CN106814577B - Complex-amplitude holographic modulation method and system based on linear micro-nano structure - Google Patents
Complex-amplitude holographic modulation method and system based on linear micro-nano structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法与系统。所述方法包括S1，将线性微纳结构的每两个位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元；S2，基于所述复振幅调制单元，对每个位相调制单元进行位相编码，以对入射光进行复振幅编码调制，获得复振幅全息图。本发明将线性微纳结构的位相调制单元进行两两组合划分为一个复振幅调制单元，通过对所述复振幅调制单元的每个位相调制单元进行位相调制，即可对入射光的振幅和位相信息进行独立的调制，获得复振幅全息图影像。
The invention provides a complex amplitude holographic modulation method and system of linear micro-nano structure. The method includes S1, dividing every two phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit; S2, performing phase encoding on each phase modulation unit based on the complex amplitude modulation unit, so as to detect the incident light A complex amplitude coded modulation is performed to obtain a complex amplitude hologram. The present invention divides the phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit by combining them in pairs. By performing phase modulation on each phase modulation unit of the complex amplitude modulation unit, the amplitude and phase of the incident light can be adjusted. The information is independently modulated to obtain a complex-amplitude hologram image.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及全息技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法与系统。The invention relates to the technical field of holography, and more particularly, to a complex amplitude holographic modulation method and system based on a linear micro-nano structure.
背景技术Background technique
目前，计算全息技术中的一个重要研究方向，是运用微纳结构构成的超表面(metasurface)实现全息图像显示。与传统的空间光调制器类似，亚波长空间光调制器通过排列不同的调制单元实现对入射光的调制。通过将线性微纳结构构成的超表面(metasurfacce)作为亚波长空间光调制器来实现全息显示是全息技术的一个热门方向。通过设置不同的线性微纳结构单元，例如亚波长级纳米棒、开口环等来对全息图进行编码，可以实现对入射光的复振幅调制。At present, an important research direction in computational holography technology is to use metasurfaces composed of micro-nano structures to realize holographic image display. Similar to the traditional spatial light modulator, the subwavelength spatial light modulator realizes the modulation of the incident light by arranging different modulation units. It is a popular direction of holographic technology to realize holographic display by using metasurfacce composed of linear micro-nano structure as subwavelength spatial light modulator. By arranging different linear micro-nano structural units, such as sub-wavelength nanorods, split rings, etc., to encode the hologram, the complex amplitude modulation of the incident light can be achieved.
由于调制单元需要对入射光进行复振幅调制，即对入射光的位相调制和振幅调制需要相互独立，所以至少需要同时在一个调制单元上引入两个参数来满足调制要求，例如针对纳米级开口环，可以通过对环的开口大小和开口方向实现对振幅和位相的调制。但是由于两个参数在实际中存在误差，所以在实际应用而言引入了较多的数据并加大了实际操作难度，不利于实际加工。若使用位相调制单元可以降低所需参数并降低加工成本，但是仅能对入射光的位相信息进行调制，无法实现对入射光的复振幅调制。Since the modulation unit needs to perform complex amplitude modulation on the incident light, that is, the phase modulation and amplitude modulation of the incident light need to be independent of each other, so at least two parameters need to be introduced into one modulation unit at the same time to meet the modulation requirements, for example, for nanoscale split rings , the amplitude and phase can be modulated by the opening size and opening direction of the ring. However, due to the error of the two parameters in practice, more data is introduced in practical applications and the difficulty of actual operation is increased, which is not conducive to actual processing. If the phase modulation unit is used, the required parameters and the processing cost can be reduced, but only the phase information of the incident light can be modulated, and the complex amplitude modulation of the incident light cannot be realized.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的基于线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法与系统。The present invention provides a complex amplitude holographic modulation method and system based on a linear micro-nano structure that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法，包括：According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a complex amplitude holographic modulation method of linear micro-nano structure, comprising:
S1，将线性微纳结构的每两个位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元；S1, dividing every two phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit;
S2，基于所述复振幅调制单元，对每个位相调制单元进行位相编码，以对入射光进行复振幅编码调制，获得复振幅全息图。S2. Based on the complex amplitude modulation unit, phase encoding is performed on each phase modulation unit to perform complex amplitude encoding modulation on the incident light to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
进一步，所述S1进一步包括：将两个相邻的所述位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元。Further, the S1 further includes: dividing the two adjacent phase modulation units into one complex amplitude modulation unit.
进一步，所述S2进一步包括：Further, the S2 further includes:
S2.1，调整所述位相调制单元的特定参数实现位相编码；S2.1, adjusting specific parameters of the phase modulation unit to realize phase encoding;
S2.1，将所述入射光分别经过编码后的两个位相调制单元的出射光进行叠加，获得复振幅全息图。S2.1, superimpose the outgoing lights of the two phase modulation units after the incident light is encoded respectively, to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
具体的，所述线性微纳结构由圆环形天线结构、V形天线结构及金属棒形天线结构中的任意一种结构成片组成；每个位相调制单元包括所述线性微纳结构中的一个结构。Specifically, the linear micro-nano structure is composed of any one of a circular ring antenna structure, a V-shaped antenna structure, and a metal rod antenna structure; each phase modulation unit includes a a structure.
具体的，所述特定参数为所述线性微纳结构的一个结构参数。Specifically, the specific parameter is a structural parameter of the linear micro-nano structure.
具体的，基于金属棒形天线位相调制单元，设置金属棒形天线相同的粗细及长度，调整金属棒形天线的放置角度实现位相调制。Specifically, based on the phase modulation unit of the metal rod antenna, set the same thickness and length of the metal rod antenna, and adjust the placement angle of the metal rod antenna to realize phase modulation.
具体的，基于圆环形天线位相调制单元，设置圆环形天线相同的开口大小及圆环内外半径，调整圆环形天线的开口方向实现位相调制。Specifically, based on the phase modulation unit of the circular loop antenna, the same opening size and inner and outer radius of the circular loop antenna are set, and the opening direction of the circular loop antenna is adjusted to realize phase modulation.
具体的，基于V形天线位相调制单元，设置V形天线相同的粗细长度及张角大小，调整V形天线的张角方向实现位相调制。Specifically, based on the V-shaped antenna phase modulation unit, the V-shaped antenna is set to have the same thickness, length and opening angle, and the opening angle direction of the V-shaped antenna is adjusted to realize phase modulation.
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制系统，包括：According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a complex amplitude holographic modulation system of linear micro-nano structure, comprising:
调制单元划分模块，用于将线性微纳结构的每两个位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元；The modulation unit division module is used to divide every two phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit;
复振幅调制模块，用于基于所述复振幅调制单元，对每个位相调制单元进行位相编码，以对入射光进行复振幅编码调制，获得复振幅全息图。The complex amplitude modulation module is configured to perform phase encoding on each phase modulation unit based on the complex amplitude modulation unit, so as to perform complex amplitude encoding modulation on the incident light to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
本申请提出的一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法，将线性微纳结构的位相调制单元进行两两组合划分为一个复振幅调制单元，通过对所述复振幅调制单元的每个位相调制单元进行位相调制，即可对入射光的振幅和位相信息进行独立的调制，获得复振幅全息图影像。In a complex amplitude holographic modulation method of linear micro-nano structure proposed in the present application, the phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure are combined into two complex amplitude modulation units, and each phase modulation unit of the complex amplitude modulation unit is The modulation unit performs phase modulation, which can independently modulate the amplitude and phase information of the incident light to obtain a complex amplitude hologram image.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法流程图；1 is a flowchart of a complex amplitude holographic modulation method of a linear micro-nano structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明所述线性微纳结构实施例示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the linear micro-nano structure according to the present invention;
图3为本发明所述复振幅全息图复现示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the reproduction of the complex amplitude hologram according to the present invention;
图4为本发明一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制系统示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a complex amplitude holographic modulation system of a linear micro-nano structure according to the present invention.
附图标记说明Description of reference numerals
1、线性微纳结构，11、位相调制单元，12、两个位相调制单元合成的一个复振幅调制单元，2、入射光，3、复振幅全息图。1. Linear micro-nano structure, 11. Phase modulation unit, 12. A complex amplitude modulation unit synthesized by two phase modulation units, 2. Incident light, 3. Complex amplitude hologram.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制方法，包括：As shown in Figure 1, a complex amplitude holographic modulation method of linear micro-nano structure includes:
S1，将线性微纳结构的每两个位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元；S1, dividing every two phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit;
S2，基于所述复振幅调制单元，对每个位相调制单元进行位相编码，以对入射光进行复振幅编码调制，获得复振幅全息图。S2. Based on the complex amplitude modulation unit, phase encoding is performed on each phase modulation unit to perform complex amplitude encoding modulation on the incident light to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
本发明将线性微纳结构的位相调制单元进行两两组合划分为一个复振幅调制单元，通过对所述复振幅调制单元的每个位相调制单元进行位相调制，即可对入射光的振幅和位相信息进行独立的调制，获得复振幅全息图影像。The present invention divides the phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit by combining them in pairs. By performing phase modulation on each phase modulation unit of the complex amplitude modulation unit, the amplitude and phase of the incident light can be adjusted. The information is independently modulated to obtain a complex-amplitude hologram image.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述S1进一步包括：将两个相邻的所述位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元。As an optional embodiment, the S1 further includes: dividing two adjacent phase modulation units into one complex amplitude modulation unit.
如图2所示，为本发明所述线性微纳结构实施例示意图，本实施例中所述线性微纳结构1由纳米级金属棒结构组成，每个金属棒作为一个位相调制单元11，两个位相调制单元11组成一个复振幅调制单元12。所述位相调制单元11通过对其金属棒的粗细和方向的调制来实现对入射光的位相和振幅的调制，实现全息调制。As shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the linear micro-nano structure according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the linear micro-nano structure 1 is composed of a nano-scale metal rod structure. Each metal rod is used as a phase modulation unit 11, and two One phase modulation unit 11 constitutes a complex amplitude modulation unit 12 . The phase modulation unit 11 modulates the phase and amplitude of the incident light by modulating the thickness and direction of the metal rod, thereby realizing holographic modulation.
图2中标记位相调制单元11和复振幅调制单元12的第一部分为标记线性微纳结构1的第二部分的放大图，所述第一部分共包含5*6即30个位相调制单元11，相邻的两个位相调制单元11划分为一个复振幅调制单元12。本发明将两个位相调制单元11合为一个复振幅调制单元12，以复振幅调制单元12为单位，通过对每个位相调制单元11进行位相编码而实现对入射光的复振幅调制，获得复振幅全息图。The first part marked with the phase modulation unit 11 and the complex amplitude modulation unit 12 in FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the second part marked with the linear micro-nano structure 1. The first part includes a total of 5*6 or 30 phase modulation units 11. Two adjacent phase modulation units 11 are divided into one complex amplitude modulation unit 12 . In the present invention, two phase modulation units 11 are combined into one complex amplitude modulation unit 12, and the complex amplitude modulation unit 12 is used as a unit to realize the complex amplitude modulation of the incident light by performing phase encoding on each phase modulation unit 11, and obtain a complex amplitude modulation unit 12. Amplitude hologram.
所述复振幅编码调制可表示为cos A exp(jB)，表示对入射光的位相和振幅分别进行独立的调制，从获得复振幅出射光。通过两个位相调制单元实现S2中所述复振幅编码调制满足：The complex amplitude coded modulation can be expressed as cos A exp(jB), which means that the phase and amplitude of the incident light are independently modulated to obtain the complex amplitude outgoing light. The complex amplitude coding modulation described in S2 is realized by two phase modulation units to satisfy:
cos A为出射光的振幅信息，取值为0～1，则A的取值范围为0～2π；exp(jB)表示为出射光的位相信息，B的取值范围为0～2π。 cos A is the amplitude information of the outgoing light, and its value ranges from 0 to 1, then the value range of A is 0 to 2π; exp(jB) represents the phase information of the outgoing light, and the value of B ranges from 0 to 2π.
通过上式的推导可以看到，任意目标出射光cos(A)exp(jB)的振幅信息和位相信息最后可表示为两个位相信息相加的结果，即It can be seen from the derivation of the above formula that the amplitude information and phase information of any target outgoing light cos(A)exp(jB) can finally be expressed as the result of adding the two phase information, that is,
两个位相调制结果可由两个调制单元组合对入射光进行位相调制从而得到，其中入射光经过调制单元后振幅变为原来的1/2，位相信息分别变为exp[j(B+A)]和exp[j(B-A)]。The two phase modulation results can be obtained by performing phase modulation on the incident light by combining two modulation units. After the incident light passes through the modulation unit, the amplitude becomes 1/2 of the original, and the phase information becomes exp[j(B+A)] respectively. and exp[j(B-A)].
由于线性微纳结构1的每个位相调制单元11都可以独立进行位相调制，因此在具体实施中，可以将两个位相调制单元11分别进行位相调制后的出射光叠加，从而获得复振幅出射光，实现复振幅全息图影像的再现，由此避免了需要对调制单元设置两个参数进行调制导致数据量大、加工操作难度加大且误差大的问题。Since each phase modulation unit 11 of the linear micro-nano structure 1 can perform phase modulation independently, in the specific implementation, the outgoing light after phase modulation by the two phase modulation units 11 can be superimposed respectively, so as to obtain the complex amplitude outgoing light , realizing the reproduction of the complex amplitude hologram image, thereby avoiding the problems of large data volume, increased processing difficulty and large errors caused by the need to set two parameters for the modulation unit for modulation.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述S2进一步包括：As an optional embodiment, the S2 further includes:
S2.1，调整所述位相调制单元的特定参数实现位相编码；S2.1, adjusting specific parameters of the phase modulation unit to realize phase encoding;
S2.1，将所述入射光分别经过编码后的两个位相调制单元的出射光进行叠加，获得复振幅全息图。S2.1, superimpose the outgoing lights of the two phase modulation units after the incident light is encoded respectively, to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
本发明基于线性微纳结构，通过每两个位相调制单元合为一个复振幅调制单元进行位相编码，将所述两个位相调制单元分别调制后的出射光相叠加而获得复振幅全息图。Based on the linear micro-nano structure, the present invention combines every two phase modulation units into a complex amplitude modulation unit for phase encoding, and superimposes the outgoing lights modulated by the two phase modulation units respectively to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
图3为本发明所述复振幅全息图复现示意图，入射光2射入所述线性微纳结构1，出射后即再现了复振幅全息图3。所述入射光2可为线偏振光或圆偏振光。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the reproduction of the complex amplitude hologram according to the present invention. The incident light 2 enters the linear micro-nano structure 1 , and the complex amplitude hologram 3 is reproduced after exiting. The incident light 2 may be linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
具体实施为：The specific implementation is:
步骤1：通过对所述复振幅全息图计算获得对每个位相调制单元的编码结果，且对线性微纳结构的每个位相调制单元进行了与所述编码结果相对应的编码。Step 1: Obtain an encoding result for each phase modulation unit by calculating the complex amplitude hologram, and perform encoding corresponding to the encoding result for each phase modulation unit of the linear micro-nano structure.
步骤2：通过激光光源、起偏器、波片和凸透镜的组合即可得到所需的线偏振光或圆偏振光作为入射光。具体的组合方式根据入射光是线偏振光或者是圆偏振光而有所不同。Step 2: The required linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light can be obtained as the incident light by the combination of the laser light source, the polarizer, the wave plate and the convex lens. The specific combination differs according to whether the incident light is linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
步骤3：入射光经过由线性微纳结构构成的超表面即可在后面的光路上观察到三维再现影像。Step 3: When the incident light passes through the metasurface composed of linear micro-nano structures, a three-dimensional reconstructed image can be observed on the subsequent optical path.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述线性微纳结构由圆环形天线结构、V形天线结构及金属棒形天线结构中的任意一种结构成片组成；每个位相调制单元包括所述线性微纳结构中的一个结构。As an optional embodiment, the linear micro-nano structure is composed of any one of a circular ring antenna structure, a V-shaped antenna structure, and a metal rod antenna structure; each phase modulation unit includes the linear antenna structure. A structure in the micro-nano structure.
作为一个可选的实施例，所述特定参数为所述线性微纳结构的一个结构参数。As an optional embodiment, the specific parameter is a structural parameter of the linear micro-nano structure.
作为一个可选的实施例，基于金属棒形天线位相调制单元，设置金属棒形天线相同的粗细及长度，调整金属棒形天线的放置角度实现位相调制。As an optional embodiment, based on the phase modulation unit of the metal rod antenna, set the same thickness and length of the metal rod antenna, and adjust the placement angle of the metal rod antenna to realize phase modulation.
作为一个可选的实施例，基于圆环形天线位相调制单元，设置圆环形天线相同的内外半径及开口大小，调整圆环形天线的开口方向实现位相调制。As an optional embodiment, based on the ring antenna phase modulation unit, the same inner and outer radius and opening size of the ring antenna are set, and the opening direction of the ring antenna is adjusted to realize phase modulation.
作为一个可选的实施例，基于V形天线位相调制单元，设置V形天线相同粗细长度及张角大小，调整V形天线的张角方向实现位相调制。As an optional embodiment, based on the V-shaped antenna phase modulation unit, the V-shaped antenna is set to the same thickness and length and the size of the opening angle, and the opening angle direction of the V-shaped antenna is adjusted to realize phase modulation.
以上是根据所述线性微纳结构的具体结构而实现位相调制的不同的处理方法。以上列举了环形天线结构、V形天线结构及金属棒形天线结构的线性微纳结构，但不限于此，对于其他任意结构的线性微纳结构，只要它的每个调制单元具有位相编码调制的功能，就可以适用于本发明。The above are different processing methods for realizing phase modulation according to the specific structure of the linear micro-nano structure. The linear micro-nano structures of the loop antenna structure, the V-shaped antenna structure and the metal rod antenna structure are listed above, but are not limited to this. function, it can be applied to the present invention.
如图4所示，本发明还提供一种线性微纳结构的复振幅全息调制系统，包括：As shown in FIG. 4 , the present invention also provides a complex amplitude holographic modulation system with a linear micro-nano structure, including:
调制单元划分模块，用于将线性微纳结构的每两个位相调制单元划分为一个复振幅调制单元；The modulation unit division module is used to divide every two phase modulation units of the linear micro-nano structure into a complex amplitude modulation unit;
复振幅调制模块，用于基于所述复振幅调制单元，对每个位相调制单元进行位相编码，以对入射光进行复振幅编码调制，获得复振幅全息图。The complex amplitude modulation module is configured to perform phase encoding on each phase modulation unit based on the complex amplitude modulation unit, so as to perform complex amplitude encoding modulation on the incident light to obtain a complex amplitude hologram.
本发明通过将两个位相调制单元(亚元)组合为一个复振幅调制单元，结合线性微纳结构超表面与数学知识，实现了仅通过位相调制单元即可实现对入射光的复振幅调制的方法，其误差小精度高，对线性微纳结构的加工简单，降低了实际应用成本，具有良好的应用前景。By combining two phase modulation units (sub-units) into a complex amplitude modulation unit, the present invention combines the linear micro-nano structure metasurface and mathematical knowledge to realize the complex amplitude modulation of incident light only through the phase modulation unit. The method has the advantages of small error and high precision, simple processing of the linear micro-nano structure, reduced practical application cost, and good application prospect.
最后，本申请的方法仅为较佳的实施方案，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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