CN106818855A - 一种棉花化学打顶剂 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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Abstract
本发明属于农药制剂领域，具体涉及一种棉花化学打顶剂。本发明以缩节胺、乙烯利为主要活性成分，通过乳化手段与环烷酸盐及水杨酸钠进行复配，达到增效、缓释与协同效果，在棉花初花至盛花期叶面喷施一次即可诱导棉花自封顶，解决以往化学打顶技术只注重控制植株生长不注重促进棉铃发育的弊端，达到替代人工打顶、优化棉花群体结构、促进结铃、提高产量、优化品质及促进早熟的目的。本发明的棉花化学打顶剂可以通过飞机施药或机械喷施，实现棉花打顶机械化，具有增产效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药制剂领域，具体涉及一种棉花化学打顶剂。
背景技术
棉花是喜温作物，具有无限生长习性，为了充分利用有效生长期，减少无效蕾铃的发生，当棉花进入一定生长阶段(约在花铃期)，必须进行打顶。打顶是我国棉花栽培管理的一个关键环节，直接影响棉花的最终产量和品质。一直以来，我国棉花生产多采用人工打顶的方法，但该方法存在打顶效率低、劳动强度大、易漏打、时效性差及成本高等问题，阻断了棉花生产全程机械化链条，降低了棉花生产规模化效益。随着集约化大农业的发展，棉花生产全程机械化是棉花产业可持续发展的必然选择，因此解决棉花人工打顶问题势在必行。
为替代棉花人工打顶，人们尝试利用打顶机械进行打顶，但因棉花个体差异大、棉田不平坦、减产等各种不利因素的影响，至今未有理想的打顶机械，生产上未见大面积推广应用。
有研究者进行了叶面喷施辛酸甲醋、癸酸甲醋和6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)控制棉花顶端优势的试验。结果表明辛酸甲醋、癸酸甲醋和6-BA适宜浓度处理可以在一定程度上代替人工打顶。然而，该类物质的用量较难把握且作用效果不稳定，因此未见在棉花生产中应用该类物质进行打顶作业。李新裕等(李新裕等，2001)进行了长绒棉化学封顶取代人工打顶的试验，结果表明用化学封顶取代人工打顶可减轻人工劳动强度，提高作业效率，提高产量。但单独使用DPC进行封顶不能很好地满足生产的要求，尤其对于陆地棉的控制效果更不理想，难以替代人工打顶。
当前，生产上仍缺少专门针对棉花化学打顶的产品。2010年浙江禾田化工有限公司发明了一种棉花整枝增效剂，主要应用烟草抑芽剂氟节胺和缩节胺进行复配，通过叶面喷施控制棉花主茎和侧枝的生长；2011年高俊毅发明了一种棉花打顶剂，以植物生长调节剂马来酰肼为主要有效成分，通过叶面喷施可以替代棉花人工打顶；2013年，浙江禾田化工有限公司发明了一种新型棉花化学打顶剂，以烟草抑芽剂氟节胺与除草剂特丁噻草隆进行复配，期望两者通过协调效应控制棉花无限生长习性。但以上发明涉及的成分马来酰肼和氟节胺等的价格高，长期以来该类物质在棉花上并不常用。生产上还出现了一些类似产品，但应用效果均不稳定，而且对棉株顶部棉铃和叶片同样有显著抑制作用，致使顶部棉铃发育受阻，此外还常常会造成棉花延迟吐絮甚至贪青晚熟。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种棉花化学打顶剂，具体技术方案如下：
一种棉花化学打顶剂含有如下重量百分比含量的组分：2.86％-66.67％的缩节胺，1.23％-68.97％的40％乙烯利，0.10％-9.17％的环烷酸盐，3.23％-58.82％的乳化剂，余量水。
所述的棉花化学打顶剂还包括重量百分比含量0.41％-29.41％的水杨酸钠。
所述环烷酸盐为增效成分，包括环烷酸钠、环烷酸铁、环烷酸锌或环烷酸钙的一种或多种。
所述乳化剂为辅助成分，包括吐温80、S-20、曲拉通100、op10、0201B中的一种或多种。
所述打顶剂田间应用剂量为750-1500g/hm2，并兑水300-450kg/hm2，采用平喷方式均匀喷施于棉花顶部和叶片。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明以缩节胺、乙烯利为主要活性成分，通过乳化手段与环烷酸盐及水杨酸钠进行复配，达到增效、缓释与协同效果，在棉花初花至盛花期叶面喷施一次即可诱导棉花自封顶，解决以往化学打顶技术只注重控制植株生长不注重促进棉铃发育的弊端，达到替代人工打顶、优化棉花群体结构、促进结铃、提高产量、优化品质及促进早熟的目的。
本发明的棉花化学打顶剂可以通过飞机施药或机械喷施，实现棉花打顶机械化，贯通我国棉花生产全程机械化链条，进一步提升棉花全程机械化水平。而且可以确保打顶质量、提高棉田整齐度、提高劳动效率、减少劳动力投入、降低成本，具有增产效应。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种棉花化学打顶剂，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步介绍。
实施例1：棉花化学打顶剂的配制
(1)称取30-50份水放入搅拌容器中备用；
(2)称取0.4-4.0份水杨酸钠，缓慢加入到步骤(1)中的水中，搅拌使其溶解均匀；
(3)称取1.0-20.0份40％的乙烯利，缓慢加入到步骤(2)中的溶液中，搅拌混匀；
(4)称取2.5-15.0份缩节胺，加入到步骤(3)中的溶液中，搅拌直至缩节胺充分溶解；
(5)称取0.1-1.0份环烷酸盐(环烷酸钠、环烷酸铁、环烷酸锌、环烷酸钙的一种或多种)，缓慢加入到步骤(4)的溶液中，搅拌混匀；
(6)称取3.0-10.0份乳化剂(吐温80、S-20、曲拉通100、op10或0201B等)，缓慢加入到步骤(5)中的溶液中，边加边快速搅拌，直至溶液乳化均匀，即得到棉花化学打顶剂。
实施例2：棉花化学打顶剂的田间试验
田间试验时棉花化学打顶剂以总质量100份为例，具体配方为：
田间施用应用剂量为750-1500g/hm2，并兑水300-450kg/hm2，药液混合均匀后采用平喷方式均匀喷施于棉花顶部和叶片。
按照实施例2的配方，本发明棉花化学打顶剂的田间应用效果如下：
(1)2014年新疆昌吉州华兴农场，面积80hm2，品种为新陆早57号，试用本发明化学打顶剂替代人工打顶，应用剂量750g/hm2，兑水375kg/hm2，7月5日喷施，7月底棉花自封顶，吐絮期实收株数22.8万株/hm2，平均单株结铃6.8个，测产子棉产量7770kg/hm2，创造了昌吉州千亩连片棉花高产纪录。
(2)2015年农八师147团14连，面积22hm2，品种为新陆早42，应用本发明化学打顶剂进行化学打顶，应用剂量900g/hm2，兑水400kg/hm2，7月7日喷施，8月初棉花自封顶，最终棉花株高75-80cm，果枝数9-11个，单株结铃6个，子棉产量6600kg/hm2，比人工打顶对照高出315kg/hm2。
(3)2016年昌吉州龙河农场，面积53.3hm2，品种为新陆早50号，试用本发明化学打顶剂替代人工打顶，应用剂量1000g/hm2，兑水450kg/hm2，7月8日喷施，8月上旬棉花自封顶，最终单株结铃6.5个，子棉产量6240kg/hm2，与人工打顶产量相当。
应用本发明化学打顶剂还于2014年呼图壁县，2015年呼图壁县，2016年昌吉市做了田间实验，应用后在农艺性状及产量方面与人工打顶棉花的差异如表1所示，从表中可知，使用本发明化学打顶剂打顶最终株高、叶片数、果枝台数略高于人工打顶，果枝始节高度、单株结铃数与人工打顶相当，同时具有一定增产趋势。
表1化学打顶与人工打顶棉花农艺性状及产量比较
Claims (5)
1.一种棉花化学打顶剂，其特征在于，所述打顶剂含有如下重量百分比含量的组分：2.86％-66.67％的缩节胺，1.23％-68.97％的40％乙烯利，0.10％-9.17％的环烷酸盐，3.23％-58.82％的乳化剂，余量水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的棉花化学打顶剂，其特征在于，所述打顶剂还包括重量百分比含量0.41％-29.41％的水杨酸钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的棉花化学打顶剂，其特征在于，所述环烷酸盐为增效成分，包括环烷酸钠、环烷酸铁、环烷酸锌或环烷酸钙的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的棉花化学打顶剂，其特征在于，所述乳化剂为辅助成分，包括吐温80、S-20、曲拉通100、op10、0201B中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的棉花化学打顶剂，其特征在于，所述打顶剂田间应用剂量为750-1500g/hm2，并兑水300-450kg/hm2，采用平喷方式均匀喷施于棉花顶部和叶片。
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