CN106813690A - A kind of ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor, intermediate portion can be solid, or hollow, by ultra-soft flexible core（Pipe）, inside and outside electrode（CNT）, dielectric and wire composition.It is characterized in that, using " surface covering " method, the elastomeric fibre surface that high-orientation carbon nanotube film uniform fold is pre-stretched in large deformation, CNT is oriented parallel to fiber draw direction, release large deformation pre-stretching compression carbon nano-tube film, multistage pleated structure is formed, the structure causes that capacitance type sensor maintains the stabilization of resistance and the linear change of capacitance when significantly stretching is shunk.Ultra large deformation capacitance type sensor of the present invention, linearly good while can keeping realizing ultra large deformation, up to 1000%, capacitance linearly changes draw ratio, and electric capacity/strain is close to 1, can stretch repeatedly using more than 2000 times, and performance degradation is less than 5%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of electronic devices, finger one kind more precisely can realize ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Capacitive detection elements are operated according to cylindrical shape capacitor principle, and capacitor is made up of electrode, external electrode in two concentric cylinder pole plates of insulation and the electrolyte (dielectric constant is e) being filled between two.Capacitance between two cylinders is C=2 π ε L/ln（D/d）, L is two length of the part that overlaps in formula；D is the diameter of outside electrode；D is the diameter of inner cylinder electrode；E is the dielectric constant of intermediate medium.
Capacitance type sensor is a kind of device that measured change is converted to electric capacitance change, inherently a kind of variable condenser.Because this sensor has simple structure, small volume, dynamic response is good, and sensitivity is high, high resolution, the features such as can realize non-cpntact measurement, thus is widely used in the detection fields such as displacement, acceleration, vibration, pressure, pressure difference, liquid level.
Traditional capacitance type sensor is made up of rigid element more, and nonlinear change will be produced when by severe bends, large deformation stretching or torsion, and sensitivity is seriously reduced.These years with the continuous progress of flexible mechanical technology, because it can realize machinery or dynamics function using elasticity, it is increasingly becoming an important directions of mechanical manufacturing field development, in consideration of it, the invention provides a kind of cylindrical condenser sensor that can bear ultra large deformation, deformation can be produced with the change of measured object, and it is good to the durability of telescopic shape change and repeated deformation, realize the rate of change of range of strain 1000%, electric capacity linear change, and electric capacity/strain close to 1.Can Reusability more than 2000 times, performance degradation is less than 5%.
The content of the invention
A kind of ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor can be hollow cylindrical capacitance type sensor 1, be made up of elastic tube 11, interior electrode 12, external electrode 13 and wire 14, and its structure and preparation process refer to Figure of description 1；Can also be filled circles tubular capacitance type sensor 2, be made up of flexible core 21, interior electrode 22, dielectric 23, external electrode 24 and wire 25, its structure and preparation process refer to Figure of description 2.
The elastic tube, flexible core are mixed by white oil and ultra-soft rubber with certain proportion, after hot melt, are made hollow elastic tube or solid elastomeric core.There is fabulous tensility energy using the elastic tube of the method making, flexible core, drawing coefficient is up to 14 times, it is one of draw ratio material most long in current quality of rubber materials, is that capacitor realizes that ultra large deformation is laid a good foundation, while is also the inside and outside electrode of capacitor（CNT）There is provided attachment base bottom.Even application is formed after the dielectric is dissolved in hexamethylene by flexible core.The inner and outer electrodes use single armed CNT or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, and CNT is in itself with excellent mechanical property and light quality so that the wire has tough structure.The wire is the good wire of electric conductivity.
The ultra large deformation capacitor is that, using " surface covering " method, the elastomeric fibre surface that high-orientation carbon nanotube film uniform fold is pre-stretched in large deformation, CNT is oriented parallel to fiber draw direction, forms core-shell construction；Discharge the core shell structure, the elastomer of stretching of prestretching compresses carbon nano-tube film, forms multistage pleated structure, refers to Figure of description 3, along with the excellent mechanical property of CNT, with can repeatedly stretch, can distort repeatedly, can be the characteristics of bending is hardly damaged repeatedly.
Only have compared with the of 30% with strain capacitance type sensor range of strain in the past, capacitance type sensor range of strain provided by the present invention can reach 1000%, and capacitance linearly changes, the rate of change of capacitance/strain is close to 1, that is with the capacitor is stretched, its energy storage capability can increase by 10 times, and Reusability more than 2000 times, performance degradation realizes ultra large deformation and stable performance capacitance type sensor still less than 5%, really.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1, hollow cylindrical capacitive sensor structure and prepares schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2, filled circles tubular capacitive sensor structure and prepares schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 3, large deformation multistage pleated structure carbon nanotube conducting elastomer structure design diagram.
Accompanying drawing 4, lays different CNT number of plies electrically conductive elastic fabric resistor changes.
Accompanying drawing 5, ultra large deformation electrically conductive elastic fiber scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.
Accompanying drawing 6, mechanical means laying CNT.
Accompanying drawing 7, ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor is with its performance change under differently strained degree.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The capacitance type sensor is by elastic layer core（Elastic tube）, interior electrode, external electrode, dielectric, wire composition, refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
（1）The elastic layer core（Elastic tube）Mixed according to a certain percentage with rubber elastomer by white oil, heat stirring after, extrusion molding is different with rubber elastomer species according to white oil, typically from 1：1-8：1（Mass ratio）, generate ultra-soft elasticity core diameter and be about 0.1-5mm；Elastic bore >=the 4mm of generation, external diameter>4mm.The present embodiment is from 15# white oils with thermoplastic elastomer SEBS according to 6：1 ratio mixing hot melt, a diameter of 2mm of ultra-soft flexible core of use, ultra-soft elasticity bore is 6mm, and external diameter is 8mm.
（2）The preparation of interior electrode：Ultra-soft flexible core prepared by step 1 according to needed for draw ratio to former long 1-14 times, preferred multiple is 6-14 times, the present embodiment selection multiple is 12.5 times.The flexible core of original diameter 2mm stretches 12.5 times afterwards, and diameter is about 0.5-0.55mm.A little ethanol is dripped in flexible core, being beneficial to follow-up carbon pipe closely can be attached in flexible core, lay interior electrode of the CNT as capacitor, the optional number of plies scope 1-20 of carbon pipe on flexible core after ethanol volatilizees, optimum range 5-10 layers, the number of plies 8 that the present embodiment is chosen.The number of plies is too low to be easily caused that laying is uneven, the deformation dynamics that can influence capacitor too high.After laying is finished, a small amount of ethanol is dripped on CNT, CNT is all infiltrated, can reach the effect that CNT is brought into close contact with flexible core.Described axial resistivity is all parallel to flexible core（Layer）Axial direction is arranged.The last wire on completing the one end above CNT and fixing.For elastic tube, after being stretched to 12.5 times of former length, CNT is set on elastic pipe outer wall upper berth according to as above method, as the interior electrode of capacitor.
(3) dielectric preparation：Ultra-soft conductive core in extended state in step 2 is discharged, it is set to return to nature, again in spraying rubber solutions above as dielectric, the rubber solutions are dissolved in organic solvent and obtained in certain proportion by ultra-soft elastic layer core, the present embodiment is dissolved in gained in hexamethylene using ultra-soft flexible core, and dissolving ratio is generally 1：15-1：30（Mass volume ratio）, 1 is used in the present embodiment：23（g：ml）.The coating thickness of rubber solutions is 100-500 μm, 200 μm is selected in the present embodiment, due to unavoidable error, coating thickness is too thin to be easily caused that spraying is uneven, influences the stability of capacitor, and spraying too thick can cause capacitor external diameter excessive, capacitance is reduced, influences it to use scope.Spraying process is manually operable, also can mechanically spraying.For elastic tube, without spraying rubber solutions, using the elastomer between elastic tube internal-and external diameter as the dielectric of capacitor.
(4) preparation of external electrode：The electrically conductive elastic fiber that will be sprayed in step 3 is stretched to 12.5 times of former length again, after a little ethanol is added dropwise, external electrode of the CNT as capacitor is spread again, and carbon tube layer number is 1-20, optimum range 5-10 layers, 8 layers is used in the present embodiment.For in the elastic tube that lateral wall completes CNT, discharged first, returned to nature, then by its outer wall varus, the inwall for not spreading CNT is turned to outside, CNT is laid according still further to as above method, as the external electrode of capacitor.It is last to fix wire at capacitor outer pole difference end.
(5) conductive fiber that will be prepared in step 4 is discharged to nature, obtains realizing the capacitance type sensor of ultra large deformation.
It is explained as follows for above implementation steps：
The capacitance type sensor inner and outer electrodes are made up of at least one of which CNT, CNT herein can be single armed CNT, can also be double-walled or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, and number of plies numerical value is bigger, electric conductivity is better, but is limited to CNT elasticity and can not show a candle to flexible core（Elastic tube）, so when laying carbon tube layer number numerical value is bigger, the capacitance type sensor draw ratio of preparation is smaller.Test of many times effect show that preferred CNT number of plies scope is 1-20.Refer to accompanying drawing 4 and lay different CNT number of plies electrically conductive elastic fabric resistor changes.
The capacitance type sensor of preparation, when being released to nature by extended state, carbon nanotube layer can form the cycle fold of large period and minor cycle in vertical and horizontal, and the cycle fold ensure that the capacitance type sensor maintains the stabilization of resistance and the linear change of capacitance when significantly stretching is shunk.Refer to the ultra large deformation electrically conductive elastic fiber scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of accompanying drawing 5.
The laying method of the CNT of the internal and external electrode of capacitor is as follows described in above-mentioned steps 2,4：Carbon nanotube layer is prepared by a carbon nano pipe array, and the carbon nano pipe array needs orientations in the same direction substantially.First, multiple CNTs are chosen from carbon nano pipe array using the adhesive tape or blade of one fixed width unanimously to stretch outward, CNT is stretched along the array carbon nanotube direction of growth is actually perpendicular to certain speed, described multiple CNTs progressively disengage the substrate of carbon nano pipe array along draw direction under a stretching force, and in the presence of Van der Waals, selected multiple CNTs is joined end to end respectively at other adjacent CNTs, pull straight, be uniformly layed in flexible core（Layer）On dielectric.It is side by side pencil non-distorted structure that above-mentioned CNT is parallel；Certainly, also can be using the twisted wire structure of distortion winding；The carbon nano tube line of the torsion prepares the Chinese invention patent specification of the CN100500556C that can be found in June, 2009 bulletin.
In the present embodiment, the laying of carbon nanotube layer is manually operable, also can be using mechanical laying.Mechanical laying method schematic diagram refer to the attached drawing 6, using two stepper motors（Play motor）, it is coaxial to rotate at the same speed in the same direction, carbon nano-tube film can be uniformly layed on flexible core, electrode in capacitor is formed, electrode is parallel non-distorted structure in the capacitor for now being formed.Such as according to distortion twisted wire structure, only two stepper motors coaxially need at the same speed be rotated backward.The method is extended to from the technique spirit that can work out fiber, only need to slightly be improved the conductive layer i.e. suitable for the invention and be laid.
The ultra large deformation capacitance type sensor, it is linearly good while can keeping realizing ultra large deformation, when draw ratio is up to 1000%, capacitance linearly changes, and electric capacity/strain is close to 1, can stretch repeatedly using more than 2000 times, performance degradation is less than 5%, refer to accompanying drawing 7.
In addition, various equivalent modifications can also do other changes according to technical solution of the present invention, the change done according to technical solution of the present invention should be all included within the scope of the technical program protects.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultra large deformation cylindrical condenser sensor, can be hollow, or solid, it is characterised in that：Can tolerate telescopic shape change and repeated deformation in test process, and durability is good, realize the rate of change of range of strain 1000%, electric capacity linear change, and electric capacity/strain close to 1；Can Reusability more than 2000 times, performance degradation is less than 5%.
2. hollow cylindrical capacitance type sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that including at least five parts：Ultra-soft elastic tube, interior electrode, external electrode and wire.
3. ultra-soft flexible core, elastic tube as described in claim 2, it is characterised in that mixed in certain proportion using white oil and elastomer, then add a small amount of talcum powder, adhesive（1-5%）, heat, stir after extrusion molding, solid elastomeric core and hollow elastic tube are generated, depending on the adding proportion of white oil and elastomer will be according to white oil species and rubber types；White oil can be industrial grade white oil, food-level white oil, cosmetic grade white oil etc., can prioritizing selection industrial grade white oil；Elastomer can be natural rubber, natural man-made rubber, nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), neoprene (CR), silicon rubber, fluorubber, acrylic rubber, hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, polyurethane rubber etc. or their a certain or various polymer, can the embedding polymer of prioritizing selection Ethylene/Butylene-polystyrene linear three（SEBS）.
4. as claimed in claim 2 in electrode, external electrode, it is characterised in that be made up of at least one of which CNT, can be SWCN, double-walled or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, the CNT number of plies >=1, the number of plies is more, electric conductivity is better, but can influence the deformability of capacitor；It is preferred that number of plies 1-20 layers；Described axial resistivity orientation is all parallel to flexible core（Pipe）Axial direction.
5. dielectric as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, being obtained during organic solvent is uniformly dissolved in by elastomer, organic solvent can be the solvent that hexamethylene, n-hexane, chloroform etc. can dissolve elastomer, dissolving ratio depends on the solvent to the solvability of elastomer, is advisable no more than its solubility；Again by rubber solutions even application on interior electrode；The elastomer is with described in claim 3；Spraying method can select hand spray, also can mechanically spraying, coating thickness is lower, and capacitance is bigger, but spraying is too thin because of error spraying can be caused uneven, influences capacitor stability, 100-500 μm of prioritizing selection.
6. wire as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that be made up of wire wire of good performance, can be gold, platinum, copper, tungsten etc..
7. as claimed in claim 4 in electrode, external electrode, it is characterized in that, more than 5 times are stretched during making, when inside and outside electrode is punctured into nature after the completion of preparing, carbon nanotube layer can form the cycle fold of large period and minor cycle in vertical and horizontal, the cycle fold ensure that the sub-conductor maintains capacitance linearly to change when significantly stretching is shunk, and good stability, can Reusability.
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| CN107778549A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-09 | 铜陵市三盛电子有限公司 | A kind of thin film capacitor shell preparation method of perfect heat-dissipating |
| CN109932016A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-06-25 | 南开大学 | A kind of inflation flexible capacitance type volume sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN110221594A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-10 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Capacitance sensor and automatic running device |
| CN111351596A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-30 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Capacitance type sensor for measuring temperature |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107778549A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-09 | 铜陵市三盛电子有限公司 | A kind of thin film capacitor shell preparation method of perfect heat-dissipating |
| CN110221594A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-10 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Capacitance sensor and automatic running device |
| CN109932016A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-06-25 | 南开大学 | A kind of inflation flexible capacitance type volume sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN111351596A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-30 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Capacitance type sensor for measuring temperature |
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Application publication date: 20170609 |