CN106815792A - A kind of method that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on black box theory - Google Patents
A kind of method that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on black box theory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the computational methods of evacuating personnel time in building based on " black box theory ".Mainly include the following steps that：1）The quantity that monitor in real time building each outlet personnel flow into and out, counts personnel's hold-up in a period of time interior building；2）According to building interior space feature, density of personnel in building is calculated；3）According to hydraulic calculation formula, the action time used by evacuating personnel in theory is calculated；4）The total time used by safety evacuation is calculated further according to evacuating personnel time formula.The opertions engineering of " black box theory " only needs to measure building entirety personnel and enters and personnel's two parameters of outflow, so as to avoid due to building space is big, internal structure is complicated and the reason such as densely populated place causes researcher's flowing law difficult the problems such as, the accuracy that personnel's hold-up and density of personnel are determined is improve, there is wide applicability in this area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to safety techniques for construction field, when espespecially a kind of utilization " black box theory " calculates building evacuating personnel
Between method.
Background technology
The building evacuating personnel action time mainly by building interior density of personnel, the evacuation capacity of extra exit (is evacuated out
Mouthful width, quantity and position) and building in the factor such as personnel characteristics to be evacuated influence.Density of personnel is in building among these
Influence evacuating personnel time most important factor, therefore, obtain that one true, the density of personnel of science is that researcher evacuates
Premise.China is existing《Code for fire protection design of buildings》The method that GB50016-2014 gives a set of computing staff's density, but
The method result of calculation is guarded, and without specific aim, is not suitable for calculating the building that some internal structures are complicated, have specific use
Density of personnel.For the phenomenon, this patent proposes with " black box theory " method to calculate personnel's density of load in building.
In cybernetics, "black box" is the general designation of unknown region or system." black box theory " is exactly to study black box problem
And its theory of solution.The characteristics of " black box theory " is to make system global optimization, i.e., need not consider the mutual of internal system
Contact, from the entirety of system, emphasis solves part and the relation between entirety, entirety and outside, so as to solve actually to ask
Topic.Personnel are in migration state between floors, and at every moment have personnel to pass in and out building, add interior of building empty
Between big, internal structure it is complicated, each local density of personnel in our inconvenient direct surveys research buildings, but interior of building personnel
The characteristics of hold-up statistics meets black box theory.We regard building as black box in itself, do not consider internal staff's flowing to building
The influence that density of personnel is caused is built, the quantity of building personnel is entered and left so as to researcher's hold-up by statistics, then
Further computing staff's density, such that it is able to realize the statistics of building density of personnel.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind based on " black box theory " to calculate evacuating personnel in building
The method of time.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides one kind based on " black box theory " to calculate evacuating personnel in building
The method of time, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) monitor in real time and record the quantity that each gateway personnel flow into and out, built when counting different in people
The hold-up of member；
According to the principle of black box theory, the interior quantity for entering building personnel of certain hour is subtracted leaves building personnel's
Quantity is the increment of personnel in the time period, i.e.,：Δ y=Δs x1-Δx2, y is the quantity of building assigned personnel, and Δ y is should
The increment of personnel, Δ x in time period building1、Δx2Respectively personnel flow into and out the quantity of building.
Personnel amount rate of change in time period buildingCan abbreviation be
A (t), b (t) are respectively inlet/outlet people flow rate, and its value is each inlet/outlet personnel speed sum, i.e.,：
ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th personnel's speed of inlet/outlet respectively.
Build time period personnel's total amount：Wherein y (t+ Δs t)
Refer to personnel's total amount in moment building.
(2) according to interior of building situation, the interior personnel's distribution characteristics of analysis building simultaneously calculates density of personnel in building；
(3) according to hydraulic calculation formula, the action time T used by evacuating personnel is calculatedt；
It is assumed that personnel are evenly distributed in building, and in the fire compartment that building delimited, evacuating personnel speed vevIt is represented byEvacuation coefficient k is typically taken as 1.4, vmaxMost fast evacuation speed during for evacuating personnel, its value by
Crowd's classification determines that ρ is density of personnel.The to be evacuated evacuating personnel nearest apart from extra exit is to safety in fire compartment j
Outlet time t usedj' be represented by：Wherein lminIt is length nearest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j
Degree, m.
In fire compartment j apart from extra exit it is farthest treat time t of the evacuation personnel used by extra exitj" can represent
For：Wherein lmaxIt is length farthest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m.Personnel arrive in fire compartment j
During up to the extra exit that can lead directly to outdoor, by the way that the time used by the extra exit is by the evacuation capacity of extra exit and treats
Number of evacuation decision, treats number of evacuation P in fire compartment jjFor：Pj=Sj×ρj, wherein SjIt is the construction area of the fire compartment,
ρjIt is density of personnel in the fire compartment.Time t used by the extra exit that then personnel pass through straight-through outdoor in fire compartment jj" ' can
It is expressed as：Now evacuation action time is the fire compartment evacuation personnel nearest from emergency exit
The straight-through outdoor security outlet of safety time sum used, i.e. tj'+tj”'。NjIt is passing through that the straight-through outdoor security is exported
Coefficient, people/ms, BjThe width of straight-through outdoor security outlet.Personnel pass through coefficient NjCan be expressed as：Nj=k ρj×(1-
0.266ρj)。
Personnel's action total time T in buildingtThe maximum of each fire compartment evacuation action time, i.e. Tt=max (tj”,tj'
+tj”')。
(4) the total time T according to used by evacuating personnel formula calculates evacuating personnelREST：TRSET=Td+Tpre+k·Tt,
Wherein TdIt is fire protection warning time, TpreIt is personnel reaction time, s in building.
In the step (1), the quantity that each gateway personnel of building flow into and out is recorded, so as to draw not
Simultaneously with the hold-up of personnel in building, specific method is：
(11) according to the principle of black box theory, the quantity of the personnel for entering building in setting time section subtracts to leave builds
The increment of personnel in the quantity of the personnel for building thing as time period, i.e.,：Δ y=Δs x1-Δx2, Δ y is the time period building
The increment of interior personnel, Δ x1、Δx2Respectively personnel flow into and out the personnel amount of building；
(12) personnel amount rate of change in setting time section Δ t buildingsAbbreviation isA (t), b (t) are respectively entrance, outlet people flow rate, its value be each entrance, outlet personnel speed it
With that is,：
ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th entrance, personnel's speed of outlet respectively, m, n are respectively entrance, the total quantity of outlet；
(13) time period personnel's total amount in building：Wherein y
(t+ Δs t) refers to personnel's total amount in the moment building, and y (t) is the quantity of the original personnel of building.
In the step (2), density of personnel computing formula is in building：
Wherein, t refers to the time, and Δ t refers to setting time section, ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th entrance, personnel's speed of outlet, m, n difference respectively
It is entrance, the total quantity of outlet.
In the step (3), action time used, specific method are evacuated by hydraulic calculation formula computing staff
For：
(31) personnel are evenly distributed in setting building, in the fire compartment that building delimited, evacuating personnel speed vev
It is expressed asK is evacuation coefficient, vmaxMost fast evacuation speed during for evacuating personnel, its value is by crowd
Classification determines that ρ is density of personnel；The to be evacuated evacuating personnel nearest apart from extra exit is to extra exit in fire compartment j
Time t usedj' be expressed as：Wherein lminIt is length nearest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m；
(32) in fire compartment j apart from extra exit it is farthest treat time t of the evacuation personnel used by extra exitj" table
It is shown as：Wherein lmaxIt is length farthest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m；
(33) when personnel reach the extra exit that can lead directly to outdoor in fire compartment j, by used by the extra exit
Time by extra exit evacuation capacity and treat that number of evacuation is determined, number of evacuation P is treated in fire compartment jjFor：Pj=Sj×
ρj, wherein SjIt is the construction area of the fire compartment, ρjIt is density of personnel in the fire compartment；
Time t used by the extra exit that then personnel pass through straight-through outdoor in fire compartment jj" ' be expressed as：NjIt is straight-through outdoor security outlet by coefficient, people/ms, BjStraight-through outdoor security outlet
Width；By coefficient NjIt is expressed as：Nj=k ρj×(1-0.266ρj)；
(34) when outdoor exit width is led directly in building enough greatly or when evacuation personnel are relatively fewer, then should
The evacuating width of extra exit influences smaller to evacuation action time, therefore the time ignores, and now goes out safely from fire compartment
Time used by the evacuating personnel to be evacuated to outdoor of mouth farthest is total evacuation time, i.e. Tt=ti”.When the peace for leading directly to outdoor
Full outlet is narrower or when evacuation personnel are more, treats that evacuation personnel need to be waited at the extra exit, therefore when always evacuating
Between be away from fire compartment extra exit most nearby evacuating personnel to the time led directly at outdoor extra exit with by leading directly to
Outdoor security Outlet time sum, i.e. Tt=ti'+ti”'.Action time T in building used by evacuating personneltIt is each fire prevention point
The maximum of area's evacuation action time, i.e. Tt=max (ti”,ti'+ti”')。
In the step (4), the total time T in building used by evacuating personnelRESTIt is expressed as：TRSET=Td+Tpre+
k·Tt, wherein TdIt is fire protection warning time, TpreIt it is the personnel reaction time in building, s, k are evacuation coefficient.
Evacuation coefficient k values are 1.4.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows, with " black box theory " methodological science, building density of personnel is truly calculated,
The effective weak point made up in specification, is that computing staff's evacuation time and evacuation simulation provide basis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is " black box theory " schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is construction personnel density black-box model.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of side that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on " black box theory " of the invention
Method, comprises the following steps：
(1) monitor in real time and the quantity that each gateway personnel flow into and out is recorded, is counted in do not build in the same time
The hold-up of personnel；
(2) according to interior of building situation, the interior personnel's distribution characteristics of analysis building simultaneously calculates density of personnel in building；
(3) according to hydraulic calculation formula, the action time T used by evacuating personnel is calculatedt；
(4) the total time T according to used by evacuating personnel formula calculates evacuating personnelREST。
In the step 1) in, the quantity that record building each gateway personnel flow into and out, during so as to drawing different
With the hold-up of personnel in building, specific method is：
(11) according to the principle of black box theory, the interior quantity for entering building personnel of certain hour is subtracted leaves building people
The quantity of member is the increment of personnel in the time period, i.e.,：Δ y=Δs x1-Δx2, y is the quantity of building assigned personnel, Δ y
It is the increment of personnel in time period building, Δ x1、Δx2Respectively personnel flow into and out the quantity of building；
(12) personnel amount rate of change in time period buildingCan abbreviation beA (t), b (t) are respectively inlet/outlet people flow rate, its value be each inlet/outlet personnel speed it
With that is,：
ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th personnel's speed of inlet/outlet respectively；
(13) time period personnel's total amount is built：Wherein y (t+
Δ t) refers to personnel's total amount in moment building.
In the step 2) in, density of personnel can be expressed as in building：
In the step 3) in, the action time used by evacuating is calculated by hydraulic calculation formula, specific method is：
(31) assume that personnel are evenly distributed in building, in the fire compartment that building delimited, evacuating personnel speed vevCan table
It is shown asEvacuation coefficient k is typically taken as 1.4, vmaxMost fast evacuation speed during for evacuating personnel, its
Value is determined that ρ is density of personnel by crowd's classification.The to be evacuated evacuating personnel nearest apart from extra exit be extremely in fire compartment j
Time t used by extra exitj' be represented by：Wherein lminFor nearest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j
Length, m；
(32) in fire compartment j apart from extra exit it is farthest treat time t of the evacuation personnel used by extra exitj" can
It is expressed as：Wherein lmaxIt is length farthest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m；
(33) when personnel reach the extra exit that can lead directly to outdoor in fire compartment j, by used by the extra exit
Time by extra exit evacuation capacity and treat that number of evacuation is determined, number of evacuation P is treated in fire compartment jjFor：Pj=Sj×
ρj, wherein SjIt is the construction area of the fire compartment, ρjIt is density of personnel in the fire compartment；Then personnel pass through in fire compartment j
Lead directly to time t used by outdoor extra exitj" ' be represented by：Now evacuation action time is to be somebody's turn to do
The fire compartment evacuation personal security nearest from emergency exit exports time sum used, i.e. t by leading directly to outdoor securityj'+
tj”'；NjIt is straight-through outdoor security outlet by coefficient, people/ms, BjThe width of straight-through outdoor security outlet.Personnel are led to
Cross coefficient NjCan be expressed as：Nj=k ρj×(1-0.266ρj)；
(34) personnel's action total time T in buildingtThe maximum of each fire compartment evacuation action time, i.e. Tt=max
(tj”,tj'+tj”')。
In the step 4) in, evacuating personnel total time T in buildingRESTCan be expressed as：TRSET=Td+Tpre+k·Tt,
Wherein TdIt is fire protection warning time, TpreIt is personnel reaction time, s in building.
The opertions engineering of " black box theory " only needs to determine building entirety personnel into two parameters of personnel's outflow i.e.
Can, so as to avoid because building space is big, internal structure is complicated and the reason such as densely populated place causes researcher to flow rule
The problems such as rule is difficult, improves the accuracy that personnel's hold-up and density of personnel are determined, and has wide applicability in this area.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of based on black box theory calculate building in the evacuating personnel time method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) monitor in real time and the quantity that each gateway personnel of building flow into and out is recorded, counts and do not build in the same time
Build the hold-up of interior personnel；
(2) according to interior of building situation, the interior personnel's distribution characteristics of analysis building simultaneously calculates density of personnel in building；
(3) according to hydraulic calculation formula, the action time T used by evacuating personnel in building is calculatedt；
(4) the total time T used by evacuating personnel in building is calculatedREST。
2. a kind of method that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on black box theory according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In the step (1), the quantity that each gateway personnel of building flow into and out is recorded, so as to draw not
Simultaneously with the hold-up of personnel in building, specific method is：
(11) according to the principle of black box theory, the quantity of the personnel for entering building in setting time section is subtracted leaves building
The quantity of personnel be the increment of personnel in the time period, i.e.,：Δ y=Δs x1-Δx2, Δ y is people in the time period building
The increment of member, Δ x1、Δx2Respectively personnel flow into and out the personnel amount of building；
(12) personnel amount rate of change in setting time section Δ t buildingsAbbreviation isA (t), b (t) are respectively entrance, outlet people flow rate, its value be each entrance, outlet personnel speed it
With that is,：
ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th entrance, personnel's speed of outlet respectively, m, n are respectively entrance, the total quantity of outlet；
(13) time period personnel's total amount in building：Wherein y (t+
Δ t) refers to personnel's total amount in the moment building, and y (t) is the quantity of the original personnel of building.
3. it is according to claim 1 and 2 it is a kind of based on black box theory calculate building in the evacuating personnel time method, its
It is characterised by：In the step (2), density of personnel computing formula is in t+ Δ t buildings：Wherein, t refers to certain moment, and Δ t refers to setting time section, when ρ (t) refers to t
Carve density of personnel in building, ai(t)、biT () refers to i-th entrance, personnel's speed of outlet respectively, m, n are respectively entrance, outlet
Total quantity.
4. a kind of method that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on black box theory according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：In the step (3), the action time used is evacuated by hydraulic calculation formula computing staff, specific method is：
(31) personnel are evenly distributed in setting building, in the fire compartment that building delimited, evacuating personnel speed vevRepresent
ForK is evacuation coefficient, vmaxMost fast evacuation speed during for evacuating personnel, its value is by crowd's classification
Determine, ρ is density of personnel；In the fire compartment j used by evacuating personnel to be evacuated to the extra exit nearest apart from extra exit
Time tj' be expressed as：Wherein lminIt is length nearest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m；
(32) in fire compartment j apart from extra exit it is farthest treat time t of the evacuation personnel used by extra exitj" be expressed as：Wherein lmaxIt is length farthest from Safe Escape Distance in fire compartment j, m；
(33) when personnel reach the extra exit that can lead directly to outdoor in fire compartment j, by the time used by the extra exit
By extra exit evacuation capacity and treat that number of evacuation is determined, number of evacuation P is treated in fire compartment jjFor：Pj=Sj×ρj, its
Middle SjIt is the construction area of the fire compartment, ρjIt is density of personnel in the fire compartment；Then personnel pass through straight-through in fire compartment j
Time t used by outdoor extra exitj" ' be expressed as：NjIt is leading to that the straight-through outdoor security is exported
Cross coefficient, people/ms, BjThe width of straight-through outdoor security outlet；By coefficient NjIt is expressed as：Nj=k ρj×(1-0.266ρj)；
(34) it is enough big or when evacuation personnel are relatively fewer when outdoor exit width is led directly in building, then the safety
The evacuating width of outlet influences smaller to evacuation action time, therefore the time ignores, now from fire compartment extra exit most
Time used by the evacuating personnel to be evacuated of distant place to outdoor is total evacuation time, i.e. Tt=ti”.When the safety for leading directly to outdoor goes out
Mouth is narrower or when evacuation personnel are more, treats that evacuation personnel need to be waited at the extra exit, therefore total evacuation time is
It is that most nearby evacuating personnel is outdoor with by leading directly to the time led directly at outdoor extra exit away from fire compartment extra exit
Extra exit time sum, i.e. Tt=ti'+ti”'.Action time T in building used by evacuating personneltFor each fire compartment is dredged
Dissipate the maximum of action time, i.e. Tt=max (ti”,ti'+ti”')。
5. according to claim 1 or 4 it is a kind of based on black box theory calculate building in the evacuating personnel time method, its
It is characterised by：In the step (4), the total time T in building used by evacuating personnelRESTIt is expressed as：TRSET=Td+Tpre+
k·Tt, wherein TdIt is fire protection warning time, TpreIt it is the personnel reaction time in building, s, k are evacuation coefficient.
6. a kind of method that the evacuating personnel time in building is calculated based on black box theory according to claim 5, it is special
Levy and be：Evacuation coefficient k values are 1.4.
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| CN110516331B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-06-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for calculating emergency escape and evacuation time of marine personnel under fire condition |
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