CN106818123A - 一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,包括如下具体步骤:步骤1,提高播种质量,撒施地下杀虫剂;步骤2,机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜;步骤3,苗期滴灌施药,以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主,避免草害的滋生;步骤4,开花期滴灌施药,以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的;步骤5,饱果期滴灌施药,以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的,兼控制植株旺长。本发明取得的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,可以有效防治地下害虫、蚜虫;降低后期叶早衰、叶斑病病性指数降低41.51%,减少烂果、芽果率,提高饱果率10.8%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种花生病虫草害防治方法,特别是一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法。
背景技术
近几年来,随着花生种植效益提高,花生种植呈现逐年扩大的趋势。由于花生生产的粗放管理,病虫草害防治不力,致使病虫草害发生危害严重,造成产量下降,品质变劣,效益降低。美国花生持续增产的重要原因之一是普遍防治花生病虫草害,强调以化学防治为主,配合农业措施。加强花生病虫草害防治,重点抓好根部病害、地下害虫、杂草等的防治工作,已是花生种植的当务之急。本方法提出一种简便、高效、精准防治花生病虫草害的新技术,解决花生病虫草害防治过程中费时、费力、费药,且效果不明显的问题,提高花生生产效益,增加农民种植的积极性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:提供一种花生简便高效病虫草害防治方法,减少高毒农药的使用、减少人工喷药的危害、提高防治的效果和针对性,实现简便高效的花生种植。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,包括如下具体步骤:
步骤1,提高播种质量,撒施地下杀虫剂:精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2%的种子进行播种,按每亩5kg的用量撒施5%克百威,随种子播于播种沟内,垄面喷施封闭型除草剂,按每亩200ml用量喷施;
步骤2,机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜:按一带双行铺设滴灌带,要均匀铺设在播种行中间,采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带,滴孔距离15cm;
步骤3,苗期滴灌施药,以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主,避免草害的滋生,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:48%氟乐灵140ml;10%农用链霉素200g;40%毒死蜱80ml;10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;1.8%阿维菌素50ml;5%精喹禾灵80ml;
步骤4,开花期滴灌施药,以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:1.8%阿维菌素100ml;10%农用链霉素200g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;
步骤5,饱果期滴灌施药,以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的,兼控制植株旺长,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;70%甲基硫菌灵300g。
进一步,本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,所述封闭型除草剂为50%甲戊·乙草胺。
本发明取得的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,可以有效防治地下害虫、蚜虫;降低后期叶早衰、叶斑病病性指数降低41.51%,减少烂果、芽果率,提高饱果率10.8%。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的保护范围。
在山东省菏泽市选取2亩花生田,分为两份,每份1亩,分别表示为1号田和2号田,其中1号田采用常规花生病虫草害防治方法。
2号田采用本发明的防治方法,即:
第一步,提高播种质量,撒施地下杀虫剂:精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2%的种子进行播种,按每亩5kg的用量撒施5%克百威,随种子播于播种沟内,垄面喷施封闭型除草剂,按每亩200ml用量喷施;
第二步,机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带和覆膜:按一带双行铺设滴灌带,要均匀铺设在播种行中间,采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带,滴孔距离15cm;
第三步,苗期滴灌施药,以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主,避免草害的滋生,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:48%氟乐灵140ml;10%农用链霉素200g;40%毒死蜱80ml;10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;1.8%阿维菌素50ml;5%精喹禾灵80ml;
第四步,开花期滴灌施药,以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:1.8%阿维菌素100ml;10%农用链霉素200g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;
第五步,饱果期滴灌施药,以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的,兼控制植株旺长,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;70%甲基硫菌灵300g。
进一步,本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,所述封闭型除草剂为50%甲戊·乙草胺。
本发明的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,对1号田和2号田的主要参数分别进行测算,详情参见表1。
对1号田和2号田的相关参数分别进行测算,详情参见表1。
表1
参照表1,采用本发明方法栽培的花生,总杂草数降低83.4%,总地下害虫数降低83.0%,有效控制了蚜虫数;叶斑病病性指数降低41.51%;减少烂果、芽果率,提高饱果率10.8%。
Claims (2)
1.一种简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
1)提高播种质量,撒施地下杀虫剂:精选籽粒饱满、病菌携带率低于2%的种子进行播种,按每亩5kg的用量撒施5%克百威,随种子播于播种沟内,垄面喷施封闭型除草剂,按每亩200ml用量喷施;
2)机械化起垄、播种、铺设滴灌带、覆膜:按一带双行铺设滴灌带,要均匀铺设在播种行中间,采用斜七孔迷宫式滴灌带,滴孔距离15cm;
3)苗期滴灌施药,以防治地下害虫、花生茎腐病、白绢病和蚜虫为主,避免草害的滋生,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:48%氟乐灵140ml;10%农用链霉素200g;40%毒死蜱80ml;10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;1.8%阿维菌素50ml;5%精喹禾灵80ml;
4)开花期滴灌施药,以防治红蜘蛛、甜菜夜蛾幼虫、花生茎腐病和白绢病为目的,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:1.8%阿维菌素100ml;10%农用链霉素200g;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;
5)饱果期滴灌施药,以防治甜菜夜蛾幼虫和叶斑病为目的,兼控制植株旺长,通过施药罐,随水滴入药剂,药剂主要成分及每亩用量:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺40ml;3%苯醚甲环唑40g;2.5%咯菌腈30ml;70%甲基硫菌灵300g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的简便高效的花生病虫草害防治方法,其特征在于:所述封闭型除草剂为50%甲戊·乙草胺。
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CN111296214A (zh) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-19 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | 一种花生土传真菌室内接种方法 |
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