CN106818123A - 一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法 - Google Patents

一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法 Download PDF

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CN106818123A
CN106818123A CN201611212072.8A CN201611212072A CN106818123A CN 106818123 A CN106818123 A CN 106818123A CN 201611212072 A CN201611212072 A CN 201611212072A CN 106818123 A CN106818123 A CN 106818123A
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曲杰
高建强
程亮
王素芳
贾振东
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Heze academy of agricultural sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，包括如下具体步骤：步骤1，提高播种质量，撒施地下杀虫剂；步骤2，机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜；步骤3，苗期滴灌施药，以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主，避免草害的滋生；步骤4，开花期滴灌施药，以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的；步骤5，饱果期滴灌施药，以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的，兼控制植株旺长。本发明取得的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，可以有效防治地下害虫、蚜虫；降低后期叶早衰、叶斑病病性指数降低41.51％，减少烂果、芽果率，提高饱果率10.8％。

Description

一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种花生病虫草害防治方法，特别是一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法。
背景技术
近几年来，随着花生种植效益提高，花生种植呈现逐年扩大的趋势。由于花生生产的粗放管理，病虫草害防治不力，致使病虫草害发生危害严重，造成产量下降，品质变劣，效益降低。美国花生持续增产的重要原因之一是普遍防治花生病虫草害，强调以化学防治为主，配合农业措施。加强花生病虫草害防治，重点抓好根部病害、地下害虫、杂草等的防治工作，已是花生种植的当务之急。本方法提出一种简便、高效、精准防治花生病虫草害的新技术，解决花生病虫草害防治过程中费时、费力、费药，且效果不明显的问题，提高花生生产效益，增加农民种植的积极性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是：提供一种花生简便高效病虫草害防治方法，减少高毒农药的使用、减少人工喷药的危害、提高防治的效果和针对性，实现简便高效的花生种植。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，包括如下具体步骤：
步骤1，提高播种质量，撒施地下杀虫剂：精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2％的种子进行播种，按每亩5kg的用量撒施5％克百威，随种子播于播种沟内，垄面喷施封闭型除草剂，按每亩200ml用量喷施；
步骤2，机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜：按一带双行铺设滴灌带，要均匀铺设在播种行中间，采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带，滴孔距离15cm；
步骤3，苗期滴灌施药，以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主，避免草害的滋生，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：48％氟乐灵140ml；10％农用链霉素200g；40％毒死蜱80ml；10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；1.8％阿维菌素50ml；5％精喹禾灵80ml；
步骤4，开花期滴灌施药，以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：1.8％阿维菌素100ml；10％农用链霉素200g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；
步骤5，饱果期滴灌施药，以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的，兼控制植株旺长，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：20％氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；70％甲基硫菌灵300g。
进一步，本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，所述封闭型除草剂为50％甲戊·乙草胺。
本发明取得的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，可以有效防治地下害虫、蚜虫；降低后期叶早衰、叶斑病病性指数降低41.51％，减少烂果、芽果率，提高饱果率10.8％。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的保护范围。
在山东省菏泽市选取2亩花生田，分为两份，每份1亩，分别表示为1号田和2号田，其中1号田采用常规花生病虫草害防治方法。
2号田采用本发明的防治方法，即：
第一步，提高播种质量，撒施地下杀虫剂：精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2％的种子进行播种，按每亩5kg的用量撒施5％克百威，随种子播于播种沟内，垄面喷施封闭型除草剂，按每亩200ml用量喷施；
第二步，机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜：按一带双行铺设滴灌带，要均匀铺设在播种行中间，采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带，滴孔距离15cm；
第三步，苗期滴灌施药，以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主，避免草害的滋生，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：48％氟乐灵140ml；10％农用链霉素200g；40％毒死蜱80ml；10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；1.8％阿维菌素50ml；5％精喹禾灵80ml；
第四步，开花期滴灌施药，以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：1.8％阿维菌素100ml；10％农用链霉素200g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；
第五步，饱果期滴灌施药，以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的，兼控制植株旺长，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：20％氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；70％甲基硫菌灵300g。
进一步，本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，所述封闭型除草剂为50％甲戊·乙草胺。
本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，对1号田和2号田的主要参数分别进行测算，详情参见表1。
对1号田和2号田的相关参数分别进行测算，详情参见表1。
表1
参照表1，采用本发明方法栽培的花生，总杂草数降低83.4％，总地下害虫数降低83.0％，有效控制了蚜虫数；叶斑病病性指数降低41.51％；减少烂果、芽果率，提高饱果率10.8％。

Claims (2)

1.一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，其特征在于，包括如下具体步骤：
1)提高播种质量，撒施地下杀虫剂：精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2％的种子进行播种，按每亩5kg的用量撒施5％克百威，随种子播于播种沟内，垄面喷施封闭型除草剂，按每亩200ml用量喷施；
2)机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带、覆膜：按一带双行铺设滴灌带，要均匀铺设在播种行中间，采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带，滴孔距离15cm；
3)苗期滴灌施药，以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主，避免草害的滋生，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：48％氟乐灵140ml；10％农用链霉素200g；40％毒死蜱80ml；10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；1.8％阿维菌素50ml；5％精喹禾灵80ml；
4)开花期滴灌施药，以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：1.8％阿维菌素100ml；10％农用链霉素200g；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；
5)饱果期滴灌施药，以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的，兼控制植株旺长，通过施药罐，随水滴入药剂，药剂主要成分及每亩用量：20％氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml；3％苯醚甲环唑40g；2.5％咯菌腈30ml；70％甲基硫菌灵300g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法，其特征在于：所述封闭型除草剂为50％甲戊·乙草胺。
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