CN106817326A - The pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long - Google Patents

The pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long Download PDF

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CN106817326A
CN106817326A CN201611206453.5A CN201611206453A CN106817326A CN 106817326 A CN106817326 A CN 106817326A CN 201611206453 A CN201611206453 A CN 201611206453A CN 106817326 A CN106817326 A CN 106817326A
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CN106817326B (en
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强芳芳
赵知劲
顾骁炜
沈雷
尚俊娜
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0238—Channel estimation using blind estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7156—Arrangements for sequence synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
    • H04L25/03305—Joint sequence estimation and interference removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
    • H04L27/2695—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation with channel estimation, e.g. determination of delay spread, derivative or peak tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/0022—PN, e.g. Kronecker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/004—Orthogonal
    • H04J13/0044—OVSF [orthogonal variable spreading factor]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pseudo-code blind estimating method of short code direct sequence signal long of multi-user's cycle.Short code direct sequence signal long of baroque multi-user's cycle is modeled as blind separation form by the present invention according to its short spreading code and the cycle of scrambler long；The mixing PN sequence fragments of each user are separated based on Fast ICA algorithms, and reassembles into Fuzzy Ordered row；Using the displacement additivity of m-sequence, eliminating information code and spreading code using secondary delay multiplication method influences；With reference to cyclotomic cosets theoretical calculation signal triple correlation function, so that it is determined that the mixing PN sequences and third-order correlation peak point of user, complete scrambler and estimate with the oblique elimination of matrix, completing spreading code with segment delay cross-correlation method after descramble signal estimates.The present invention makes full use of Fast ICA algorithms and m-sequence third-order correlation characteristic, realizes two blind estimates of pseudo noise code to multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long.

Description

The pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long
Technical field
The invention belongs to the blind parameter Estimation field of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal in communication countermeasure, and in particular to non-cooperation is led to The pseudo-code method of estimation of multi-user's cycle direct sequence signal of the lower short code spread spectrum long code scrambling of letter.
Background technology
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, DSSS) is the master of spread spectrum technic Want one of mode.It has strong antijamming capability, good confidentiality, it is easy to the advantages of CDMA, has in military, commercial communication It is widely used.According to signal structure, DSSS signals can be divided into：Short code direct sequence signal, long code direct sequence signal, short code spread spectrum long code Scrambling direct sequence signal (short code direct sequence signal referred to as long).
In communication countermeasure, the features such as just because of the strong antijamming capability of direct sequence signal, good concealment so that non-cooperation Direct sequence signal detecting and blind parameter Estimation under signal intelligence is extremely difficult.In non-cooperative communication, pseudorandom (PN) code is estimated It is the premise and key of information acquisition.PN yards of Estimation Study of short code direct sequence signal comparative maturity, the PN of long code direct sequence signal Code Estimation Study also has been achieved for certain achievement.But short code direct sequence signal long is stronger due to complex structure, confidentiality, to PN Code is estimated to bring bigger difficulty and challenge.
Existing direct sequence signal spread code estimation method mainly has：Correlation matrix feature decomposition method, neural network, matching Filter method and three boundary's correlation methods.For multi-user's short code direct sequence signal long, wherein not only comprising multiple users, and in each user Two pseudo-codes are included again, and the above method is not applied to.The current pseudo-code Estimation Study on multi-user's short code direct sequence signal long is also In the starting stage, it is necessary to deeper into exploration.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed in non-cooperative communication the pseudo-code for being unable to estimate multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long Problem, proposes a kind of pseudo noise code blind estimating method based on Fast-ICA algorithms and third-order correlation, so as to solve multi-user The pseudo-code estimation problem of cycle short code direct sequence signal long.
It is the step of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal pseudo-code blind estimating method long in the present invention：
Step 1, multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long is converted into baseband signal, root with spreading code chip polydispersity index Baseband signal is segmented and blind separation model is built into according to short spreading code and scrambler cycle long, by fast independent component analysis (Fast-ICA) the isolated each user's mixing PN sequence fragments of algorithm；
When step 2, the mixing PN sequences of first user of estimation, splice isolated sequence fragment and obtain complete mixing The fuzzy sequences of PN are closed, using the displacement additivity of m-sequence, eliminating information code and spreading code using secondary delay multiplication method influences；
Step 3, the triple correlation function value with reference to cyclotomic cosets theoretical calculation postpones signal, obtain possible peak point and sit Mark；
Forward and reverse triple correlation function average value at step 4, the possible peak point coordinate set of calculating, maximum average value institute Corresponding sequence is correct user's mixing PN sequences；
Step 5, the scrambler for completing user according to the oblique elimination of matrix are estimated, to the mixing PN sequences descrambling of user, with segmentation Postpone cross-correlation method and complete spreading code estimation；
Step 6, all mixing PN sequence fragments for having estimated user removed in step 1, repeat step 2-5 can successively Obtain mixing PN sequences, scrambler and the spreading code of all users.
The present invention makes full use of the design feature of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long, and blind point is built by signal subsection From model, realize that each user mixes the separation of PN sequence fragments by Fast-ICA algorithms.
Whole mixing PN sequence fragments that the present invention will be obtained splice in order, obtain all possible mixing PN Fuzzy Ordereds Arrange, then correct user's mixing PN sequences are necessarily present in wherein.
The present invention eliminates information code by delay multiplication method twice to be influenceed to be influenceed with spreading code, so that can be by third-order correlation Characteristic estimating scrambler.Possible peak point is determined with reference to the triple correlation function of cyclotomic cosets theoretical calculation signal, is substantially reduced Computation complexity and reduce amount of calculation.
, to reduce the influence that noise is estimated pseudo-code, using the property of peak point, calculating may peak value point coordinates for the present invention The average value of forward and reverse triple correlation function at place, so as to improve the search precision of correct mixing PN sequences.
Each peak point is expressed as polynomial form by the present invention, and seeks highest common divisor formula two-by-two, then can obtain signal The primitive polynomial of scrambler long is estimated.
The present invention estimate obtain signal scrambler long after, using the linear displacement superimposed characteristics of m-sequence, ingenious point Section, is descrambled using correlation method is segmented to signal, then realizes that spreading code is estimated by the signal Synchronos method of segment delay cross-correlation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long is modeled as blind source signal separation problem, will can be tied by the modeling The complicated signal model of structure simplifies.
2nd, the influence that information code and spreading code are estimated scrambler long is eliminated by delay multiplication method twice, using m-sequence Third-order correlation characteristic, cyclotomic cosets theory, peak point property etc., not only operand lower, also substantially increase determination mixing The degree of accuracy of PN sequences, so that improving scrambler estimates performance.
3rd, after mixing PN sequence descramblings, complete to estimate short spreading code with the signal Synchronos method of segment delay cross-correlation, Final scrambler long and the estimation of short spreading code for realizing each user in signal.
Specific embodiment
Implementation steps of the invention are illustrated in detail further below.
The pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long is converted into baseband signal, root with spreading code chip polydispersity index Baseband signal is segmented and blind separation model is built into according to short spreading code and scrambler cycle long, by fast independent component analysis (Fast-ICA) the isolated each user's mixing PN sequence fragments of algorithm；It is specific as follows：
Multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long that 1-1. will be received then is used for i-th with spreading code chip polydispersity index The baseband signal at family is expressed as：
ui(n)=Aidi(n)hi(n)ki(n), n=1,2,3 ... N (1)
Wherein, n is sampling instant, and N is baseband signal length；AiIt is i-th signal amplitude of user；di(n)、hi(n)、 kiN () represents i-th information code of user, spreading code and scrambler respectively.Spreading code is L from the cyclesOvsf code, scrambler It is L from the cyclelM-sequence, and meet condition Ll=VLs, wherein V is a positive integer.There is all users identical to spread Code cycle and scrambler cycle, then each subscriber signal be divided into Z=N/LlIndividual fragment.
Multi-user's cycle, short code direct sequence signal long was expressed as：
Wherein M is user's number, and w (n) is zero mean Gaussian white noise, and variance is σ2。
1-2. is segmented to baseband signal and is built into blind separation model according to short spreading code and scrambler cycle long, specifically such as Under：
First according to the scrambler cycle, signal will be received and be divided into Z=N/LlIndividual sequence fragment, each sequence fragment length is Ll, The signal that Z array element is received can be regarded as.Each array element signals is segmented further according to the spreading code cycle, obtains V=Ll/LsIndividual sequence Column-slice section, length is Ls.Then the reception signal of v-th fragment is represented by：
It is built into blind separation model：
R (v, a)=A (v) B (v, a)+W (v, a), a=1,2,3 ..., Ls (4)
Wherein
B (v, a)=[s1(v,a) s2(v,a) … sM(v,a)]T；si(v, a)=hi(a)ki((v-1)·Ls+a)；
W (v, a)=[w1((v-1)·Ls+a) w2((v-1)·Ls+a) … wZ((v-1)·Ls+a)]T；
With Fast-ICA algorithms, isolated each user mixes PN sequence fragments, is designated asI=1,2 ... M, v=1, 2,…V。
When step 2, the mixing PN sequences of first user of estimation, splice isolated sequence fragment and obtain complete mixing The fuzzy sequences of PN are closed, using the displacement additivity of m-sequence, eliminating information code and spreading code using secondary delay multiplication method influences. It is specific as follows：
Sequence fragment isolated in step 1 is spliced and can obtain M by 2-1. in orderVIndividual different fuzzy sequence αt (n), t=1,2 ... MV, length is Ll, αtN () is expressed as：
Wherein i1,i2,…iV=1,2 ... M.All of αt(n) be spliced to form by the continuous subsegment of V but only M Individual is required user's mixing PN sequences, and this M special sequence is designated as
2-2. estimates first mixing PN sequence of user, it is assumed thatBe first sequence fragment of user, then the use FamilyCan be by (V-1) M remaining subsegmentTo splice, wherein i2,…iV=1,2 ... M,In t=1,2 ... MV-1。
2-3. is to eliminate the influence that information code and spreading code are estimated scrambler, using the displacement superimposed characteristics of m-sequence, twice Delay multiplication：
Step 3, the triple correlation function value with reference to cyclotomic cosets theoretical calculation postpones signal, obtain possible peak point and sit Mark.
Determine the cyclotomic cosets of scrambler, it is assumed that there are J finite aggregate, the coset head of this J finite aggregate is charged into set { ηj | j=1,2,3 ..., J }.The postpones signal that computing relay multiplication is obtainedPositive triple correlation function (TCF), wherein t= 1,2,…MV-1：
Wherein j=1,2 ... J, q=1,2 ... Ll, find J it is maximumCorresponding coordinate, i.e., most possibly TCF peak value point coordinates, charge to set
Forward and reverse triple correlation function average value at step 4, the possible peak point coordinate set of calculating, maximum average value institute Corresponding sequence is correct user's mixing PN sequences；
The forward and reverse triple correlation function of m-sequence has C+(p, q)=C-The property of (p, p-q) (wherein p ＞ q), even (p, Q) it is positive TCF peak points, then (p, p-q) is reverse TCF peak values point coordinates.To reduce the influence that noise is estimated scrambler, can The search precision of PN mixed sequences is improved using this property, forward and reverse triple correlation function average value is calculated using following formula：
Step 5, the scrambler for completing user according to the oblique elimination of matrix are estimated, mutual with segment delay to mixing PN sequence descramblings Correlation method completes spreading code and estimates；
Find maximumIts corresponding fuzzy sequence seeks to the mixing PN sequences of first user for asking.To ask Corresponding each peak point of mixing PN sequences for obtaining is expressed as polynomial form, and seeks highest common divisor formula two-by-two, so as to obtain letter The primitive polynomial of number scrambler long is estimated.Then to mixing PN sequences descrambling, and with the signal Synchronos method of segment delay cross-correlation Complete to estimate short spreading code.
Step 6, all mixing PN sequence fragments for having estimated user removed in step 1, repeat step 2-5 can successively Obtain mixing PN sequences, scrambler and the spreading code of all users.
Reconstructed (M-1) by step 2V-1It is individual possibleWithWherein t=1,2 ... (M-1)V-1, obtain second The mixing PN sequences of individual user, then the scrambler and spreading code of second user are estimated by step 3-5.Repeating above procedure is It is available so the PN mixed sequences of user, scrambler and spreading code, are finally completed the puppet of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long Code is estimated.

Claims (5)

1. the pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long, it is characterised in that the method is comprised the following steps：
Step 1, multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long is converted into baseband signal with spreading code chip polydispersity index, according to short Spreading code and scrambler cycle long are segmented to baseband signal and are built into blind separation model, by fast independent component analysis algorithm point Mix PN sequence fragments from each user is obtained；
When step 2, the mixing PN sequences of first user of estimation, splice isolated sequence fragment and obtain complete mixing PN Fuzzy sequence, using the displacement additivity of m-sequence, eliminating information code and spreading code using secondary delay multiplication method influences；
Step 3, the triple correlation function value with reference to cyclotomic cosets theoretical calculation postpones signal, obtain possible peak value point coordinates；
Step 4, calculate may be at peak point coordinate set forward and reverse triple correlation function average value, corresponding to maximum average value Sequence be correct user mixing PN sequences；
Step 5, the scrambler for completing user according to the oblique elimination of matrix estimate that the mixing PN sequences to user descramble, and use segment delay Cross-correlation method completes spreading code and estimates；
Step 6, all mixing PN sequence fragments for having estimated user removed in step 1, repeat step 2-5 can be obtained successively The mixing PN sequences of all users, scrambler and spreading code.
2. the pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle according to claim 1 short code direct sequence signal long, it is characterised in that Step 1 specifically includes following content：
Multi-user's cycle short code direct sequence signal long that 1-1. will be received with spreading code chip polydispersity index, then i-th user Baseband signal is expressed as：
ui(n)=Aidi(n)hi(n)ki(n), n=1,2,3 ... N (1)
Wherein, n is sampling instant, and N is baseband signal length；AiIt is i-th signal amplitude of user；di(n)、hi(n)、ki(n) I-th information code of user, spreading code and scrambler are represented respectively；Spreading code is L from the cyclesOvsf code, scrambler select Cycle is LlM-sequence, and meet condition Ll=VLs, wherein V is a positive integer；All users have identical spreading code week Phase and scrambler cycle, then each subscriber signal be divided into Z=N/LlIndividual fragment；
Multi-user's cycle, short code direct sequence signal long was expressed as：
r ( n ) = Σ i = 1 M u i ( n ) + w ( n ) - - - ( 2 )
Wherein M is user's number, and w (n) is zero mean Gaussian white noise, and variance is σ2；
1-2. is segmented to baseband signal according to short spreading code and scrambler cycle long and is built into blind separation model, specific as follows：
First according to the scrambler cycle, signal will be received and be divided into Z=N/LlIndividual sequence fragment, each sequence fragment length is Ll, can see Into the signal that Z array element is received；Each array element signals is segmented further according to the spreading code cycle, obtains V=Ll/LsIndividual tract Section, length is Ls；Then the reception signal of v-th fragment is represented by：
It is built into blind separation model：
R (v, a)=A (v) B (v, a)+W (v, a), a=1,2,3 ..., Ls(4)
Wherein
B (v, a)=[s1(v,a) s2(v,a) … sM(v,a)]T；si(v, a)=hi(a)ki((v-1)·Ls+a)；
W (v, a)=[w1((v-1)·Ls+a) w2((v-1)·Ls+a) … wZ((v-1)·Ls+a)]T；
With Fast-ICA algorithms, isolated each user mixes PN sequence fragments, is designated asI=1,2 ... M, v=1,2 ... V。
3. the pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle according to claim 1 short code direct sequence signal long, it is characterised in that It is specific as follows in step 2：
Sequence fragment isolated in step 1 is spliced and can obtain M by 2-1. in orderVIndividual different fuzzy sequence αt(n), t =1,2 ... MV, length is Ll, αtN () is expressed as：
α t ( n ) = [ S ^ i 1 ( 1 ) S ^ i 2 ( 2 ) ... S ^ i V ( V ) ] - - - ( 5 )
Wherein i1,i2,…iV=1,2 ... M.All of αtN () is spliced to form by V continuous subsegment, but only M is Required user's mixing PN sequences, this M special sequence is designated as
2-2. estimates first mixing PN sequence of user, it is assumed thatBe first sequence fragment of user, then the userCan be by (V-1) M remaining subsegmentTo splice, i2,…iV=1,2 ... M；WhereinIn T=1,2 ... MV-1；
2-3. is to eliminate the influence that information code and spreading code are estimated scrambler, using the displacement superimposed characteristics of m-sequence, is postponed twice It is multiplied：
β t 1 ( n ) = α t 1 ( n ) α t 1 ( ( n + L s ) modL l ) γ t 1 ( n ) = β t 1 ( n ) β t 1 ( ( n + 1 ) modL l ) - - - ( 6 ) .
4. the pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle according to claim 1 short code direct sequence signal long, it is characterised in that Step 3 is specific as follows：
Determine the cyclotomic cosets of scrambler, it is assumed that there are J finite aggregate, the coset head of this J finite aggregate is charged into set { ηj| j= 1,2,3,…,J}；The postpones signal that computing relay multiplication is obtainedPositive triple correlation function (TCF), wherein t=1, 2,…MV-1：
C t + ( η j , q ) = 1 L l Σ i = 1 L l γ t 1 ( i ) γ t 1 ( i + p ) γ t 1 ( i + q ) - - - ( 7 )
Wherein j=1,2 ... J, q=1,2 ... Ll, find J it is maximumCorresponding coordinate, i.e., most possible TCF Peak value point coordinates, charges to set
5. the pseudo-code blind estimating method of multi-user's cycle according to claim 1 short code direct sequence signal long, it is characterised in that In step 4 and step 5：
To reduce the influence that noise is estimated scrambler in step 4, using the characteristic of m-sequence triple correlation function, calculate forward and reverse The average value of triple correlation function：
C ‾ ( Φ t 1 ) = Σ ( p j t , q j t ) ∈ Φ t [ C t + ( p j t , q j t ) + C t - ( p j t , p j t - q j t ) ] 2 J - - - ( 8 ) ;
Maximum is found in step 5Its corresponding fuzzy sequence is exactly first mixing PN sequence of user, will be tried to achieve Corresponding each peak point of sequence is expressed as polynomial form, and seeks highest common divisor formula two-by-two, so as to obtain Chief Signal Boatswain scrambler Primitive polynomial is estimated.Then to mixing PN sequence descramblings, and completed to short expansion with the signal Synchronos method of segment delay cross-correlation Frequency code is estimated.
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