CN106828126B - Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar - Google Patents

Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106828126B
CN106828126B CN201710137591.0A CN201710137591A CN106828126B CN 106828126 B CN106828126 B CN 106828126B CN 201710137591 A CN201710137591 A CN 201710137591A CN 106828126 B CN106828126 B CN 106828126B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
state
storage battery
soc
super capacitor
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710137591.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106828126A (en
Inventor
王天宏
李奇
陈维荣
洪志湖
刘璐
孟翔
尚伟林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Southwest Jiaotong University
Original Assignee
Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Southwest Jiaotong University filed Critical Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority to CN201710137591.0A priority Critical patent/CN106828126B/en
Publication of CN106828126A publication Critical patent/CN106828126A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106828126B publication Critical patent/CN106828126B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid power energy management system and a control method of a tramcar, which comprises a fuel cell array, a one-way isolated type direct-current converter based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure and cascaded with the fuel cell array, a storage battery, a two-way isolated type direct-current converter based on the full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure and cascaded with the storage battery, a super capacitor, a two-way isolated type direct-current converter based on the full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure and cascaded with the super capacitor, an energy management unit based on a DSP (digital signal processor) controller, an interface expansion unit based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) controller, a voltage acquisition conditioning circuit, a current acquisition conditioning circuit, a weak current power supply unit and a brake resistor. The invention ensures that the system can rapidly supply energy to the load, improves the speed of the system responding to the load, can recover the braking power as much as possible, improves the fuel utilization rate, realizes the aim of fuel economy, prolongs the service life of the storage battery and reduces the cost.

Description

Hybrid power energy management system and control method of tramcar
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid power, and particularly relates to a hybrid power energy management system and a control method of a tramcar.
Background
The environmental pollution is serious due to the use of a large amount of fossil fuels, and in addition, with the vigorous exploitation of fossil energy, the traditional energy is increasingly reduced, and the development and the utilization of new energy are highly valued by various countries. Among numerous new energy applications, hydrogen energy, as a clean, efficient, safe and sustainable new energy, is considered as the development direction of the clean energy with the most development potential in the 21 st century and the strategic energy of human beings, and is the preferred object with the most potential in the new energy for vehicles. The hydrogen fuel cell is an energy conversion device taking hydrogen as fuel, has the remarkable advantages of no restriction of Carnot cycle, low working temperature, high energy conversion efficiency, low noise, cleanness, no pollution, only water for pollutant discharge and the like, and is highly valued and greatly subsidized by countries in the world.
In recent years, much research has been conducted at home and abroad on fuel cell hybrid power energy management strategies, and a plurality of strategies for realizing energy management are proposed. Some foreign scholars use the advantage that the wavelet transformation can capture the transient change of signals, and propose an energy management strategy of a fuel cell hybrid system based on the wavelet transformation. This strategy has greatly reduced because the influence that the operating mode change in the twinkling of an eye caused power supply electrochemical structure, can improve the life of fuel cell and battery effectively, but this strategy is with protection fuel cell or battery as the purpose, and the management rule of formulating need rely on more engineering practical experience usually, though can improve the life of power supply, but is difficult to overall plan and makes the system energy utilization reach the optimum effect.
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the output of a fuel cell, and more particularly to a method for controlling the output of a fuel cell, which is based on a state machine, and a method for controlling the output of a fuel cell based on the state machine. Although the strategy can prolong the service life of the storage battery and improve the utilization rate of hydrogen energy, the strategy mainly takes the charge state of the lithium battery as the main part, and the state switching caused by the change of the load working condition can be relatively slow, so that the response speed of the energy management strategy is slow, and the system stability is not facilitated.
The existing hybrid power energy management system has a low speed of providing energy for a load, so that the speed of responding to the load by the system is greatly reduced; and the braking power can not be effectively recovered, the braking power is greatly wasted, and the utilization rate of the fuel cell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a hybrid power energy management system and a control method of a tramcar, which can ensure that the system can quickly supply energy to a load, improve the response load speed of the system, recover braking power as much as possible, improve the fuel utilization rate, realize the aim of fuel economy, prolong the service life of a storage battery and reduce the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a hybrid power energy management system of a tramcar comprises a fuel cell array power generation system, a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, a super capacitor power supply system, a voltage and current acquisition circuit, a weak current power supply unit and a controller;
the fuel cell array power generation system comprises a fuel cell power generation unit which mainly comprises a fuel cell and a one-way isolation type direct-current converter cascaded with the fuel cell, wherein a plurality of fuel cell power generation units are mutually connected in series or in parallel; the output end of the fuel cell array power generation system is respectively connected to a load and a brake resistor; the brake resistor is used for consuming redundant electric energy of the system.
The storage battery power supply and energy storage system comprises a storage battery and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter I cascaded with the storage battery; the output end of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system is mutually connected in parallel with the output end of the fuel cell array power generation system;
the super capacitor power supply system comprises a super capacitor and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current-direct-current converter II cascaded with the super capacitor; the output end of the super capacitor power supply system is mutually connected in parallel with the output end of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system;
the voltage and current acquisition circuit is respectively connected to each fuel cell in the fuel cell array power generation system, a storage battery in the storage battery power supply and energy storage system and a super capacitor in the super capacitor power supply system; collecting voltage signals and current signals, and transmitting the collected electric signals to a controller;
the input end of the weak current power supply unit is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system, and the output end of the weak current power supply unit is connected with all units in the system in a weak current mode; the weak current power supply unit is mainly used for reducing the voltage output by the storage battery to different stable low voltages to supply power to all components in the system;
the control port of the controller is respectively connected to each one-way isolated type direct-current converter, the two-way isolated type direct-current converter I and the two-way isolated type direct-current converter II; and the energy management of the system is realized by controlling the working states of the unidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter, the bidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter I and the bidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter II.
Further, the unidirectional isolation type direct current-direct current converter is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topology structure.
Further, the bidirectional isolation type direct-current-direct-current converter I is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure; the bidirectional isolation type direct-current-direct-current converter II is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure.
The zero-voltage zero-current full-bridge switch topology structure is beneficial to reducing power loss and improving system efficiency.
Further, the super capacitor comprises a plurality of super capacitor monomers which are sequentially connected in series; and the capacity of a super capacitor power supply system is enlarged.
Further, the controller comprises an interface expansion unit based on the FPGA controller, an energy management unit based on the DSP controller and a high-speed serial PCIe interface, and the high-speed serial PCIe interface is respectively connected with the interface expansion unit and the energy management unit;
the voltage and current acquisition circuit is connected to the interface expansion unit and transmits the data received by the interface expansion unit to the DSP controller of the quantity management unit through a high-speed serial PCIe interface; and the FPGA controller controls the corresponding unidirectional isolated type direct-current converter, the bidirectional isolated type direct-current converter I and/or the bidirectional isolated type direct-current converter II to realize energy management.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a control method of the hybrid power energy management system of the tramcar, which comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting voltage signals and current signals of each fuel cell, each storage battery and each super capacitor by a voltage and current collecting circuit;
and S200, analyzing the working performance of the fuel cell by processing the acquired voltage signal and current signal through the controller, judging the load working condition and the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, triggering a corresponding energy management strategy and controlling the working state of a corresponding converter.
Further, the step S200 includes the steps of:
setting the maximum and minimum output power of the fuel cell, setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the storage battery, and setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the super capacitor;
and triggering a corresponding energy management strategy by taking the load required power, the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and the voltage signal and the current signal of the fuel cell as system input state variables.
Further, the hybrid power energy management system for the tramcar is realized under a finite-state machine control strategy, and the following input state variables are set in the control strategy:
δ 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than or equal to the set value 1 (k) =1, otherwise δ 1 (k)＝0；
δ 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is smaller than the set value 2 (k) =1, otherwise δ 2 (k)＝0；
δ 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is less than or equal to the set value 3 (k) =1, otherwise δ 3 (k)＝0；
δ 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than the set value 4 (k) =1, otherwise δ 4 (k)＝0；
δ 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the set value 5 (k) =1, otherwise δ 5 (k)＝0；
δ 6 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is smaller than the set value delta 6 (k) =1, otherwise δ 6 (k)＝0；
δ 7 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is less than or equal to the set value 7 (k) =1, otherwise δ 7 (k)＝0；
δ 8 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than the set value 8 (k) =1, otherwise δ 8 (k)＝0；
δ 9 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a maximum power voltage of the fuel cell; delta when the actual operating voltage of the fuel cell is less than the set value 9 (k) =1, otherwise δ 9 (k)＝0；
δ 10 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is larger than the set value 10 (k) =1, otherwise δ 10 (k)＝0；
δ 11 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is less than the set value 11 (k) =1, otherwise δ 11 (k)＝0；
δ 12 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; when burningDelta when the actual output power of the material battery is equal to the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0；
δ 13 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the starting time of the fuel cell; delta when the actual start-up time of the fuel cell is greater than the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0。
Further, in the hybrid energy management strategy for a railcar, the following output states are also included for the fuel cell:
x 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the maximum power point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000051
x 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the point of maximum efficiency,
Figure BDA0001241848370000052
x 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at an average power point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000053
x 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the lowest operating point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000054
x 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is not operated and,
Figure BDA0001241848370000055
further, in the step S200, the process of determining the hybrid energy tube strategy for the railcar using the railcar as a load includes the steps of:
the first state: initializing the system to set a fuel cell start-up time T on Setting the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell max_p Setting the minimum output power P of the fuel cell min_fc Setting the maximum charging current I of the storage battery B_max_i And providing an electric storageMaximum cell discharge current I B_max_o Setting the maximum state of charge B of the storage battery max_soc Setting the minimum state of charge B of the storage battery min_soc Setting the maximum charge state C of the super capacitor max_soc And setting the minimum state of charge C of the super capacitor min_soc (ii) a Starting a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, and starting a timer to work; detecting the state of a power generation unit of the fuel cell, setting the power required by a forward output system of a bidirectional isolation type direct current-direct current converter I cascaded with the storage battery, and detecting the output current I of the storage battery B_o Whether or not it is greater than I B_max_o (ii) a If I B_o ＞I B_max_o The super capacitor power supply system is started and the storage battery has constant current I B_max_o Outputting, wherein the shortage part is supplemented by a super capacitor; if I B_o ≤I B_max_o The constant voltage of the storage battery supplies power to the system; judging whether the time recorded by the timer is greater than T on If it is in the second state, if T is less than T on The bidirectional isolation type DC-DC converter I outputs constant voltage until T is more than or equal to T on Then, switching to a state II;
and a second state: adopting a disturbance observation method to enable each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system to work at a minimum power point, and judging the output power P of the fuel cell array power generation system fc_a Whether it is larger than the power demand P of the tramcar load ；
If P fc_a ＞P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charging management method comprises the steps that the charge states of a super capacitor and a storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is charged and managed first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is charged and managed when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only if the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the fuel cell is managed to charge the storage battery; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_s oc; in the three conditions, the state I is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
if P fc_a ＝P load At the moment, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the second state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
if P fc_a ＜P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the shortage power of the system until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc At this moment, jumping into state three; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system by supplying power alone, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if the simultaneous working still can not meet the power requirement of the system, directly jumping into the third state; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the system power requirement, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the shortage power of the system until the state of charge C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc At this moment, jumping into state three; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a third state; 3) Only if the state of charge of the storage battery is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, the storage battery is at the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a third state;
and a third state: each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system equally divides the power required by the tramcar, and when the tramcar is unloaded, the following three conditions are divided: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system to detect the charge state of the super capacitor, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that the constant voltage charges the battery when the SOC of the battery approaches the maximum value set in the first stateUntil the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the state II is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
when the tramcar normally operates, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the third state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
when the tramcar is loaded, the following three conditions are divided: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the system shortage power until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system by supplying power alone, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if working at the same timeIf the system power requirement cannot be met, directly jumping into a state IV; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the system power requirement, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the shortage power of the system until the state of charge C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state four; 3) Only if the state of charge of the storage battery is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, the storage battery is at the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state four;
and a fourth state: outputting each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with the maximum power, detecting the output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging the voltage V of each unit cell Whether it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＜V max_P The unit goes to state five; if V cell ＝V max_P The following cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system to detect the charge state of the super capacitor, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the state III is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
and a fifth state: outputting partial unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with maximum efficiency, detecting output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging voltage V of each unit cell Whether or not it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＝V max_P The unit goes to state four; if V cell ＜V max_P The following cases are distinguished: 1) The charge state of the super capacitor and the charge state of the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charge set in state oneElectric current I B_max_i Then constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three situations, the state three is only jumped into when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state one.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
the invention takes the load power demand, the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery and the like as input state variables, triggers different management strategies, distributes the power output by each unit in the fuel cell array for the system, and manages the auxiliary power source to supplement the system shortage power or absorb the braking power and the output power of the fuel cell array. The fuel cell has the characteristic of low response speed, and in order to achieve the effect of quick start, the tramcar is firstly powered by the storage battery when being started. When the system is in operation, the required electric energy is mainly provided by the fuel cell, and when the system is loaded, an auxiliary power source is firstly used for supplementing the system shortage power according to the actual situation. When the tramcar brakes, a large amount of braking energy can be generated, and the super capacitor has the advantage of being capable of being charged and discharged quickly, so that the super capacitor is preferentially used for absorbing the braking energy, the recovery pressure of the storage battery is relieved, the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the requirement on the capacity of the storage battery is lowered. The invention monitors the voltage and current output by each unit in the fuel cell array in real time. According to the output voltage, the current condition and the load power demand condition of the fuel cell, each unit in the fuel cell array is controlled to be at the following four working points: 1) A maximum power point; 2) A point of maximum efficiency; 3) A lowest power point; 4) The average power point can maximally utilize hydrogen energy to save energy and realize the purpose of fuel economy under the premise of meeting the load requirement under a finite-state machine control strategy, and can smoothly switch each state to prolong the service life of the fuel cell. The SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, different SOC and the output state of the fuel cell array are monitored in real time, corresponding strategies are triggered to carry out charge and discharge management on the storage battery and the super capacitor, the charge state of the super capacitor is kept within a certain range, the super capacitor can be charged and discharged at any time, the charge state of the storage battery is kept within a certain range, the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the response speed of a system is increased.
On the premise of meeting the load working condition requirements, the output voltage and current of the fuel cell, the working condition requirements and the like are used as input state quantities to trigger different control strategies. And setting the highest and lowest values of the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and smoothly switching different control strategies to carry out charging and discharging management on the storage battery. The system is characterized in that the system is used for charging the storage battery at constant current or constant voltage or outputting certain electric energy to fill up the system shortage power by judging whether the output power of the fuel cell can meet the load demand power or not and according to the SOC state of the storage battery, so that the requirement on the capacity of the storage battery can be effectively reduced, and the service life of a system power source is prolonged. The super capacitor has the advantage of rapid charge and discharge, and the super capacitor is adopted to output or absorb the load power with larger fluctuation frequency. When the system needs high-power output, the super capacitor is preferentially used as an auxiliary power supply, and after the SOC state of the storage battery and the output power condition of the fuel cell array are comprehensively considered, the output power of the storage battery or the fuel cell is correspondingly improved to fill the shortage power of the system. During braking, regenerative braking energy is recovered by utilizing the advantage that the super capacitor can be charged quickly, then the storage battery is charged to the highest charge state, and finally, the residual energy is consumed through the braking resistor, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In consideration of the power level designed by the system, all converters in the invention adopt a full-bridge isolated topology structure. Because the invention has more power sources and more complex working condition design, a DSP controller with higher calculation and processing speed is adopted, and in addition, an FPGA processor is used for managing and controlling the energy of each power source so as to expand the interface. The DSP and the FPGA are connected through the PCIe interface of the high-speed serial connection, the quantity to be acquired in the FPGA primary acquisition system is firstly used by utilizing the advantages of large number of pins of the FPGA and free allocation, the acquired data are transmitted to the DSP through the high-speed serial port, and the control strategy triggered by the processed data is communicated to the FPGA by combining the advantages of strong data processing capacity, high calculation speed and the like of the DSP, so that the system energy is indirectly managed and allocated.
The output voltage of the single-pile fuel cell is low, and the single-pile fuel cell can not meet the requirements of actual conditions generally; the invention adopts a series-parallel mode, thereby increasing the voltage grade and the capacity of the fuel cell, ensuring the normal work of a system under the condition that a certain electric pile goes wrong and improving the stability.
The fuel cell array is used as a main power source, the storage battery and the super capacitor are used as auxiliary power sources, and the advantages of multiple power sources are combined; in consideration of the characteristics of soft output characteristic, slow dynamic response and the like of the fuel cell, the advantages of high dynamic response speed of the storage battery, rapid charge and discharge of the super capacitor and the like are combined, the storage battery and the super capacitor are used as auxiliary power sources, and the fuel cell is used as a power supply mode of a main power source, so that the dynamic response and stability of the system are improved, and the effect of 'peak clipping and valley filling' is realized.
Under the energy management control method provided by the invention, the advantages of quick discharge of the super capacitor and quick dynamic response of the storage battery are utilized, the load can be quickly supplied with energy, the system response load speed is improved, the braking electric energy can be recycled as much as possible, the fuel utilization rate is improved, and the purpose of fuel economy is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid power energy management system of a tramcar according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a power plant configuration diagram of a fuel cell hybrid system of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between input and output state variables according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a control method of a hybrid power energy management system of a tramcar according to an embodiment of the invention;
wherein 001 is a fuel cell array power generation system, 002 is a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, 003 is a super capacitor power supply system, 004 is a voltage and current acquisition circuit, 005 is a weak current power supply unit, 006 is a controller, 007 is a load, and 008 is a brake resistor;
011. 012, 013 and 014 are fuel cells, 111, 121, 131 and 141 are unidirectional isolated type direct-current converters; 021 is a storage battery, 211 is a bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter I, 022 and 023 are output ends of a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, and 015 and 016 are output ends of a fuel cell array power generation system; 031 is a super capacitor, 311 is a bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter II, and 032 and 033 are output ends of a super capacitor power supply system; 024 and 025 are input terminals of a weak current power supply unit;
100 is a hybrid power generation system, 200 is an energy management system, and 300 is a tramcar traction module;
061 is an interface expansion unit, 062 is an energy management unit, and 063 is a high-speed serial PCIe interface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a hybrid power energy management system for a tramcar, including a fuel cell array power generation system 001, a storage battery power supply and energy storage system 002, a super capacitor power supply system 003, a voltage and current acquisition circuit 004, a weak current power supply unit 005, and a controller 006;
a fuel cell array power generation system 001 including a fuel cell power generation unit mainly composed of fuel cells 011, 012, 013, and 014, and unidirectional isolated type direct current converters 111, 121, 131, and 141 cascaded with the fuel cells 011, 012, 013, and 014, respectively;
in the embodiment, four fuel cell power generation units are mutually connected in series to form a fuel cell array power generation system 001; the output terminals 015 and 016 of the fuel cell array power generation system 001 are respectively connected to the load 007 and the brake resistor 008;
the storage battery power supply energy storage system 002 comprises a storage battery 021 and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter I211 cascaded with the storage battery 021; the output ends 022 and 023 of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system 002 are mutually connected in parallel with the output ends 015 and 016 of the fuel cell array power generation system 001;
the super capacitor power supply system 003 comprises a super capacitor 031 and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter II 311 cascaded with the super capacitor 031; the output ends 032 and 033 of the super-capacitor power supply system 003 are connected with the output ends 022 and 023 of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system 002 in parallel;
a voltage and current acquisition circuit 004, wherein the voltage and current acquisition circuit 004 is respectively connected to each fuel cell in the fuel cell array power generation system 001, a storage battery 021 in the storage battery power supply and energy storage system 002 and a super capacitor 031 in the super capacitor power supply system 003; collecting voltage signals and current signals, and transmitting the collected electric signals to the controller 006;
the system comprises a weak current power supply unit 005, wherein input ends 024 and 025 of the weak current power supply unit 005 are connected with output ends 022 and 023 of the storage battery power supply energy storage system 002, and the output end of the weak current power supply unit 005 is connected with all components in the system in a weak current mode;
and a controller 006, wherein a control port of the controller 006 is respectively connected to each of the unidirectional isolated type dc- dc converters 111, 121, 131 and 141, the bidirectional isolated type dc-dc converter i 211 and the bidirectional isolated type dc-dc converter ii 311.
In embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 2, the load 007 is a tram, and the fuel cell array hybrid tram system in the present invention is mainly composed of the following 3 parts: the system comprises a hybrid power generation system 100, an energy management system 200 and a tramcar traction module 300;
the hybrid power generation system 100 includes: a fuel cell array power generation system 001, a storage battery energy storage power supply system 002 and a super capacitor energy storage power supply system 003;
wherein, energy management system 200 includes: the system comprises an energy management unit 062 based on a DSP controller, an interface expansion unit 061 based on an FPGA controller, a voltage and current acquisition circuit 004 used for acquiring system voltage and current signals, and a weak current power supply unit 005 used for supplying power to all weak current units of the system.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the unidirectional isolated dc-dc converter is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topology structure.
The bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter I211 is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure; the bidirectional isolation type DC-DC converter II 311 is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure.
As an optimized solution of the foregoing embodiment, the super capacitor 031 includes a plurality of super capacitor monomers connected in series in sequence.
As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, the controller 006 includes an interface expansion unit 061 based on an FPGA controller, an energy management unit 062 based on a DSP controller, and a high-speed serial PCIe interface 063, where the high-speed serial PCIe interface 063 is connected to the interface expansion unit 061 and the energy management unit 062, respectively;
the voltage and current acquisition circuit 004 is connected to the interface expansion unit 061, and transmits the data received by the interface expansion unit 061 to the DSP controller of the volume management unit 062 through the high-speed serial PCIe interface 063; the data is processed by the DSP controller to trigger a corresponding control strategy, and then is transmitted to the FPGA controller through the high-speed serial PCIe interface 063, and the FPGA controller controls the corresponding unidirectional isolated type direct-current converter, the bidirectional isolated type direct-current converter I211 and/or the bidirectional isolated type direct-current converter II 311 to realize energy management.
In order to be matched with the realization of the method, based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides a control method of the hybrid power energy management system of the tramcar, which comprises the following steps:
s100, collecting voltage signals and current signals of each fuel cell, each storage battery and each super capacitor by a voltage and current collecting circuit;
and S200, analyzing the working performance of the fuel cell by processing the acquired voltage signal and current signal through the controller, judging the load working condition and the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, triggering a corresponding energy management strategy and controlling the working state of a corresponding converter.
In the preferred embodiment 1, the step S200 includes the steps of:
setting the maximum and minimum output power of the fuel cell, setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the storage battery, and setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the super capacitor;
and triggering a corresponding energy management strategy by taking the load required power, the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and the voltage signal and the current signal of the fuel cell as system input state variables.
In the optimized embodiment 2, the specific implementation method of step S200 is as follows:
(1) Set the input state variables, as shown in FIG. 3:
δ 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than or equal to the set value 1 (k) =1, otherwise δ 1 (k)＝0；
δ 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is smaller than the set value 2 (k) =1, otherwise δ 2 (k)＝0；
δ 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; when actual SOC of the batteryDelta is less than or equal to the set value 3 (k) =1, otherwise δ 3 (k)＝0；
δ 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than the set value 4 (k) =1, otherwise δ 4 (k)＝0；
δ 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the set value 5 (k) =1, otherwise δ 5 (k)＝0；
δ 6 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is smaller than the set value delta 6 (k) =1, otherwise δ 6 (k)＝0；
δ 7 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is less than or equal to the set value 7 (k) =1, otherwise δ 7 (k)＝0；
δ 8 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than the set value delta 8 (k) =1, otherwise δ 8 (k)＝0；
δ 9 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a maximum power voltage of the fuel cell; delta when the actual operating voltage of the fuel cell is less than the set value 9 (k) =1, otherwise δ 9 (k)＝0；
δ 10 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is larger than the set value 10 (k) =1, otherwise δ 10 (k)＝0；
δ 11 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is less than the set value 11 (k) =1, otherwise δ 11 (k)＝0；
δ 12 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is equal to the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0；
δ 13 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a fuel cell start-up time; delta when the actual start-up time of the fuel cell is greater than the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0。
(2) Setting an output state for the fuel cell:
x 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the maximum power point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000151
x 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the point of maximum efficiency,
Figure BDA0001241848370000152
x 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at an average power point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000153
x 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the lowest rate point,
Figure BDA0001241848370000154
x 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is not operated and,
Figure BDA0001241848370000155
(3) The process for judging the strategy of the hybrid power capacity pipe for the tramcar as a load as shown in fig. 4 comprises the following steps:
the first state: initializing the system to set a fuel cell start-up time T on Setting the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell max_p Setting the minimum output power P of the fuel cell min_fc Setting the maximum charging current I of the storage battery B_max_i Setting the maximum discharge current I of the storage battery B_max_o Setting the maximum state of charge B of the storage battery max_soc Setting the minimum state of charge B of the storage battery min_soc Setting the maximum charge state C of the super capacitor max_soc Setting the minimum state of charge C of the super capacitor min_soc (ii) a Starting a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, and starting a timer to work; detecting the state of a power generation unit of the fuel cell, and setting the forward output of a bidirectional isolation type direct-current-direct-current converter I cascaded with the storage batteryThe system power demand, the output current I of the storage battery is detected B_o Whether or not it is greater than I B_max_o (ii) a If I B_o ＞I B_max_o Then the super capacitor power supply system is started and the storage battery has constant current I B_max_o Outputting, wherein the shortage part is supplemented by a super capacitor; if I B_o ≤I B_max_o The constant voltage of the storage battery supplies power to the system; judging whether the time recorded by the timer is greater than T on If it is in the second state, if T is less than T on The bidirectional isolation type DC-DC converter I outputs constant voltage until T is more than or equal to T on Then, switching to a state II;
and a second state: adopting a disturbance observation method to enable each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system to work at a minimum power point, and judging the output power P of the fuel cell array power generation system fc_a Whether it is larger than the power demand P of the tramcar load ；
If P fc_a ＞P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charging management method comprises the steps that the charge states of a super capacitor and a storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is charged and managed first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is charged and managed when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only if the state of charge of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the fuel cell is managed to charge the storage battery; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum set in State oneCharging current I B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the state I is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
if P fc_a ＝P load At the moment, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the second state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
if P fc_a ＜P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the system shortage power until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system through independent power supply, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if the simultaneous working still can not meet the power requirement of the system, directly jumping into the third state; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the shortage power of the system until the state of charge of the super capacitor is reachedState C soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a third state; 3) Only if the state of charge of the storage battery is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, the storage battery is at the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into the third state;
and a third state: each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system equally divides the power required by the tramcar, and when the tramcar is unloaded, the following three conditions are adopted: 1) The charge state of the super capacitor and the charge state of the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the storage battery is charged by constant voltage until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting when the battery SOC is connectedWhen the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, charging the storage battery by constant voltage; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the state II is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
when the tramcar normally operates, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the third state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
when the tram is loaded, the following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the shortage power of the system until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc At this moment, jumping into state four; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system through independent power supply, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if the simultaneous operation still can not meet the power requirement of the system, directly jumping into a state IV; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the system power requirement, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the shortage power of the system until the state of charge C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state four; 3) Only store upThe state of charge of the battery is greater than the minimum value set in the state I, and the storage battery has the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state four;
and a fourth state: outputting each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with the maximum power, detecting the output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging the voltage V of each unit cell Whether it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＜V max_P The unit transitions to state five; if V cell ＝V max_P The following cases are classified: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system to detect the charge state of the super capacitor, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Is then constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three situations, the state III is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the maximum values set in the state I;
and a fifth state: outputting partial unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with maximum efficiency, detecting output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging voltage V of each unit cell Whether it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＝V max_P The unit goes to state four; if V cell ＜V max_P The following cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system to detect the charge state of the super capacitor, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detect whenWhen the SOC of the storage battery is close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three situations, the state three is only jumped into when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state one.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. A hybrid power energy management system of a tramcar is characterized by comprising a fuel cell array power generation system (001), a storage battery power supply and energy storage system (002), a super capacitor power supply system (003), a voltage and current acquisition circuit (004), a weak current power supply unit (005) and a controller (006);
the fuel cell array power generation system (001) comprises a fuel cell power generation unit which mainly comprises a fuel cell and a unidirectional isolation type direct-direct converter cascaded with the fuel cell, wherein a plurality of fuel cell power generation units are mutually connected in series or in parallel; the output end of the fuel cell array power generation system (001) is respectively connected to a load (007) and a brake resistor (008);
the storage battery power supply energy storage system (002) comprises a storage battery (021) and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter I (211) cascaded with the storage battery (021); the output end of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system (002) is mutually connected in parallel with the output end of the fuel cell array power generation system (001);
the super capacitor power supply system (003) comprises a super capacitor (031) and a bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter II (311) cascaded with the super capacitor (031); the output end of the super capacitor power supply system (003) is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply and energy storage system (002) in parallel;
the voltage and current acquisition circuit (004), and the voltage and current acquisition circuit (004) is respectively connected to each fuel cell in the fuel cell array power generation system (001), a storage battery (021) in a storage battery power supply and energy storage system (002) and a super capacitor (031) in a super capacitor power supply system (003); collecting voltage signals and current signals, and transmitting the collected electric signals to a controller (006);
the input end of the weak current power supply unit (005) is connected with the output end of the storage battery power supply energy storage system (002), and the output end of the weak current power supply unit is in weak current connection with all components in the system;
a controller (006), wherein a control port of the controller (006) is respectively connected to each unidirectional isolated type DC-DC converter, the bidirectional isolated type DC-DC converter I (211) and the bidirectional isolated type DC-DC converter II (311);
the controller (006) comprises an interface expansion unit (061) based on an FPGA controller, an energy management unit (062) based on a DSP controller and a high-speed serial PCIe interface (063), wherein the high-speed serial PCIe interface (063) is respectively connected with the interface expansion unit (061) and the energy management unit (062);
the voltage and current acquisition circuit (004) is connected to the interface expansion unit (061), and transmits data received by the interface expansion unit (061) to the DSP controller of the volume management unit (062) through the high-speed serial PCIe interface (063); and after being processed by the DSP controller, the data triggers a corresponding control strategy, and is transmitted to the FPGA controller through a high-speed serial PCIe interface (063), and the FPGA controller controls a corresponding unidirectional isolation type direct-current converter, a corresponding bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter I (211) and/or a corresponding bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter II (311) to realize energy management.
2. The hybrid energy management system of the tramcar according to claim 1, wherein the unidirectional isolated dc-dc converter is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switching topology.
3. The hybrid power energy management system of the tramcar according to claim 2, wherein the bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter i (211) is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switching topology; the bidirectional isolation type direct-current converter II (311) is based on a full-bridge zero-voltage zero-current switch topological structure.
4. The hybrid energy management system of a tramcar according to claim 1, characterized in that the super capacitor (031) comprises a plurality of super capacitor cells connected in series in sequence.
5. A control method of a hybrid energy management system of a tramcar, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s100, collecting voltage signals and current signals of each fuel cell, each storage battery and each super capacitor by a voltage and current collecting circuit;
s200, analyzing the working performance of the fuel cell by processing the acquired voltage signal and current signal through the controller, judging the load working condition and the SOC of the storage battery and the super capacitor, further triggering a corresponding energy management strategy, and controlling the working state of a corresponding converter; the step S200 includes the steps of:
setting the maximum and minimum output power of the fuel cell, setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the storage battery, and setting the maximum and minimum SOC values of the super capacitor;
taking the load required power, the SOC of a storage battery and a super capacitor, and the voltage signal and the current signal of a fuel cell as system input state variables to trigger a corresponding energy management strategy;
the hybrid power energy management system for the tramcar is realized under a finite-state machine control strategy, and the following input state variables are set in the control strategy:
δ 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than or equal to the set value 1 (k) =1, otherwise δ 1 (k)＝0；
δ 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is smaller than the set value 2 (k) =1, otherwise δ 2 (k)＝0；
δ 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is less than or equal to the set value 3 (k) =1, otherwise δ 3 (k)＝0；
δ 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the storage battery; delta when the actual SOC value of the storage battery is larger than the set value 4 (k) =1, otherwise δ 4 (k)＝0；
δ 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the set value 5 (k) =1, otherwise δ 5 (k)＝0；
δ 6 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a lowest SOC value of the super capacitor; when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is smaller than the set value delta 6 (k) =1, otherwise δ 6 (k)＝0；
δ 7 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; delta when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is less than or equal to the set value 7 (k) =1, otherwise δ 7 (k)＝0；
δ 8 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the highest SOC value of the super capacitor; when the actual SOC value of the super capacitor is larger than the set value delta 8 (k) =1, otherwise δ 8 (k)＝0；
δ 9 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a maximum power voltage of the fuel cell; delta when the actual operating voltage of the fuel cell is less than the set value 9 (k) =1, otherwise δ 9 (k)＝0；
δ 10 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is larger than the set value 10 (k) =1, otherwise δ 10 (k)＝0；
δ 11 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is less than the set value 11 (k) =1, otherwise δ 11 (k)＝0；
δ 12 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting a load demand power value; delta when the actual output power of the fuel cell is equal to the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0；
δ 13 (k) The method comprises the following steps Setting the starting time of the fuel cell; delta when the actual start-up time of the fuel cell is greater than the set value 12 (k) =1, otherwise δ 12 (k)＝0；
In the hybrid power energy management strategy for the tram, the following output states are also included for the fuel cell:
x 1 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the maximum power point,
Figure FDA0003975690790000031
x 2 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the point of maximum efficiency,
Figure FDA0003975690790000032
x 3 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at an average power point,
Figure FDA0003975690790000033
x 4 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is operated at the lowest rate point,
Figure FDA0003975690790000034
x 5 (k) The method comprises the following steps The fuel cell is not operated and,
Figure FDA0003975690790000035
6. the method for controlling a hybrid energy management system of a tram according to claim 5, wherein the step S200 of determining the hybrid energy tube strategy for the tram with the tram as a load comprises the steps of:
the first state: initializing the system to set a fuel cell start-up time T on Setting the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell max_p Setting the minimum output power P of the fuel cell min_fc Setting the maximum charging current I of the storage battery B_max_i Setting the maximum discharge current I of the storage battery B_max_o Setting the maximum state of charge B of the storage battery max_soc Setting the minimum state of charge B of the storage battery min_soc Setting the maximum charge state C of the super capacitor max_soc And setting the minimum state of charge C of the super capacitor min_soc (ii) a Starting a storage battery power supply and energy storage system, and starting a timer to work; detecting the state of a power generation unit of the fuel cell, setting the required power of a forward output system of a bidirectional isolation type direct-current and direct-current converter I cascaded with the storage battery, and detecting the output current I of the storage battery B_o Whether or not it is greater than I B_max_o (ii) a If I B_o ＞I B_max_o Then the super capacitor power supply system is started and the storage battery has constant current I B_max_o Outputting, wherein the shortage part is supplemented by a super capacitor; if I B_o ≤I B_max_o The constant voltage of the storage battery supplies power to the system; judging whether the time recorded by the timer is greater than T on If it is in the second state, if T is less than T on The bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter I outputs constant voltage until T is more than or equal to T on Then, switching to a state II;
and a second state: adopting a disturbance observation method to enable each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system to work at a minimum power point, and judging the output power of the fuel cell array power generation systemP fc_a Whether or not it is greater than the power demand P of the tramcar load ；
If P fc_a ＞P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge state of the super capacitor and the charge state of the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is charged and managed first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the charge management is carried out on the storage battery when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only if the state of charge of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the fuel cell is managed to charge the storage battery; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, only the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are allJumping into the first state when the maximum value set in the first state is reached;
if P fc_a ＝P load At the moment, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the second state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
if P fc_a ＜P load The following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the system shortage power until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system through independent power supply, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if the simultaneous operation still cannot meet the power requirement of the system, directly jumping into a third state; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the system power requirement, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the system shortage power until the state of charge C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into the third state; 3) Only if the state of charge of the storage battery is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, the storage battery is at the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the third state; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into the third state;
and a third state: each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system equally divides the power required by the tramcar, and when the tramcar is unloaded, the following three conditions are divided: 1) Super gradeThe charge state of the capacitor and the charge state of the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Is then constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the state II is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state I;
when the tramcar normally operates, no matter the charge state of the storage battery and the super capacitor, the system still works in the third state, and the fuel cell array power generation system directly provides electric energy for the tramcar;
when the tram is loaded, the following three cases are distinguished: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery are both larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system, the super capacitor is preferentially used for supplementing the system shortage power until the charge state C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc Then the battery is charged with the discharge current I set in the state I B_max_o Power the system up to state of charge B soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the auxiliary power source can not meet the power requirement of the system through independent power supply, the super capacitor and the storage battery work simultaneously until the state of charge is lower than a set value; if the simultaneous operation still can not meet the power requirement of the system, directly jumping into a state IV; 2) Only the state of charge of the super capacitor is larger than the set minimum value in the state I, and on the premise of meeting the system power requirement, the super capacitor is only used for outputting electric energy to complement the system shortage power until the state of charge C of the super capacitor soc Less than minimum state of charge C set in State one min_soc At this moment, jumping into state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state four; 3) Only if the state of charge of the storage battery is larger than the minimum value set in the state I, the storage battery is at the maximum discharge current I set in the state I on the premise of meeting the power requirement of the system B_max_o Supplementing the system's power shortage until the state of charge B of the accumulator soc Less than minimum state of charge B set in State one min_soc Then jumping into the state four; if the power requirement of the system cannot be met, directly jumping into a state IV;
and a fourth state: outputting each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with the maximum power, detecting the output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging the voltage V of each unit cell Whether it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＜V max_P The unit goes to state five; if V cell ＝V max_P The following cases are classified: 1) The charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system to detect the charge state of the super capacitor, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the storage battery is charged by constant voltage until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then with I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Is then constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three conditions, the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state IJumping into a third state;
and a fifth state: outputting partial unit in the fuel cell array power generation system with maximum efficiency, detecting output state of each unit in the fuel cell array power generation system, and judging voltage V of each unit cell Whether or not it is equal to the maximum power voltage V of the fuel cell set in the state one max_p If there is a cell voltage V in the fuel cell array power generation system cell ＝V max_P The unit transitions to state four; if V cell ＜V max_P The following cases are distinguished: 1) The charge state of the super capacitor and the charge state of the storage battery do not reach the maximum value, the super capacitor is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system first, the charge state of the super capacitor is detected, and the storage battery is used for absorbing the redundant electric energy of the system when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value; detecting the charging state of the battery if the charging current I of the battery B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Constant current I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; when the SOC of the storage battery is detected to be close to the set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery; detecting that when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state, the constant voltage charges the storage battery until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and the residual electric energy is consumed by using a brake resistor; 2) Only when the charge state of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value, only the storage battery absorbs the redundant electric energy of the system; detecting the state of charge of the battery if the battery charging current I B_i Greater than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then is constant I B_max_i Charging the storage battery, and starting a brake resistor to consume redundant electric energy; detecting that the constant voltage charges the storage battery when the SOC of the storage battery is close to a set maximum value in the first state until the SOC of the storage battery reaches the maximum value; if the charging current of the storage battery I B_i Less than the maximum charging current I set in state one B_max_i Then use I B_i Continuously charging the storage battery until the charge state of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, and consuming the residual electric energy by using a brake resistor; 3) Only when the state of charge of the storage battery reaches the maximum value, the fuel battery only carries out charging management on the super capacitor until the SOC of the super capacitor reaches the maximum value C set in the state I max_soc (ii) a In the three situations, the state three is jumped into only when the charge states of the super capacitor and the storage battery reach the set maximum values in the state one.
CN201710137591.0A 2017-03-09 2017-03-09 Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar Active CN106828126B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710137591.0A CN106828126B (en) 2017-03-09 2017-03-09 Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710137591.0A CN106828126B (en) 2017-03-09 2017-03-09 Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106828126A CN106828126A (en) 2017-06-13
CN106828126B true CN106828126B (en) 2023-01-24

Family

ID=59143992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710137591.0A Active CN106828126B (en) 2017-03-09 2017-03-09 Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106828126B (en)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107244326B (en) * 2017-06-21 2022-12-27 西南交通大学 Fuel cell array-based hybrid power control system and method for locomotive
JP6780593B2 (en) * 2017-07-07 2020-11-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell system and fuel cell system control method
KR102478065B1 (en) * 2017-10-16 2022-12-16 현대자동차주식회사 Flow control method and system for fuel cell
CN108656981B (en) * 2018-03-22 2021-07-09 河南科技大学 Power distribution method for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
CN108340788A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-07-31 西南交通大学 A kind of fuel cell hybrid tramcar associated braking system and method
CN108790840A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-13 西南交通大学 A kind of hybrid power tramcar regenerating braking energy recycling optimization method and system
CN109546644A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-29 中国科学技术大学 A kind of power distribution method and device of energy mix system
CN109657400B (en) * 2019-01-02 2023-01-20 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 Tramcar hybrid power supply discharge traction simulation calculation method
CN109787364A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-05-21 重庆中涪科瑞工业技术研究院有限公司 The online energy management method of the vehicle-mounted mixed energy storage system of urban track traffic
CN110077280A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-08-02 武汉理工大学 The energy control method and device of tandem acoustic filed automobile composite energy storage system
CN110194065B (en) * 2019-05-29 2021-01-29 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Vehicle energy control method and device, vehicle and storage medium
CN110472786A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-11-19 中氢新能技术有限公司 A kind of production of distributed energy disappears storage device
CN112751376B (en) * 2019-10-31 2023-05-16 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 Energy management method of hybrid power supply system
CN111030149A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-17 华中科技大学 Micro-grid power supply method based on composite energy storage device and electronic equipment
CN111516702B (en) * 2020-04-30 2021-07-06 北京理工大学 Online real-time layered energy management method and system for hybrid electric vehicle
JP7306327B2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2023-07-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 fuel cell system
CN112224373B (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-02-22 中船动力研究院有限公司 Control method of fuel cell unit for ship and hybrid electric propulsion system
CN112224372B (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-06-21 中船动力研究院有限公司 Hybrid electric propulsion system and starting method thereof
CN112208737B (en) * 2020-09-16 2022-03-29 中船动力研究院有限公司 Hybrid electric propulsion system
CN113352947A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-09-07 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Fuel cell power system and control method thereof
EP4328074A1 (en) * 2022-08-23 2024-02-28 Stadler Rail AG Railway vehicle, method for operating a railway vehicle and use of a traction battery

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1475378A (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-18 上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司 Power system of electric-electric mixed fuel battery automobile
CN101841182A (en) * 2010-05-17 2010-09-22 武汉理工大学 Fuel cell hybrid power source system
CN102700427A (en) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 武汉理工大学 Vehicle-mounted fuel cell and storage cell directly paralleled power system with super capacitor
CN202641416U (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-01-02 武汉理工大学 Mixed parallel power system of vehicle-mounted fuel cell, storage battery and super capacitor
CN104786862A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-07-22 西南交通大学 Hybrid power system of coordination work of multiple set fuel cells and multiple set energy storing devices
CN104972918A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-10-14 西南交通大学 Self-adaptive energy management system for fuel cell hybrid power tramcar multi-power source
CN105313709A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-02-10 西南交通大学 An energy management system for a hybrid power tramcar
CN105313710A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-02-10 西南交通大学 An energy management method for hybrid power tramcars
CN105904976A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-08-31 西南交通大学 Energy management system for fuel cell hybrid power motor vehicle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10233821A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-05 Daimlerchrysler Ag Controlling energy supply of mobile device with electric drive motor(s) and hybrid energy supply system involves deriving difference between fuel cell system and storage battery power components
JP4277928B1 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 vehicle
US8760003B2 (en) * 2010-08-02 2014-06-24 Denso Corporation Vehicle-use power supply control apparatus and control apparatus for controlling electric rotating machine mounted on vehicle as main engine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1475378A (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-18 上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司 Power system of electric-electric mixed fuel battery automobile
CN101841182A (en) * 2010-05-17 2010-09-22 武汉理工大学 Fuel cell hybrid power source system
CN102700427A (en) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 武汉理工大学 Vehicle-mounted fuel cell and storage cell directly paralleled power system with super capacitor
CN202641416U (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-01-02 武汉理工大学 Mixed parallel power system of vehicle-mounted fuel cell, storage battery and super capacitor
CN104786862A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-07-22 西南交通大学 Hybrid power system of coordination work of multiple set fuel cells and multiple set energy storing devices
CN105313709A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-02-10 西南交通大学 An energy management system for a hybrid power tramcar
CN105313710A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-02-10 西南交通大学 An energy management method for hybrid power tramcars
CN104972918A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-10-14 西南交通大学 Self-adaptive energy management system for fuel cell hybrid power tramcar multi-power source
CN105904976A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-08-31 西南交通大学 Energy management system for fuel cell hybrid power motor vehicle

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
串联混合动力城市客车整车控制器设计与实现;储著林等;《电子测量技术》;20111115(第11期);全文 *
燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力性分析与设计;陈维荣等;《西南交通大学学报》;20170215(第01期);全文 *
燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力系统设计;陈维荣等;《西南交通大学学报》;20160615(第03期);全文 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106828126A (en) 2017-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106828126B (en) Hybrid power energy management system and control method for tramcar
CN105904976B (en) A kind of fuel cell hybrid locomotive Energy Management System and method
CN109301914B (en) Photovoltaic micro-grid energy storage control method with SOC optimization
CN102868195A (en) System for charging electromobile by utilizing electrical energy of scene electric supply complementation street lamp
CN112421745A (en) Energy management method for composite power supply system of electric automobile
CN104108320B (en) The electronlmobil composite power source of a kind of N-PMOS switch decoupling zero and energy control method
CN103269116A (en) Bidirectional Buck transformer-based super capacitor and storage battery hybrid energy storage photovoltaic system
CN212400925U (en) Energy management system of extended-range hybrid power engineering machinery
CN109552078B (en) Super-capacitor voltage control method and system, energy storage electric car and control system
CN103490494A (en) Vehicle-mounted hybrid power supply applied to hybrid electric vehicle
WO2022095315A1 (en) Charging and discharging control and management method and device for sc-li-sc hybrid energy storage
CN106427616A (en) Composite power source based on charge pump and switching method thereof under different work conditions
KR101375652B1 (en) Hybrid energy storage apparatus for railway power system and method of the same
CN203261111U (en) Super capacitor and storage battery hybrid energy storage photovoltaic system based on bidirectional Buck converter
CN107244326A (en) A kind of locomotive hybrid power control system and method based on fuel cell array
CN109760553A (en) A kind of Straddle type monorail vehicle ground energy storage for power supply system
CN104821610B (en) Three-level high-reliability renewable energy control method and device based on double super-capacitor module groups
CN204674395U (en) Based on the dual energy source electric car energy management system of predictive control
CN107666173A (en) A kind of electric automobile Lead-acid Battery Intelligent Charging system
CN202309239U (en) Double-voltage composite energy storage system with two-way DC/DC (Direct Current/ Direct Current) convertor
CN102570905B (en) Vehicle power supply system using solar energy and vehicle power supply control method
Lianfu et al. Research on the integrated braking energy recovery strategy based on super-capacitor energy storage
CN102270862B (en) Vehicle-mounted battery management system having bidirectional and automatic balance
CN109649222B (en) Comprehensive utilization system for urban rail train regenerative energy and control method thereof
CN203896014U (en) Bidirectional DC/DC converter control system capable of realizing accumulation and regeneration of electric energy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant