CN106827498A - A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and device - Google Patents
A kind of increasing material manufacturing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106827498A CN106827498A CN201710033212.3A CN201710033212A CN106827498A CN 106827498 A CN106827498 A CN 106827498A CN 201710033212 A CN201710033212 A CN 201710033212A CN 106827498 A CN106827498 A CN 106827498A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of increasing material manufacturing method and device, the AM devices include：Data analysis unit, increasing material manufacturing unit, Module-embedding unit and feedback unit, the Module-embedding unit be based on increasing material manufacturing unit complete increasings material process data and data analysis unit offer insertion time point, module material, quantity, shape and pattern of rows and columns the module is inlayed, be connectable or inertable within the object for carrying out increasing material manufacturing or on.By adding module during increasing material manufacturing, manufacture efficiency is improved.Meanwhile, by introducing module during increasing material manufacturing, so as to many materials for realizing increasing material manufacturing object mix manufacturing process.The module introduced during increasing material manufacturing can also be recycled quickly when increasing material object is discarded, reduce the cost of model change, save raw material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and device field of increasing material manufacturing, more particularly to Rapid Prototyping, 3D
Printing, Solid Free-form Fabrication and its improved method.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM) technology is that the method gradually added up using material manufactures real
The technology of body part, is the manufacture method of a kind of " from bottom to top " relative to traditional material removal-Machining Technology for Cutting.Closely
Over 20 years, AM technologies achieve quickly development, " rapid prototype manufacturing ", " 3 D-printing ", " entity is freely manufactured " etc
Different call is the characteristics of never ipsilateral expresses this technology respectively.The technology refers to based on discrete-accumulation principle, by zero
Part three-dimensional data drives the science system for directly manufacturing part.Based on different principle of classification and understanding mode, increase material system
The technology of making also has various appellations such as rapid prototyping, Quick-forming, quick manufacture, 3D printing, and its intension is still being deepened constantly, extension
Also constantly extension, " increasing material manufacturing " mentioned here is identical with " Quick-forming ", " quick manufacture " meaning.
Its main application fields is that, with laser beam, electron beam, plasma or ion beam as thermal source, heating material is allowed to tie
The method closed, directly manufacture part, referred to as high energy beam current is quickly manufactured, and is the important branch of material increasing field, is led in industry
Domain is most commonly seen.
Increasing material manufacturing equipment is closely related with modern microcomputer technology, and it is driven by the three-dimensional data of part, and equipment receives three
After dimension data, procedure of processing is converted to, so as to directly manufacture part.Simultaneously with the development of computer hardware technique, increase
Material manufacturing technology intension is still being deepened constantly, and type also constantly extends.Current increases material manufacturing technology mainly has following several realizations
Approach：
1st, photocuring printing, this is scanned on liquid photosensitive resin surface using ultraviolet, and generation is certain thick every time
The thin layer of degree, object is successively generated from bottom.The advantage of photocuring printing is that the utilization rate of raw material is (close to 100%) high, chi
Very little high precision, excellent surface quality can be used to make baroque model, and printing device size, weight are smaller, shortcoming
It is limited raw material types.
2nd, selective laser sintering printing, i.e., using high-power laser, its sinter molding is made to powder heating.Selectivity
The advantage of laser sintering process is wide material ranges, except sinterable plastics, nylon.The nonmetallic materials such as makrolon, can also beat
Print metal material, and without support during printing, the part machinery performance of printing is good, intensity is high.Have the disadvantage that dusty material compares
Loosely, the more difficult control of printing precision, and printing device is expensive.
3rd, fusion sediment printing is, using hot meltblown head, plastic material is extruded from shower nozzle and is gone out after melting, and deposit
In specified location curing molding.I.e. similar to the process of " squeezing toothpaste out of a tube ".This printing type is cheap, small volume, operation hardly possible
Degree is relatively small, is suitable for family expenses and office's printing, has the disadvantage that surface of shaped parts has obvious striped, the combination of product interlayer
Low intensity, reaction speed are slow.
4th, 3D printing, this is the working method using similar inkjet printer head, and this technique is burnt with selective laser
Knot is very similar, and laser sintered process simply is changed into shower nozzle adhesion, and grating scanner is changed to bonding agent shower nozzle.3D printing it is excellent
Point is that print speed is fast, cost is relatively low, has the disadvantage that the product mechanical strength for printing is not high.
After increases material manufacturing technology is practical, multiple fields are employed for rapidly.In military field, increases material manufacturing technology is first
First it is applied in aerospace field, then begins to be promoted to naval equipment manufacture field.At present, increases material manufacturing technology makes
Mainly have with direction：
The manufacture of the manufacture of small-sized vital part, especially sensor, using electron-beam melting treatment alloy after successively
Sintering, to obtain sensor basic structure, takes into account performance and manufacturing cost.
Increases material manufacturing technology main advantage is that the technology does not need traditional cutter and fixture and multi-step process,
The part of arbitrarily complicated shape can be produced in an equipment, it is achieved thereby that part " freely manufacturing ", solution fast precise
Determine the shaping of many parts with complex structures, and greatly reduced manufacturing procedure, shortened the process-cycle.And product structure is got over
Complexity, the effect of its manufacturing speed is more notable.
Composite element is following developing direction of aero-manufacturing technology, and Xi'an is handed over and have studied large-scale composite material structure greatly
Part low-energy electron beam in-situ cured fiber placement manufacturing equipment and technology, by low-energy electron beam curing technology and fiber automatic placement
Technology is combined, and has researched and developed a kind of large-scale composite material component high efficient green manufacture method without autoclave, can make
Manufacturing process energy consumption reduction by 70%, saves raw material 15%, and improve the controllability of composite shaping manufacture process, can weigh
Renaturation, for composite element green manufacturing provides new automated manufacturing method and technique.
Increases material manufacturing technology has turned into an important developing direction of advanced manufacturing technology, and its development trend has three：(1)
The precision casting technology application of complex parts；(2) direct metal fabricating direction is developed, and manufactures large scale aviation parts；
(3) to tissue and structure's integration manufacture development.The key technology that future needs are solved includes Accuracy Control, large scale structure
Part high efficiency manufacture technology, composite material parts manufacturing technology.At present, achieved in electronics, electric increases material manufacturing technology important
Progress.Referred to as stereo circuit technology (SEA, SLS+LDS).Field of electronics increase material technology be establish existing increasing material technology it
On a kind of environmental type circuit forming technique, be different from conventional two-dimensional plane printed wiring board.Traditional printed circuit
Plate is the grain of electronic industry, and typically using traditional subtraction manufacturing process not environmentally, i.e. metallic conduction circuit is etch copper
Formed after paper tinsel, increases material manufacturing technology of new generation uses addition technique：It is first after product surface is radium-shine with laser, then in liquid medicine
Immersion deposition gets on.This kind of technology is with a kind of approach that the increasing material manufacturing that laser laminar is manufactured is combined：In laser selective
Special component is added in sintering powder, first 3D printing is again with 3D stereo circuits laser machine along the radium-shine circuit pattern in surface, then chemistry
It is plated to metallic circuit.
Patent of invention：For the method (application number of increasing material manufacturing：201480070021.9) disclose a kind of by connecting in
The method that the continuous fusion of the part of continuous fusion powder bed forms three-dimensional article
The method that a kind of continuous fusion of part by continuous fusion powder bed forms three-dimensional article, including：There is provided three
The model of article is tieed up, the first powder bed is applied on the table, energy beam is directed on workbench, promote the first powder bed root
Fused in selected position according to model, to form the first section of three-dimensional article；Apply the second powder bed on the table, will
Energy beam is directed on workbench, promotes the second powder bed to be fused in selected position according to model, to form three-dimensional article
The second section, wherein, the second layer is glued to ground floor, and the detection of at least two positions at least in the second powder bed is local
Thickness, according to the local thickness of the second powder bed for being detected, changes energy beam parameter.The method is still by increasing material object
Carry out overall printing to realize so that whole manufacturing process time of occurrence problem more long, less efficient.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of increasing material manufacturing device, described device includes：Data analysis
Unit and increasing material manufacturing unit, the increasing material manufacturing device (AM) also include Module-embedding unit and feedback unit, wherein described
Module-embedding unit is based on the data analysis unit and is monitoring institute during the increasing material manufacturing unit performs increasing material manufacturing process
The data of collection and the data analysis unit are based on the process of increasing material manufacturing and the object with reference to increasing material manufacturing determines to treat embedding
Be attached to at least one Prefabricated block carry out or will proceed by the object of increasing material manufacturing by the module parameter for entering module
Or object semi-finished product.
Generally, data analysis unit is the intrinsic module of increasing material manufacturing device, and in increasing material manufacturing process
The data for increasing and being gathered during material process must be recorded faithfully and analyzed to middle data analysis unit；And feedback unit is also to increase material system
The intrinsic module of device is made, it is used for Real-time Monitoring Data and is adjusted in time or early warning.Present invention utilizes increasing material system
The intrinsic module of device and its data to be gathered are made, the improvement cost to existing equipment is very low, while need not increase again
Plus extra cost of hardware design.And pass through data analysis and predefine the module parameter of module to be embedded and according to available
The Prefabricated block of variform and/or material is rapidly completed interstage of increasing material manufacturing in the way of " playing with building blocks ", so that
Timesaving technique effect is reached.
By adding module during increasing material manufacturing, the time of increasing material manufacturing is greatlyd save, so as to improve manufacture
Efficiency.Meanwhile, by introducing module during increasing material manufacturing so that increasing material manufacturing object can realize that multicomponent is constituted,
So as to many materials for realizing increasing material manufacturing object mix manufacturing process.So as to, it is to avoid the waste of material, realize material most
Bigization is utilized.Meanwhile, the module introduced during increasing material manufacturing can also be recycled quickly when increasing material object is discarded, be dropped
The low cost of product renewal, has saved raw material.
According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention can set Prefabricated block and provide unit, and Prefabricated block provides unit
With the module organization of supply for providing multiple difference Prefabricated blocks simultaneously, synchronously to realize that multimode is supplied.
According to one preferred embodiment, the Module-embedding unit is based on the data analysis unit described in monitoring
Increasing material manufacturing unit perform that the data that are gathered and/or increasing material manufacturing unit during increasing material process provide comprising material object to be increased
The three-dimensional stereo data and deadline data in each increasing material manufacturing stage complete the pre- embedded triggering of module, and based on data point
The module parameter of the module to be embedded that analysis module is provided transfers process by Prefabricated block feeding unit completion module to be embedded.
Pre- embedded triggering is the once innovation relative to prior art, and it is different from continuously performing for traditional increasing material manufacturing,
But increasing material manufacturing process is split into some stages.A kind of module can be respectively inserted in each stage, and corresponding module
Selection is determined by data analysis module.Specifically, data analysis module provides the module parameter of module to be embedded, should
Module parameter is sent to Prefabricated block feeding unit, by Prefabricated block feeding unit according to the module parameter (perhaps referring also to
The data of subsequent feedback unit and the increasing material manufacturing process data from data analysis module) start the process of transferring.
According to one preferred embodiment, the increasing material manufacturing device also includes feedback unit, wherein, will at least one
When individual Prefabricated block is attached to the object or object semi-finished product that carry out or will proceed by increasing material manufacturing, the module is embedding
Enter the Real-time Monitoring Data during unit further contemplates the increasing material manufacturing of the feedback unit feedback, wherein, the data analysis
Unit is based on the Real-time Monitoring Data of the increasing material process that feedback unit is provided, and completes embedded time point, embedded location and tests again
Card, the Module-embedding unit completes to be received on the basis of the checking of feedback unit Real-time Monitoring Data in the data analysis unit
The control data of data analysis unit completes inlaying, connect or inserting for the Prefabricated block transferred by Prefabricated block feeding unit.
According to one preferred embodiment, the data analysis unit is monitoring the increasing material manufacturing unit execution increasing material
The data gathered during process include that the increasing material manufacturing unit performs the peration data for increasing and being completed in material command procedure；
Real-time Monitoring Data includes that the real-time three-dimensional for increasing material object stands during the increasing material manufacturing of the feedback unit feedback
Volume data；
The material of the module parameter of the module to be embedded including module to be embedded, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and insert
Angle of incidence point data.
According to one preferred embodiment, the increasing material manufacturing device also includes manufaturing data collecting unit, the system
Make data acquisition unit and gather the three-dimensional stereo data of object to be manufactured, material data, curring time data, module and inlay program
Data；Manufaturing data collecting unit sends to increasing material manufacturing unit and data analysis the parameter information of the object to be manufactured for gathering
Unit；The data analysis unit increases material process for controlling increasing material manufacturing unit to carry out, and the data analysis unit is used to control
Molding block inlay element carries out module mosaic process.
Manufaturing data collecting unit can be integrated to the increasing material manufacturing device, or independent external list
Unit, it for example links to the increasing material manufacturing device by bluetooth or WiFi data.Manufaturing data collecting unit can have number
Scanned according to storehouse or 3D
According to one preferred embodiment, the module to be embedded includes one or more basic modes, and the basic mode passes through
The mode of form fit, material fit or power cooperation completes the connection of each basic mode, and builds to form module；The form fit
Including engaging between basic mode and the relation of being connected；The material fit bonds annexation between including basic mode；The power cooperation bag
Include magnetive attraction annexation；The basic mode is identical or different stereochemical structure；The basic mode is rule or irregular stereochemical structure.
According to one preferred embodiment, the module to be embedded is rule or irregular stereochemical structure, the arrangement
Pattern includes that module includes pattern, mosaic mode and overlap joint pattern with increasing material manufacturing object；The insertion time point is included in
Increasing material manufacturing object carry out increase material operation before, carry out increase material operation process in or carry out increase the material end of job after；The module
Material include the material identical and/or different from increased material during increasing material manufacturing.
According to one preferred embodiment, the structure that increased material is formed during the module and increasing material manufacturing is led to
The mode for crossing form fit, material fit or power cooperation completes connection, and collectively forms increasing material object.
According to one preferred embodiment, the increasing material manufacturing method includes：Data collection steps, analytical procedure, increasing
Material procedure of processing and Module-embedding step, wherein, in data collection steps, realize object to be manufactured three-dimensional stereo data,
Material data, curring time data, module inlay the collection of routine data；In the analytical procedure, according to increasing material manufacturing
Process simultaneously come the material of the module of insertion, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns required for determining and is inserted with reference to the object of increasing material manufacturing
The angle of incidence；In material procedure of processing is increased, the parameter information of the object to be manufactured based on collection completes to increase material process；In the module
In Embedded step, obtain object to be manufactured increase material process during perform the peration data, in real time for increasing and being completed in material command procedure
The module parameter of monitoring data and module to be embedded completes module and inlays, connects or insertion process.
According to one preferred embodiment, in the Module-embedding step, material life is increased based on being performed during increasing material process
The peration data completed during order and/or the three-dimensional stereo data in each increasing material manufacturing stage of object to be manufactured and deadline
Data complete the pre- embedded triggering of module, and complete module to be embedded based on the analyze data comprising module material, quantity, shape
Transfer process；Simultaneously based on the Real-time Monitoring Data for increasing material process, embedded time point, the checking again of embedded location are completed,
And received on the basis of Real-time Monitoring Data checking is completed embedded control data complete manufacturing object module inlay, connect or
Insertion；The increasing material manufacturing method or technique is at least beaten suitable for photocuring printing, selective laser sintering printing, fusion sediment
Print, 3D printing.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is each module annexation schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that apparatus of the present invention carry out fusion sediment printing；
Fig. 3 is to carry out the first article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 4 is to carry out the second article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 5 is to carry out the third article structural representation that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 6 is to carry out the 4th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 7 is to carry out the 5th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 8 is to carry out the 6th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Fig. 9 is to carry out the 7th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Figure 10 is to carry out the 8th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Figure 11 is to carry out the 9th article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；
Figure 12 is to carry out the tenth article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention；With
Figure 13 is to carry out the 11st article structure schematic diagram that fusion sediment printing is completed using the present invention.
Reference
101：Manufaturing data collecting unit 102：Data analysis unit 103：Increasing material manufacturing unit
104：Module-embedding unit 105：Feedback unit
200：Target object 201：Turntable
202：Data analysis control module 203：First manipulator
204：Second manipulator 205：Module-embedding manipulator
206：Three-dimensional data scans monitoring module 207：Module storehouse
208：First object 209：Second object
210：Third body 211：4th object
212：5th object 213：6th object
214：7th object 215：8th object
216：9th object 217：Tenth object
218：11st object
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail with reference to embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of increasing material manufacturing device, the increasing material manufacturing device includes：Manufaturing data collecting unit 101,
Data analysis unit 102, increasing material manufacturing unit 103, Module-embedding unit 104 and feedback unit 105.Wherein, the manufacture number
The three-dimensional stereo data of object to be manufactured, material data, curring time data, module are gathered according to collecting unit 101 inlay program
Data.Manufaturing data collecting unit 101 sends to the sum of increasing material manufacturing unit 103 parameter information of the object to be manufactured for gathering
According to analytic unit 102.The data analysis unit 102 carries out increasing material process for controlling increasing material manufacturing unit 103.The data
Analytic unit 102 carries out module mosaic process for control module inlay element.The data analysis unit 102 is according to increasing material system
The process made and with reference to the object of increasing material manufacturing come the material of the module inserted required for determining, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns with
And insertion time point.The increasing material manufacturing device also includes Prefabricated block feeding unit, and the threshold module feeding unit is used for
Screening, arrangement and the offer of the module parameter information realization multiple module of the module to be embedded that foundation analysis module 102 is provided.
The Module-embedding unit 104 is based on the data analysis unit 102 and is held in the monitoring increasing material manufacturing unit 103
Row increase material process during gathered data, the feedback unit 105 feedback increasing material manufacturing during Real-time Monitoring Data with
And the data analysis unit 102 is based on the process of increasing material manufacturing and the object with reference to increasing material manufacturing determines the mould of module to be embedded
Block parameter at least one Prefabricated block is attached to carry out or will proceed by the object or object half of increasing material manufacturing into
Product.According to one preferred embodiment, the data analysis unit 102 performs increasing in the monitoring increasing material manufacturing unit 103
The data gathered during material process include that the increasing material manufacturing unit 103 performs the operand for increasing and being completed in material command procedure
According to.Real-time Monitoring Data includes that the real-time three-dimensional for increasing material object is three-dimensional during the increasing material manufacturing of the feedback of the feedback unit 105
Data.The module parameter of the module to be embedded includes material, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and the insertion of module to be embedded
Time point data.For example, the peration data can be the increasing material system that the first manipulator 203 and/or the second manipulator 204 are carried out
Make data.The Monitoring Data can currently increase real-time geometric data and three-dimensional stereo data of material object etc..
The Module-embedding unit 104 is based on the data analysis unit 102 and is held in the monitoring increasing material manufacturing unit 103
Row increase material process during the data that are gathered and/or increasing material manufacturing unit 103 provide comprising each increasing material system of material object to be increased
The three-dimensional stereo data and deadline data for making the stage complete the pre- embedded triggering of module, and based on data analysis module 102
The module parameter of the module to be embedded for providing transfers process by Prefabricated block feeding unit completion module to be embedded.
The data analysis unit 102 is based on the Real-time Monitoring Data of the increasing material process that feedback unit 105 is provided, and completes embedding
The checking again of angle of incidence point, embedded location, the Module-embedding unit 104 completes to feed back in the data analysis unit 102
The control data that data analysis unit 102 is received on the basis of the checking of the Real-time Monitoring Data of unit 105 completes to be supplied by Prefabricated block
Answer inlaying, connect or inserting for the Prefabricated block that unit transfers.
Described device realizes increasing material manufacturing by the following method, wherein, the increasing material manufacturing method includes：Data acquisition is walked
Suddenly, analytical procedure, increasing material procedure of processing and Module-embedding step.Wherein, in data collection steps, object to be manufactured is realized
Three-dimensional stereo data, material data, curring time data, module inlay the collection of routine data.In the analytical procedure, root
Process according to increasing material manufacturing and the object with reference to increasing material manufacturing are come material, quantity, shape, the row of module that are inserted required for determining
Row pattern and insertion time.In material procedure of processing is increased, the parameter information of the object to be manufactured based on collection completes to increase material mistake
Journey.In the Module-embedding step, completed in execution increasing material command procedure during obtaining the increasing material process of object to be manufactured
The module parameter of peration data, real-time monitoring data and module to be embedded completes module and inlays, connects or insertion process.
In the Module-embedding step, based on the peration data that completion in increasing material command procedure is performed during increasing material process
And/or the pre- insertion of three-dimensional stereo data and deadline data the completion module in each increasing material manufacturing stage of object to be manufactured is touched
Hair.And process is transferred based on the analyze data completion module to be embedded comprising module material, quantity, shape.Meanwhile, based on increasing
The Real-time Monitoring Data of material process, completes embedded time point, the checking again of embedded location.And tested Real-time Monitoring Data is completed
The module that embedded control data completion manufacturing object is received on the basis of card is inlayed, connects or is inserted.
According to one preferred embodiment, foregoing increasing material manufacturing method or apparatus are at least applied to photocuring printing, choosing
The laser sintered printing of selecting property, fusion sediment printing, 3D printing etc. increase material technology.The increasing material manufacturing method or apparatus are applied also for
Rapid prototyping or abrasion method, including the crucible zone molding/manufacture (FLM) of plastics or wax, plastics or wax and especially acrylonitrile-
Fused deposition molding (FDM) of BS or polyactide, stacking object molding (LOM) of plastic foil, modeling
Expect electron-beam melting (EBM), wax or plastics and especially thermoplastic or the purple of stacking manufacture (LLM), plastics or the wax of film
The selective laser melting (SLM) of outer responsive type photosensitive polymerization, many jet flow formings (MJM) of polyamide pouring piece and plastics, modeling
The selective laser sintering (SLS) of material or wax especially thermoplastic such as makrolon, polyamide or polyvinyl chloride, plastics
The 3D printing (3DP) of grain or plastic powders and spatial complex shaping (SPM) of plastics or wax, the photocuring solid of plastics or wax into
Type (STL or SLA), the especially grinding of liquid resin, thermosetting plastics or elastomeric material or multi-axis milling method or light
Digital light treatment (DLP) of polymerization liquid plastic.
The photocuring is printed to and is scanned on liquid photosensitive resin surface using ultraviolet, and certain thickness is generated every time
Thin layer, successively generate object from bottom.The advantage of photocuring printing is that the utilization rate of raw material is (close to 100%) high, size
High precision, excellent surface quality can be used to make baroque model, and printing device size, weight are smaller, have the disadvantage
Raw material types are limited.
The selective laser sintering printing, i.e., using high-power laser, its sinter molding is made to powder heating.Selection
Property laser sintering process advantage be material ranges wide, except sinterable plastics, nylon.The nonmetallic materials such as makrolon, may be used also
Printing metal material, and without support during printing, the part machinery performance of printing is good, intensity is high.Have the disadvantage dusty material ratio
Loosely, the more difficult control of printing precision, and printing device is expensive.
The fusion sediment printing is, using hot meltblown head, plastic material is extruded from shower nozzle and is gone out after melting, and sink
Product is in specified location curing molding.I.e. similar to the process of " squeezing toothpaste out of a tube ".This printing type is cheap, small volume, operation
Difficulty is relatively small, is suitable for family expenses and office's printing, has the disadvantage that surface of shaped parts has obvious striped, the knot of product interlayer
Close low intensity, reaction speed slow.
The 3D printing is the working method using similar inkjet printer head, this technique and selective laser sintering
It is very similar, laser sintered process is simply changed to shower nozzle adhesion, grating scanner is changed to bonding agent shower nozzle.The advantage of 3D printing
It is that print speed is fast, cost is relatively low, has the disadvantage that the product mechanical strength for printing is not high.
According to one preferred embodiment, the module material includes identical with increased material during increasing material manufacturing
And/or different materials.During the increasing material manufacturing increased material can be photopolymer, wax, gypsum, ceramics, metal,
One or more in casting model powder, paper, plastic foil.The material of the module can be and during increasing material manufacturing add material
Identical material, or different materials, for example, it is also possible to be the building stones of standard cutting, standard wooden unit, magnetic material mould
Block and the concrete modular built etc..
According to one preferred embodiment, the module inserted during the increasing material manufacturing can be with one or more.Institute
Structure that increased material during module and increasing material manufacturing formed is stated by way of form fit, material fit or power cooperation
Connection is completed, and collectively forms increasing material object.During the module more than one being related to during increasing material manufacturing, the module and module
Between can also be completed by way of form fit, material fit or power cooperation connection.
The form fit be module and intermodule or module and have between increasing material object identical or corresponding shape or
Structure, so that can mutually inlay or be connected between module and module or module and increasing material object.For example, one spherical
Module can inlay and be connected with an another module etc. with radius arc groove, or pros' module can be with one
Individual another module with equilateral long recess inlays connection, or a module with axle can be with a module with hole
By axle and hole realization connection matching relationship, the axle also includes gap cooperation, interference fit and transition with the matching relationship of sky
Coordinate.The size of its mesopore subtracts the algebraic step referred to as gap or interference obtained by the size of matching axle.Between this difference is for timing
Gap, is interference during to bear.By gap or the feature of interference and its variation, cooperation is divided into gap cooperation, interference fit and transition and matches somebody with somebody
Close
According to one preferred embodiment, the pass between basic size identical be combined with each other hole and axle tolerance range
System, determines the tightness for combining.The size in hole subtracts algebraic step obtained by the size of matching sympodium for timing claims gap, is negative
When claim interference, sometimes also with interference as negative clearance.By the feature of hole, the relation of axle tolerance range, i.e. gap, interference and its variation,
Cooperation can be divided into 3 kinds of situations：One is that gap coordinates.The tolerance range in hole on the tolerance range of axle, with gap (including minimum
Gap is equal to cooperation zero).The acting as of gap compensates various errors etc., its size influence hole, axle relative motion degree.Gap
Cooperation is mainly used in the campaign contact of hole, between centers, and such as sliding bearing and axle couples.Two is interference fit.The tolerance range in hole exists
Under the tolerance range of axle, the cooperation with interference (including minimum interference is equal to zero).In interference fit, because the size of axle compares hole
Size it is big, therefore need to be assembled using pressurization or the method such as expand with heat and contract with cold.Interference fit is not allow between being mainly used in hole axle
The fastening connection of relative motion, such as gear ring of large gear couple with wheel hub.Three is interference fits.The tolerance range of hole and axle is mutual
Overlap mutually, there may be gap, be likely to the cooperation with interference (its gap and interference are general all smaller).Interference fits are main
There are preferable centering and axiality and the positioning connection for being readily disassembled, assembling, such as rolling bearing internal diameter between for requiring hole axle
With coupling for axle.Allowable clearance or the variation of interference are referred to as fit tolerance in cooperation.It is equal to hole, the axle tolerance for cooperating
Sum, represents and coordinates elastic permission mobility scale.
Module and intermodule or module can be avoided by form fit and increase the secondary connection processing between material object, it is to avoid
To module and/or increase the stereochemical structure or material property of material object in by connection procedures such as welding, thermoplastic and perforation
Destruction.
According to one preferred embodiment, can also be matched somebody with somebody by material between module and intermodule or module and increasing material object
Close and realize being connected with each other.For material connection, preferably before Prefabricated block is provided, adhesive is first smeared on Prefabricated block,
Then just by corresponding module for constituting corresponding module combination, to accelerate increasing material manufacturing.Use herein
According to one preferred embodiment, can also be by power cooperation between module and intermodule or module and increasing material object
Realize being connected with each other.The power of the power cooperation process can be self gravitation or magnetic force etc., or other modules or increase material
Pressure that material applies etc..For example, the power cooperation can be realized by module self gravitation and increase material object or other modules
It is connected, or the pressure of the material that can be newly increased by shape during other modules or increasing material with a module realizes module
With the connection of intermodule.For example, the mutually interconnection between module and intermodule or module and increasing material object can be realized by magnetic material
Connect.Selection combination at the same time it can also pass through different materials realizes increasing the raising of material object performance.For example, intermodule
Gear coordinates with hole axle engagement process, and plastics are set to by by a module, and another module is set to metal can be effective
Reduction material wear rate.The metal for avoiding phase same material can aggravate abrasive wear.With the combination of metal and plastics, Ke Yiyou
The wear resistence improved between gear or hole axle of effect, plastic gear can also effectively alleviate impulsive force during transmission, reduce transmission
When the noise that produces etc..
According to one preferred embodiment, the module includes one or more basic modes.The basic mode is matched somebody with somebody by shape
The mode of conjunction, material fit or power cooperation completes the connection of each basic mode, and builds to form module.The form fit includes base
Intermode engages and the relation that is connected；The material fit bonds annexation between including basic mode；The power cooperation includes magnetic
Power annexation.The basic mode is identical or different stereochemical structure；The basic mode is rule or irregular stereochemical structure.
According to one preferred embodiment, the module is rule or irregular stereochemical structure.It is preferred according to one
Implementation method, described pattern of rows and columns includes that module includes pattern, mosaic mode and overlap joint pattern with increasing material manufacturing object.According to
One is preferred embodiment, the insertion time be included in increasing material manufacturing object carry out increase material operation before, carry out increase material make
During industry or carry out increase the material end of job after.
In the Module-embedding step, the shape and quantity of identified module are obtained and according to identified arrangement mould
Formula by the module overlapped and/or be embedded within the object for carrying out increasing material manufacturing or on.
According to one preferred embodiment, the data analysis unit 102 is process according to increasing material manufacturing and combines
The object of increasing material manufacturing come the material of the module of insertion, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and insertion time required for determining, and
And the Module-embedding unit 104 obtains the shape and quantity of identified module and according to identified pattern of rows and columns by described in
Module-embedding within the object for carrying out increasing material manufacturing or on.
Manufaturing data collecting unit 101 is used to gather three-dimensional stereo data, material data, the curring time of object to be manufactured
Data, module inlay routine data etc..The increasing material manufacturing unit 103 is used to realize during whole increasing material manufacturing by default
Or the increasing material scheme of collection increases material material for the object to be manufactured provides one or more.The feedback unit 105 is used to supervise
Survey situations such as whether manufacturing abnormal during increasing material manufacturing, and the fabrication stage being presently in.The data analysis
Unit 102 can be used to for the three-dimensional stereo data of different objects to be manufactured be made whether that standard module can be added to analyze,
Or can add the standard module of what model can farthest to save manufacturing time.The data analysis unit 102 is also
Can be used for the process during increasing material manufacturing according to increasing material manufacturing and determine required insertion with reference to the object of increasing material manufacturing
The material of module, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and insertion time point.The Module-embedding unit 104 is used to realize increasing
Before material manufacture, in increasing material manufacturing process and/or the backward manufacturing object insertion standard module of the increasing material manufacturing end of job.
The increasing material manufacturing process includes：The 3 D stereo of object to be manufactured is gathered by manufaturing data collecting unit 101
Data, material data, curring time data, module inlay routine data.According to one preferred embodiment, it is described three-dimensional vertical
Volume data gatherer process can be by being introduced directly into the three-dimensional graphics software drawing reality such as CAD, 3DMAX, PRO/E, Solidworks
It is existing, it is also possible to scan monitoring module 206 to the scanning of existing object by three-dimensional data to realize object three-dimensional data to be manufactured
Collection.Manufaturing data collecting unit 101 sends to the He of increasing material manufacturing unit 103 parameter information of the object to be manufactured for gathering
Data analysis unit 102.By data analysis unit 102 control increasing material manufacturing unit 103 carry out increase material process.By data analysis list
First 102 control module inlay elements carry out module mosaic process.Meanwhile, module is inlayed based on increasing material system in module mosaic process
That makes the completion of unit 103 increases material process data, the real-time monitoring data of the increasing material manufacturing of the feedback of feedback unit 105 and data analysis
The module for inlaying time point, module material, quantity, shape and pattern of rows and columns completion manufacturing object of the offer of unit 102 is inlayed, is connected
Connect or insertion process.
By adding module during increasing material manufacturing so that increasing material manufacturing process is not required to start anew, and greatlys save
The time of increasing material manufacturing, so as to improve manufacture efficiency.Meanwhile, by introducing module during increasing material manufacturing so that increase
Material manufacturing object can realize multicomponent constitute, for example, module material with increase material during add material can with difference, or
Can also be made up of different materials between person, inside modules basic mode, so as to many materials for realizing increasing material manufacturing object mix manufacture
Process.For example, it is possible to achieve mixed-forming of plastics and metal etc..So as to, it is to avoid the waste of material, realize material most
Bigization is utilized.Meanwhile, the module introduced during increasing material manufacturing can also be recycled quickly when increasing material object is discarded, be dropped
The low cost of product renewal, has saved raw material.
Embodiment 1
So that the present invention carries out fusion sediment printing as an example, illustrate.
Apparatus of the present invention as shown in Figure 2 carry out the schematic diagram of fusion sediment printing.The printing equipment at least includes turning
Platform 201, data analysis control module 202, the first manipulator 203, the second manipulator 204, Module-embedding manipulator 205, three-dimensional
Data scanning monitoring module 206 and module storehouse 207.The turntable 201 is used to realize to scan monitoring module 206 pairs in three-dimensional data
Target object 200 drives target object 200 to rotate during being scanned.
The three-dimensional data that manufaturing data collecting unit 101 includes scans monitoring module 206, and data analysis unit 102 includes number
According to analysis and Control module 202.Increasing material manufacturing unit 103 includes the first manipulator 203 and the second manipulator 204.First machine
Tool hand 203 at least has 6 frees degree, it is possible to achieve multi-angle is finely printed.First manipulator 204 at least has 4
The free degree, it is possible to achieve the printing speed of target object framework during increasing material manufacturing.Module-embedding unit 104 includes that module is embedding
Enter manipulator 205 and module storehouse 207, entity module, hollow module and magnetic module etc..The module storehouse 207 is used to realize respectively
The classified storage of generic module, and transferring and transmitting for each generic module can be realized by devices such as slide rails.For example, the module storage
There are entity module, hollow module and a generic module of magnetic module three, and transmitted to corresponding module carry-out bit by slide rail respectively,
Module calls order is based on by the Module-embedding manipulator 205 and completes transferring for corresponding module.It is achieved thereby that each module
Classification Management, transmit and transfer, it is to avoid module transfers mistake during transferring, and helps to lift increasing material manufacturing process
Manufacturing speed.
Feedback unit 105 includes that three-dimensional data scans monitoring module 206.In the present embodiment, manufaturing data is gathered and anti-
Feedback data monitoring can scan monitoring module 206 and realize by three-dimensional data.
The three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 carries out three-dimensional data scanning, and the thing that will be scanned to target object 200
Body three-dimensional data file issues data analysis control module 202, three-dimensional data file of the data analysis control module 202 to object
Increasing material manufacturing process is determined after analysis, then data analysis control module 202 manipulates the first manipulator 203, the second manipulator 204
Start increasing material manufacturing process with Module-embedding manipulator 205.
According to one preferred embodiment, data analysis control module 202 can be with by the manufacturing process of target object 200
It is divided into 11 steps：
Step one：First manipulator 203 first manufactures as shown in Figure 3 one has the first object of peripheral frame
208。
Step 2：At least one entity module A is put into predeterminated position and constituted as shown in Figure 4 by Module-embedding manipulator 205
Second object 209.
Step 3：First manipulator 203 continues to supplement frame composition third body 210 as shown in Figure 5.
Step 4：At least one hollow module B is put into predeterminated position and constituted as shown in Figure 6 by Module-embedding manipulator 205
The 4th object 211.
Step 5：Second manipulator 204 constitutes the 5th object as shown in Figure 7 for each hollow module B packing material
212。
Step 6：First manipulator 203 continues to supplement frame composition the 6th object 213 as shown in Figure 8.
Step 7：At least one magnetic module C is put into corresponding position and constituted such as Fig. 9 institutes by Module-embedding manipulator 205
The 7th object 214 for showing.
Step 8：Second manipulator 204 is that magnetic module C packing materials constitute the 8th object 215 as shown in Figure 10.
Step 9：First manipulator 203 continues to supplement frame composition the 9th object 216 as shown in figure 11.
Step 10：It is as shown in figure 12 that at least one module D is put into corresponding position composition by Module-embedding manipulator 205
Tenth object 217.
Step 11：Second manipulator 204 is that module D packing materials constitute the 11st object 218 as shown in fig. 13 that,
It is to complete the duplication of target object 200 or remanufacture process.
Wherein, Fig. 3 to Figure 13 is the duplication to each stage in the reproduction process of target object 200 by fusion sediment impact system
The perspective view of object.According to one preferred embodiment, during Module-embedding, the Module-embedding unit 104 is based on
Three-dimensional stereo data and deadline number comprising each increasing material manufacturing stage of object to be manufactured that increasing material manufacturing unit 103 is provided
According to the pre- embedded triggering for completing module.The triggering result is to be based on data analysis control module by Prefabricated block feeding unit
What the 202 module material information for providing, modular shape information, quantity information completed module to be embedded transfers process.
The data analysis control module 202 is based on the reality of the increasing material process that three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 is provided
When Monitoring Data, complete embedded time point, the checking again of embedded location.The Module-embedding manipulator 205 is in the data
Analysis and Control module 202 completes to receive data point on the basis of three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 Real-time Monitoring Data checking
The Prefabricated block for analysing the control data completion manufacturing object of unit 102 is inlayed, connects or is inserted.
For example, in step 2, Module-embedding unit 104 is based on will complete first that increasing material manufacturing unit 103 is provided
The three-dimensional stereo data and deadline data of object 208, and in 10 minutes or 20 minutes or 30 before the completion of the first object 208
Minute realizes the pre- embedded triggering of module.The pre- embedded triggering result is Prefabricated block feeding unit based on data analysis control
The module material information of the offer of module 202, modular shape information, quantity information complete module to be embedded and that is to say entity module A
Transfer.Meanwhile, the time point for preparing to terminate in the manufacture of the first object 208 completes Prefabricated block by Module-embedding manipulator 205
Telescopiny.Also, the data analysis control module 202 is based on first that three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 is provided
Object 208 increases the Real-time Monitoring Data of material process, completes entity module A insertion time points, the checking again of embedded location.So as to
Avoid the first object 208 the time point that should manufacture completion have not been completed manufacture in the case of, Module-embedding manipulator
205 telescopinies for beginning to carry out module.Advance operation or the maloperation of Module-embedding manipulator 205 are avoided, so as to protect
Demonstrate,prove or improve the yield rate of whole manufacturing process.The Module-embedding manipulator 205 is in the data analysis control module 202
Complete the control of reception data analysis unit 102 on the basis of three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 Real-time Monitoring Data is verified
Data complete for the predeterminated position that at least one entity module A is put into the first object 2078 to constitute the second object as shown in Figure 4
209。
In 11 steps of above-mentioned manufacturing process, three-dimensional data scanning monitoring module 206 is supervised to manufacturing process
Control, and monitoring information is fed back into data analysis control module 202, if occurring abnormal, data analysis control in manufacturing process
Pause is manufactured and sends prompt messages by module 202.
Additionally, operating personnel can also at any time suspend or terminate manufacturing process, can arbitrarily be adjusted during pause
Follow-up manufacturing process then proceedes to complete remaining manufacturing process.
It should be noted that above-mentioned specific embodiment is exemplary, those skilled in the art can disclose in the present invention
Various solutions are found out under the inspiration of content, and these solutions also belong to disclosure of the invention scope and fall into this hair
Within bright protection domain.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that description of the invention and its accompanying drawing be it is illustrative and not
Constitute limitations on claims.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of increasing material manufacturing device, it includes：Data analysis unit (102) and increasing material manufacturing unit (103),
Characterized in that,
The increasing material manufacturing device (AM) also includes Module-embedding unit (104), wherein, Module-embedding unit (104) base
Gathered during increasing material manufacturing unit (103) the execution increasing material manufacturing process is monitored in the data analysis unit (102)
Data and the process of the data analysis unit (102) based on increasing material manufacturing and with reference to increasing material manufacturing object determine treat embedding
Enter the module parameter of module, at least one Prefabricated block is attached to carries out or will proceed by the object of increasing material manufacturing
Or object semi-finished product.
2. increasing material manufacturing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the Module-embedding unit (104) is based on described
Data analysis unit (102) monitor the increasing material manufacturing unit (103) perform increase material process during the data that are gathered and/or
The three-dimensional stereo data comprising each increasing material manufacturing stage of material object to be increased and deadline that increasing material manufacturing unit (103) is provided
Data complete the pre- embedded triggering of module, and the module to be embedded provided based on data analysis module (102) module parameter by
What Prefabricated block feeding unit completed module to be embedded transfers process.
3. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the increasing material manufacturing device also includes
Feedback unit (105), wherein, carry out or will proceed by increasing material manufacturing at least one Prefabricated block is attached to
When object or object semi-finished product, the Module-embedding unit (104) further contemplates the increasing material manufacturing of the feedback unit (105) feedback
During Real-time Monitoring Data, wherein, the data analysis unit (102) is entered based on the increasing material that feedback unit (105) is provided
The Real-time Monitoring Data of journey, completes embedded time point, the checking again of embedded location, and the Module-embedding unit (104) is in institute
Data analysis unit (102) is stated to complete to receive data analysis unit on the basis of the checking of feedback unit (105) Real-time Monitoring Data
(102) control data completes inlaying, connect or inserting for the Prefabricated block transferred by Prefabricated block feeding unit.
4. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the data analysis unit (102) exists
Monitoring the data gathered during increasing material manufacturing unit (103) the execution increasing material process includes the increasing material manufacturing unit
(103) peration data for increasing and being completed in material command procedure is performed；
Real-time Monitoring Data includes that the real-time three-dimensional for increasing material object stands during the increasing material manufacturing of feedback unit (105) feedback
Volume data；
When the module parameter of the module to be embedded includes material, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and the insertion of module to be embedded
Between point data.
5. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the increasing material manufacturing device also includes
Manufaturing data collecting unit (101), the three-dimensional stereo data of manufaturing data collecting unit (101) collection object to be manufactured,
Material data, curring time data, module inlay routine data；
Manufaturing data collecting unit (101) sends to increasing material manufacturing unit (103) parameter information of the object to be manufactured for gathering
With data analysis unit (102)；
The data analysis unit (102) carries out increasing material process, the data analysis list for controlling increasing material manufacturing unit (103)
First (102) carry out module mosaic process for control module inlay element (104).
6. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the module to be embedded includes
Or multiple basic modes, the basic mode completes the connection of each basic mode by way of form fit, material fit or power cooperation, and takes
Build to form module；
The form fit engages and the relation of being connected between including basic mode；The material fit bonds connection and closes between including basic mode
System；The power cooperation includes magnetive attraction annexation；
The basic mode is identical or different stereochemical structure；The basic mode is rule or irregular stereochemical structure.
7. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the module to be embedded for rule or
Irregular stereochemical structure, described pattern of rows and columns includes module with increasing material manufacturing object comprising pattern, mosaic mode and seaming die
Formula；
It is described insertion time point be included in increasing material manufacturing object carry out increase material operation before, carry out increase material operation process in or carry out
After increasing the material end of job；
The material of the module includes the material identical and/or different from increased material during increasing material manufacturing.
8. the increasing material manufacturing device as described in one of preceding claims, it is characterised in that the module and increasing material manufacturing process
In the structure that is formed of increased material connection is completed by way of form fit, material fit or power cooperation, and collectively form
Increase material object.
9. a kind of increasing material manufacturing method, it is characterised in that the increasing material manufacturing method includes：Data collection steps, analytical procedure,
Increase material procedure of processing and Module-embedding step,
Wherein, in data collection steps, realize the three-dimensional stereo data of object to be manufactured, material data, curring time data,
Module inlays the collection of routine data；
In the analytical procedure, process according to increasing material manufacturing is simultaneously inserted required for determining with reference to the object of increasing material manufacturing
The material of module, quantity, shape, pattern of rows and columns and insertion time；
In material procedure of processing is increased, the parameter information of the object to be manufactured based on collection completes to increase material process；
In the Module-embedding step, completed in execution increasing material command procedure during obtaining the increasing material process of object to be manufactured
The module parameter of peration data, real-time monitoring data and module to be embedded completes module and inlays, connects or insertion process.
10. increasing material manufacturing method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that in the Module-embedding step, is entered based on material is increased
The peration data and/or the three-dimensional in each increasing material manufacturing stage of object to be manufactured that completion in increasing material command procedure is performed during journey are vertical
Volume data and deadline data complete the pre- embedded triggering of module, and based on comprising module material, quantity, shape analysis number
Process is transferred according to completion module to be embedded；
Simultaneously based on the Real-time Monitoring Data for increasing material process, embedded time point, the checking again of embedded location are completed, and complete
The module that embedded control data completion manufacturing object is received on the basis of Real-time Monitoring Data checking is inlayed, connects or is inserted.
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| CN110711923A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-21 | 江南大学 | Prefabricated part-based arc additive hybrid manufacturing method |
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| CN112590201B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Surface exposure based composite multi-material energy field restraint additive manufacturing device and method |
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