand the design of independent power machine or former dynamic component, position selection can be directly allocated to shown in Fig. 1 The first transmission shaft 11, on the other hand, may be used to the installation of engine in the breast piece for tire assembly folding and unfolding, only It is but the connection introduced about soft power, or the introducing of rigid power, if engine is motor, from vehicle 55 Battery the motor is connected by cable, and if engine is hydraulic motor, configure hydraulic station on vehicle 55 Or individual hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder are hard tube mostly, can also use hose in some applications, thus to the spare drive of vehicle The activity link of dynamic device has relatively good adaptability.

In the structure shown in figure 7, oil cylinder 28 is necessarily required to introduce hydraulic tube, and oil cylinder 28 and tire assembly are being driven It is very close on chain level, under conditions of oil cylinder 28 configures hydraulic tube, by can be direct as the hydraulic motor of engine In tire assembly side, the output shaft of hydraulic motor is directly connected to the wheel shaft 52 of tire assembly, or is connected by retarder for configuration Wheel shaft 52.

The revolving speed of hydraulic motor and the conveying speed of hydraulic tube are positively correlated, therefore, total with the tire in vehicle driving system At speeds match it is also easy to accomplish.

Meanwhile if being set up directly on the structure of tire assembly side using hydraulic motor, drive shaft system be can be omitted, from And design difficulty can be greatly reduced.Especially connecting plate assembly, can be omitted completely.

Engine can also configure in such as intermediate link of this folding and unfolding of mandrel pedestal 21, such as in mandrel pedestal 21 Side engine is set, by spur gear group for transmission between power machine output shaft and second driving shaft.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, it is driven the transmission of between centers using Bevel Gear Transmission, one for adjacent drive between centers To bevel gear, as shown in fig. 6, drive bevel gear is the bevel gear of 35 lower end of third transmission shaft in Fig. 6, driven wheel of differential is in figure The wheel shaft bevel gears 50 identified, the two are formed by chamber in the connection of more than 35 connecting bushing 51 of rotating arm, and bevel gear is passing Moving axis end or axle end be all it is hanging, the support that bearing as shown in Figure 6 provides is as it can be seen that related bevel gear is suspended on axis Except holding.

In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. 6, the wheel shaft 52 as driven shaft passes through right end of the asessory shaft 49 in its figure Further extend, extend on the shell of the chamber, a bearing is arranged, becomes the overhanging of the bevel gear of 52 right end of wheel shaft as both ends branch Support, to improve the enabling capabilities of bevel gear.

The diameter of axle of asessory shaft 49 is less than wheel shaft 52, to reduce the assembly and lubrication of the presence interference bevel gear of asessory shaft 49.

The preferred Profile Connection of connection between asessory shaft 49 and wheel shaft 52, such as square hole is opened up in the right side of wheel shaft 52, The left end of asessory shaft 49 is square shaft, the two by type face shape formed lock and.

In some embodiments, hole, asessory shaft are opened up in wheel shaft 52 using interference fit between asessory shaft 49 and wheel shaft 52 49 are arranged axis, use interference fit between axis hole.

In Fig. 5, asessory shaft 40 is also disposed on the switching driving gear shaft 47 as driven shaft, and asessory shaft 42 then fills It fits on the switching driven gear shaft 44 as driving shaft.

In Fig. 1, asessory shaft 5 is assemblied on the first transmission shaft 11 as driving shaft.

Driving shaft is arranged in asessory shaft or driven shaft depends primarily on the length of reference axis overhanging, in contrast, overhangs When longer, shaft end is easy to produce flexure, and influences gear-driven precision.

About the introducing of the spare driving device power of vehicle, in Fig. 1, passes through the first transmission shaft 11 and introduce, the first transmission shaft 11 be the longer axis that compares.Needing the perforative component of the first transmission shaft 11 further includes planetary gear reduction shown in Fig. 1 Fast device 14, the solar shaft of planetary reducer 14 be pipe axis, the first transmission shaft 11 from solar shaft axially across.

Planetary reducer 14 purchases finished product, and solar shaft is unsuitable for reprocessing, therefore, is not suitable for setting in solar shaft Bearing is set, bearing 13, the support for the first transmission shaft 11 can be set for the left end of planetary reducer 14 in figure.

Independent bearing block also can be set in the leading-in end of the first transmission shaft 11.

Planetary reducer 14 is dragged by worm gear mechanism shown in figure, and wherein worm screw 16 is furnished with independent worm screw Seat 17, worm seat 17 can be fixed on the shell of planetary reducer 14, can also be fixed on fixed branch shown in figure On frame 1.Worm gear 15 is then sleeved on solar shaft, can be using key connection between solar shaft.

About setting quantity of the spare driving device of vehicle on vehicle 55, it is disposed as two in a preferred embodiment It is a, the maximum driving force of 55 left and right sides of vehicle can be made roughly the same.

Two spare driving devices of vehicle can share an engine or power assembly, as shown in figure 9, in figure, two 11 coaxial line of the first transmission shaft of a spare driving device of vehicle, being arranged one in the tail portion of vehicle 55 has the output of left and right two The transfer case of axis is accordingly connect with the first transmission shaft of place side 11.

Claims

1. a kind of spare driving device of vehicle characterized by comprising

Rotating mechanism, using main frame body as rack, and the rotating mechanism includes the pivoted arm that one end is assemblied in rack by shaft, and The driving device of pivoted arm rotation is driven, wherein the axis of shaft is parallel to the transverse direction of vehicle and is horizontally disposed with；

Drive assembly, the driving for tire assembly；

Wherein, the driving device is assemblied on main frame body, is configured to the driving device with planetary reducer；

Include: for rotating mechanism and the structure that tire assembly assembles indirectly

Angle driving device is arranged on pivoted arm, and output end directly or indirectly connects rotating arm, with drive rotating arm around The rotation of pivoted arm axis；And

2. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the angle driving device includes:

Mandrel is installed in by revolute pair on the pivoted arm of the mandrel common axis, which is used as the defeated of angle driving device Outlet；

3. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the end that rotating arm overhangs is equipped with first Articulated section, and the second articulated section is equipped on mandrel, the first articulated section is parallel with the hinge shaft axis of the second articulated section, and and mandrel Axis is vertical；

Correspondingly, the second driving mechanism is set, which is mounted on mandrel by the second articulated section, and this second The output end of driving mechanism is connected to rotating arm by the first articulated section, with to rotating arm axis and mandrel axis angle into Row adjustment.

4. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 3, which is characterized in that second driving mechanism is straight line drive Motivation structure, the straight line driving mechanism and rotating arm and mandrel constitute triangle assembly.

5. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 4, which is characterized in that second driving mechanism is oil cylinder, The cylinder body of the oil cylinder is articulated with mandrel, and push rod is articulated with rotating arm.

6. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the drive assembly includes setting Structure is introduced in the power of frame side；

Correspondingly, pivoted arm, rotating arm and mandrel are pipe axle construction, for laying drive shaft system in pipe axis, rely on transmission shaft System, power introduce the wheel axis connection of structure and tire assembly；

In turn, it is configured for use as the corner adapting mechanism that mandrel and rotating arm are indirectly connected with, for drive shaft system in mandrel and rotation Angles shifts adaptation between arm.

7. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the corner adapting mechanism includes:

First switching gear set, the transmission of second driving shaft for being positioned partially in mandrel and first gear between centers, this The axis of one gear shaft is vertical with mandrel axis；

Second switching gear set, third transmission shaft and second gear between centers for being partially or entirely located in rotating arm Transmission, the axis of the second gear axis and the axis of rotating arm are vertical, and parallel with the axis of first gear axis；

8. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 6, which is characterized in that for orthogonal in drive shaft system The connection of transmission between centers is that bevel gear of the configuration in corresponding shaft end engages；

The shaft end of transmission shaft is equipped with asessory shaft, the auxiliary where being used as the bevel gear of drive bevel gear in the bevel gear accordingly engaged Axis and corresponding transmission shaft coaxial line, and one end is fixedly connected with corresponding transmission shaft, the other end is assemblied in respective tube axis by bearing It is interior.

9. any spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that drive assembly is configured in tire Assembly side.

10. according to any spare driving device of vehicle of claim 2 ~ 5, which is characterized in that pivoted arm is configured to pipe axis, core It probes into shaft portion in the tube shell of pivoted arm and roll rotational pair is formed by bearing；

First driving mechanism is the first worm gear mechanism, wherein the Cover For A Turbine of the first worm gear mechanism is on mandrel and all To fixation, worm screw and its driving are assemblied on pivoted arm.

11. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the configuration of corner control structure includes

First structure: it follows the first part of mandrel rotation and is mounted on pivoted arm after first part turns to predetermined angular The second part of locking first part；

12. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 11, which is characterized in that first structure is configured that

13. any spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that the shaft is pipe axis, pipe Drive assembly is used in central siphon in the laying of shaft section drive part；

14. the spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the prime machine of planetary reducer Structure is worm gear mechanism, the worm gear shaft and sun wheel shaft coaxial line of adaptation, and is configured to pipe axis.

15. any spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that the main frame body is horizontal Frame body in carriage frame tail portion, and main frame body has multiple vertical plates extended to rear of vehicle；

Wherein adjacent pair vertical plate is respectively furnished with a bearing block for shaft installation, and is removable between the bearing block and vertical plate Connection.

16. any spare driving device of vehicle according to claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that be base between pivoted arm and shaft In the releasable connection of flanged joint, wherein the axis of flange is a radial line of shaft.

17. a kind of vehicle in the vehicle frame tail portion assembly spare driving device of vehicle any just like claim 1 ~ 16.

18. vehicle according to claim 17, which is characterized in that each vehicle is set there are two the spare driving device of vehicle, It is opposed in the tail portion of vehicle or so.

19. vehicle according to claim 18, which is characterized in that the shaft of the spare driving device of two vehicles shares a drive Dynamic assembly.