CN106813589A - With External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method - Google Patents
With External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106813589A CN106813589A CN201510855349.8A CN201510855349A CN106813589A CN 106813589 A CN106813589 A CN 106813589A CN 201510855349 A CN201510855349 A CN 201510855349A CN 106813589 A CN106813589 A CN 106813589A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind with External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method, including：S1, the coordinate of the datum mark on the outside of measurement External floating roof tank, and set up conventional coordinates；S2, arranges measurement point in floating roof, measures the coordinate of the measurement point；S3, in the position of control point survey datum mark and measurement point relative to the control point at the top of External floating roof tank；The inwall of S4, scanning External floating roof tank, and scanning target group of the scan setting in outer floating roof, obtain the scan data of the External floating roof tank；S5, is calculated coordinate of the measurement point in conventional coordinates；S6, by the data in the Coordinate Conversion of scan data to conventional coordinates, and carries out processing the deformation for obtaining the External floating roof tank.The present invention by External floating roof tank exterior circumferential set datum mark, by the Coordinate Conversion of 3 D laser scanning into datum mark geodetic coordinates, it is possible to achieve External floating roof tank whole geometry deformation condition is monitored in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to storage tank safety management and field of measuring technique, more particularly, to one kind with
Large-scale External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method.
Background technology
Large-scale storage tank is one of petrochemical industry and pipeline enterprise common equipment, belongs to non-pressure vessel, thin-walled
Structural domain.External floating roof tank is a kind of common form of large-scale storage tank, is characterized in not only having
There is storage oil product evaporating loss small, and tank deck deadweight is supported by liquid storage, makes its uniform force,
Therefore this kind of form is used large-scale storage tank more.But compared with the storage tank of other forms, floating roof tank
Shortcoming be also it will be apparent that be exactly be also easy to produce geometrical body deformation, safety can be influenceed when serious
Production.
External floating roof tank wallboard in making and installation process if without good follow procedure and
Standard is performed, and perpendicularity and the ovality generation for being likely to make wallboard are overproof, influence oil tank
Sealing effectiveness；The size of External floating roof tank geometrical body deformation simultaneously is general with storage tank running time
Increase and increase, in use for some time, due to the lifting of liquid level in tank, foundation deformation,
There is certain deformation and also can hardly be avoided in the factor such as strong wind and sunshine, storage tank.Tank body is locally concavo-convex,
The physical dimensions such as ovality, maximum inclination, foundation settlement are critically important indexs, if this
A little indexs are excessive, can cause that storage tank occurs stress concentration failure and can not utilize completely or basic nothing
Method is used；In addition deforming senior general causes storage tank floating roof seal curtain poorly sealed, causes oil gas dense
Degree is higher, not only results in oil and gas loss increase, also easily turns into the source of fire explosion, right
Production and personnel cause potential safety hazard.Therefore accurate perception External floating roof tank geometry deformation and it is subject to
Security evaluation is very necessary.
Floating roof tank safety detection usually using optics reference method and photoelectric method storage tank is deformed into
Row measurement.Optics reference method needs to use the optical optical plummet, horizontal ruler, portable magnetic mark
Chi instrument etc., but this mode based on spot measurement can produce larger when tank skin deforms complicated
Measurement error.Photoelectric method measurement storage tank deformation is general using total powerstation and GPS etc., the method
Still belong to single-point type measurement, that is, the deformation that less observation station can only be obtained with an observation
Data and then deduction overall deformation situation, it is impossible to obtain local and overall accurately deformation details,
And device context installation difficulty is larger, and time of measuring is long, therefore to the stability of environment
It is required that very high, its certainty of measurement and stability suffer from considerable influence, thus detection efficiency and
Precision cannot all obtain effective guarantee, it is impossible to meet actual production demand.In addition, prior art
Need the geometric parameter of measurement many, complex operation, personnel labor intensity is big, and measurement process
In be affected by human factors it is larger, it is larger in the measurement big tank body time error of deformation；Measurement process
Oxygen content is not enough, poisonous, harmful in middle tank, corrosive medium can cause certain to personal safety
Harm.
The content of the invention
Based on above mentioned problem, the present invention proposes a kind of with External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring side
Method, sets datum mark, by the coordinate of 3 D laser scanning by External floating roof tank exterior circumferential
It is converted into the geodetic coordinates of datum mark, it is possible to achieve to External floating roof tank whole geometry transformation safe
The accurate monitoring of the real-time continuous of situation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides one kind and is using External floating roof tank real-time deformation
Monitoring method, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
The coordinate of the preset reference point on the outside of S1, measurement External floating roof tank, and set up standard coordinate
System；
S2, at least one measurement point is arranged in the floating roof of the External floating roof tank, and measure institute
State the coordinate of measurement point；
S3, the External floating roof tank top preset control point using described in total station survey
Position of the datum mark with the measurement point relative to the control point；
S4, the inwall that the External floating roof tank is scanned using three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning set
The scanning target group in the outer floating roof is put, the scan data of the External floating roof tank is obtained；
S5, the data to the benchmark point coordinates, measurement point coordinates and the total station survey are entered
Row treatment, obtains coordinate of the measurement point in the conventional coordinates；
S6, by the Coordinate Conversion of the scan data of the External floating roof tank to the conventional coordinates
In coordinate, and the scan data after Coordinate Conversion process obtain the External floating roof tank
Deformation.
Wherein, in the step S1, the coordinate of the datum mark is measured using GPS measurement apparatus,
And in the step S2, the coordinate of the measurement point is measured using GPS measurement apparatus.
Wherein, in the step S3, by measure the datum mark and control point azimuth and
The length of side determines the relative position of the datum mark and control point, by measure the control point with
The azimuth of measurement point and the length of side determine the relative position at the control point and the measurement point.
Wherein, the datum mark is at least 2, and the datum mark is stored up with the outer floating roof
The horizontal range of tank is at least the half of the tank diameter.
Wherein, the control point is at least one, and each described control point is able to observe that
The position of at least two datum marks.
Wherein, the measurement point has multiple, and at least one measurement point position in described outer floating
Center on top；
The scanning target group is located between two measurement points in the outer floating roof.
Wherein, the scanning target group is at least one group, and scans target group extremely described in every group
Include that each target point in three target points, and described each scanning target group is arranged in less
Other forms in addition to straight line.
Wherein, the target point is target ball.
Wherein, the step S6 is specifically included：
Data splicing is carried out after removing the noise in the scan data, the outer floating roof storage is obtained
The overall cloud data file of top tank structure；
By the point cloud number under the Coordinate Conversion of the cloud data file to the conventional coordinates
According to file, the cloud data file under conventional coordinates is obtained；
Three dimensions modeling is carried out to the cloud data file under the conventional coordinates；
According to the three-dimensional space model set up, the deformation of the External floating roof tank is analyzed.
It is of the invention to deform method of real-time with External floating roof tank, can be stored up in large-scale outer floating roof
Tank is worked online and implement under state, and total station survey technology is combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technique
Get up, measured using resection, with Free Station control point and tank field external stabilization area benchmark
Point is known point, and the absolute coordinate system of datum mark is introduced into scanner, so that scanner is surveyed
Amount can free frame station, survey tank body inside and outside cloud data coordinate, be all based on external stabilization
The high accuracy data of area's datum mark, and then true description External floating roof tank tank interior and floating roof
Structure and morphological character, quickly and accurately to generate three-dimensional data model, obtain outer floating roof storage
The geometric parameter values of tank different azimuth and angle, for External floating roof tank tank skin is concavo-convex, tank body
Ovalizing deflection and Tank tilting sedimentation carry out quick, accurate measurement, calculate crucial geometry deformation and refer to
Mark effectively prevent traditional deformation detection means and be based on so as to obtain External floating roof tank deformation
Point data carries out the locality and one-sidedness that deformation analysis is caused, while it also avoid tradition stops tank
Low operating efficiency and the manpower and materials consumption of offline inspection.
Brief description of the drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood from by reference to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing is to show
Meaning property and should not be construed as carrying out the present invention any limitation, in the accompanying drawings：
What Fig. 1 showed the embodiment of the present invention is deforming method of real-time with External floating roof tank
Flow chart.
Fig. 2 show the embodiment of the present invention to External floating roof tank deform carrying out real-time monitoring
Device structural representation.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention is described in detail.
What Fig. 1 showed the embodiment of the present invention is deforming method of real-time with External floating roof tank
Flow chart.
Reference picture 1, it is of the invention to deform method of real-time, specific step with External floating roof tank
Suddenly it is：
S1, the coordinate of the preset reference point on the outside of measurement External floating roof tank, and set up standard coordinate
System；
S2, arranges at least one measurement point in the floating roof of the External floating roof tank, and measurement is described
The coordinate of measurement point；
Specifically, the coordinate of the datum mark and measurement point is measured using GPS measurement apparatus, and
And for simple operation, it is possible to use the earth coordinates of datum mark are used as conventional coordinates.
In addition, when the out-of-flatness of floating roof top, the external scan point of the present embodiment can set many
It is individual, and at least one external scan point is located at the center on the outer floating roof top.
S3, total station survey institute is used at the default control point at the top of the External floating roof tank
State position of the datum mark with the measurement point relative to the control point；
Specifically, above-mentioned datum mark is at least 2, and the datum mark is outer floating with described
The horizontal range for pushing up storage tank is at least the half of the tank diameter.Also, the control point is extremely
It is less one, and each described control point is able to observe that the position of at least two datum marks.
That is the setting at control point sets according to the quantity of datum mark and position, when a control point can be seen
When observing all of datum mark, then a control point is set.
In one embodiment, by measuring azimuth and the length of side of the datum mark and control point
To determine the relative position of the datum mark and control point, by measuring the control point with measurement
The azimuth of point and the length of side determine the relative position at the control point and the measurement point.
In addition, the measurement point has multiple, and at least one measurement point position in described outer floating
Center on top；
The scanning target group is located between two measurement points in the outer floating roof.
S4, using three-dimensional laser scanner in External floating roof tank described in the measurement spot scan
Wall, and scanning target group of the scan setting in the outer floating roof, obtain the External floating roof tank
Scan data；
In a present embodiment, the scanning target group is at least one group, and described in every group
Scanning target group at least includes each in three target points, and described each scanning target group
Target point is arranged in the other forms in addition to straight line.In addition, the target point can be target ball.
Additionally, the quantity of scanning target group can not be done have herein according to specifically being set the need for measurement
Body is limited.
S5, the data to the benchmark point coordinates, measurement point coordinates and the total station survey are entered
Row treatment, obtains coordinate of the measurement point in the conventional coordinates；
S6, by the Coordinate Conversion of the scan data of the External floating roof tank to the conventional coordinates
In coordinate, and the scan data after Coordinate Conversion process obtain the External floating roof tank
Deformation.
Specifically, the step S6 includes：
Data splicing is carried out after removing the noise spot in the scan data, the outer floating roof is obtained
Reservoir walls and the overall cloud data file of floating roof；
By the point cloud number under the Coordinate Conversion of the cloud data file to the conventional coordinates
According to file, the cloud data file under conventional coordinates is obtained；
Three dimensions modeling is carried out to the cloud data file under the conventional coordinates；
According to the three-dimensional space model set up, the deformation of the External floating roof tank is analyzed.
Describe the deformation monitoring of External floating roof tank of the invention in detail below by way of specific embodiment
The detailed process of method.
Fig. 2 show the embodiment of the present invention to External floating roof tank deform carrying out real-time monitoring
Device structural representation.
In embodiments of the invention, by taking the large-scale outer floating roof crude oil storage tank 1 of 200,000 sides as an example, the storage
Tank is large thin-wall cylinder, and ground is placed in by concrete ring wall.Storage tank geometry has
There is the axial symmetry characteristic of revolving body, diameter 110m, tank skin height 24m, floating roof 2 are made with transmitting-receiving
Industry fluctuates with height of liquid level in tank.
The method of this implementation can to the deformation of External floating roof tank monitored in real time,
Its detailed process is：
1st, determine that datum mark cloth sets up an office position
Tank designs data, storage tank surrounding enviroment data and history repair information are collected, it is real
Ground selected reference point point position；It is required that the position of datum mark should entirely examined away from storage tank region
There should be stability during survey.Datum mark should be at least provided with 2, preferably 3；Datum mark
Away from storage tank distance at least 0.5d (d is tank diameter), preferably d.Specifically, such as Fig. 2
In, selecting 3 datum marks 3 apart from the region of storage tank 220m.
2nd, control screen cloth sets
(1) anchor block is set in each datum mark 3, forced centering device is installed on anchor block.
(2) control point 4 is set at the top of External floating roof tank tank skin, and control point 4 uses pressure
The fixed structure of thoughts of returning home device；Forced centering device is securable to floating roof tank knot by fixed structure
On structure skeleton body；Each control point should can at least observe the datum mark of two and the above.
(3) to prevent Danger Area, control point position is triangle with datum mark institute each interior
Angle value is unsuitable too small；
(4) floating roof 2 in External floating roof tank 1 lays the first measurement point 5, in the first measurement point 5
Packaged type scanning survey frame is laid, fixing device 8 is carried on measurement bay, measured for disposing
Positioner 7；Laser scanner can be fixed on measurement bay simultaneously；First measurement point 5 is optional
In floating roof surface optional position, preferably floating roof center.
(5) according to External floating roof tank floating roof surface condition, other measurement point positions 6 are laid in selection；
Measurement point position 6 choose with all measurement point positions can intervisibility floating roof and all patterns of reservoir walls be
Standard, and three-dimensional laser scanner as much as possible in effective range should obtain tank body feature.
3rd, coordinate transmission measurement
(1) high accuracy is carried out using high-precision GPS measuring instrument 10 to each datum mark 3 to sit greatly
Mapping amount, and earth coordinates are set up with this；Can also be built using datum mark relative position relation
Vertical separate standards coordinate system.
(2) reflecting prism is set on the forced centering device of the anchor block of datum mark 3, also may be used
Spherical target is set on forced centering device, and reflection paster is pasted on spherical target.
(3) total powerstation 11 is laid on the forced centering device of the spud pile of control point 4, during measurement
Bubble should strictly be flattened.
(4) positioner 7 disposed on the scanning survey point 5 of storage tank floating roof control point 4.
(5) using the datum mark under total powerstation 11 and the conventional coordinates set up, using complete
Circle survey time method measures control point position and datum mark position azimuth and the length of side, and utilizes resection method
Resolve control point position coordinate under conventional coordinates.
(6) using total powerstation and the positioner of measurement point, measured using dual station method of polar coordinates
The coordinate under conventional coordinates of the first scanning survey of storage tank floating roof point 5.
(7) after observation terminates, compensating computation is carried out, and accuracy assessment is carried out to result；Such as
Fruit meets requirement, can carry out the live 3 D laser scanning of next link, if being unsatisfactory for requiring,
Control point position should be adjusted to remeasure.
4th, 3 D laser scanning
(1) based on the first measurement point position 5 for determining, other scanning survey points 6 are selected；Choosing
Select status requirement sighting condition good, can cause that three-dimensional laser scanner to the greatest extent may be used in effective range
The feature of the acquisition tank body more than energy, improves measurement efficiency, and reduce later data treatment error.
(2) determine that measurement point position is postponed, one group of scanning target group 9 laid between adjacent two website,
The scanning target group has no less than 3 target points that can clearly recognize, preferably 4；Target point
Using the special target ball of three-dimensional laser scanner or target point, preferably target ball；Target is by solid
Determine device and be fixed on Floating Roof of Floating Roof Storage Tanks surface, and position is strictly fixed in being maintained at measurement process.
(3) after carrying out hair oil operation to storage tank, tank inner fluid position drops to minimum so that floating
Disk implements scanning operation when dropping to minimum license liquid level；Or carried out when using storage tank in real time
Monitoring, but the scope for now measuring only includes the reservoir walls above floating roof so that
The deformation of the subregion of storage tank can only be monitored.
(4) lay portable scanning survey frame in the first measurement point 5 and set up 3 D laser scanning
Instrument；3 D laser scanning is carried out to tank body, and stores the cloud data file of scanning；During scanning
Must be provided with scanner level.
(5) lay portable scanning survey frame in other scanning survey websites and set up three-dimensional sharp
Photoscanner, carries out 3 D laser scanning to tank body after setting level, store the point cloud number of scanning
According to file.
5th, data processing
Using processor 12, such as there is the computer of data processing function to three-dimensional laser scanner
Measurement pointcloud data file is processed, and sets up the three-dimensional space model of External floating roof tank, is known
Other storage tank deformation, calculates the crucial geometry deformation index of the storage tank and carries out safe condition
Assessment.
(1) data processing and splicing
Cloud data file to scanning mapped point each described carries out data processing, and removal is wherein
Noise spot after carry out cloud data file splicing, obtain the overall point cloud of External floating roof tank inwall
Data file；Data file splicing is based on mark public in different measurement website cloud data files
Target spot data are carried out.
Denoising is carried out especially by following methods：To be significantly away from a cloud, fly on a cloud
Sparse, the discrete point of side, point of distance cloud center, the point of small and dense collection and unnecessary scanning
Point deleted.
(2) Coordinate Conversion and model construction
Using the first scanning survey website position coordinate under coordinate system has been set up, by the outer floating roof
Reservoir walls and the overall cloud data file of floating roof carry out calculating coordinate, are converted to and have set up
Storage tank cloud data file under coordinate system；To having set up External floating roof tank cloud data under coordinate system
File carries out three dimensions modeling, extracts the tank body characteristic point and feature of the cloud data after fusion
Line, recognizes storage tank deformation.
6th, deformation analysis
Data calculating is carried out to External floating roof tank three-dimensional space model, tank skin is calculated highly, to storage
Tank different height wallboard carries out the fitting of the section center of circle and tangent plane treatment calculates tank skin inside radius, part
Deformation of unevenness value, ovality, and tank skin gradient and settling amount are calculated using data interpolating, from
And the tank skin that obtains External floating roof tank is concavo-convex, tank body ovalizing deflection and Tank tilting sedimentation and deformation feelings
Condition.It is specific as follows：
(1) External floating roof tank three-dimensional space model different height wallboard is intended using the section center of circle
Close and tangent plane processing method calculates tank skin inside radius, local concavo-convex deformation values, ovality.
(2) tank skin gradient and settling amount are calculated using data interpolating.
(3) the crucial geometry deformation index for being calculated based on more than is recessed to External floating roof tank tank skin
Convex, tank body ovalizing deflection and Tank tilting sedimentation and deformation situation are analyzed.
It is of the invention with External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method, can be stored up in large-scale outer floating roof
Tank is worked online and implement under state, and total station survey technology is combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technique
Get up, measured using resection, with Free Station control point and tank field external stabilization area benchmark
Point is known point, and the absolute coordinate system of datum mark is introduced into scanner, so that scanner is surveyed
Amount can free frame station, survey tank body inside and outside cloud data coordinate, be all based on external stabilization
Tank structure inside the high accuracy data of area's datum mark, and then true description External floating roof tank and
Morphological character, quickly and accurately to generate three-dimensional data model, obtains External floating roof tank different
The geometric parameter values in orientation and angle, for External floating roof tank tank skin is concavo-convex, the oval change of tank body
Shape and Tank tilting sedimentation carry out quick, accurate measurement, calculate crucial geometry deformation index so as to
External floating roof tank deformation is obtained, traditional deformation detection means is effectively prevent and is based on point data
Locality and one-sidedness that deformation analysis is caused are carried out, is examined offline while it also avoid tradition and stop tank
Low operating efficiency and the manpower and materials consumption surveyed.
Above specific embodiment be only used to illustrate specific implementation technical scheme of the invention rather than
Limitation, although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to example, those skilled in the art should
Work as understanding, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from
The spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover in scope of the presently claimed invention
It is central.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is with External floating roof tank real-time deformation monitoring method, it is characterised in that described
Method includes：
The coordinate of the preset reference point on the outside of S1, measurement External floating roof tank, and set up standard coordinate
System；
S2, at least one measurement point is arranged in the floating roof of the External floating roof tank, and measure institute
State the coordinate of measurement point；
S3, the External floating roof tank top preset control point using described in total station survey
Position of the datum mark with the measurement point relative to the control point；
S4, the inwall that the External floating roof tank is scanned using three-dimensional laser scanner, and scanning set
The scanning target group in the outer floating roof is put, the scan data of the External floating roof tank is obtained；
S5, the data to the benchmark point coordinates, measurement point coordinates and the total station survey are entered
Row treatment, obtains coordinate of the measurement point in the conventional coordinates；
S6, by the Coordinate Conversion of the scan data of the External floating roof tank to the conventional coordinates
In coordinate, and the scan data after Coordinate Conversion process obtain the External floating roof tank
Deformation.
2. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S1
In, the coordinate of the datum mark is measured using GPS measurement apparatus, and in the step S2,
The coordinate of the measurement point is measured using GPS measurement apparatus.
3. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S3
In, the datum mark is determined by the azimuth and the length of side that measure the datum mark and control point
With the relative position at control point, by the azimuth and the length of side that measure the control point and measurement point
To determine the relative position at the control point and the measurement point.
4. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the datum mark is extremely
Be less 2, and the datum mark and the horizontal range of the External floating roof tank be at least it is described
The half of tank diameter.
5. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the control point
At least one, and each described control point is able to observe that the position of at least two datum marks
Put.
6. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The measurement point has multiple, and at least one measurement point position is in the outer floating roof
Center；
The scanning target group is located between two measurement points in the outer floating roof.
7. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the scanning target
Group is at least one group, and target group is scanned described in every group at least including three target points, and
Each target point in described each scanning target group is arranged in the other forms in addition to straight line.
8. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the target point is
Target ball.
9. monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S6
Specifically include：
Data splicing is carried out after removing the noise in the scan data, the outer floating roof storage is obtained
Top tank structure and the overall cloud data file of floating roof；
By the point cloud number under the Coordinate Conversion of the cloud data file to the conventional coordinates
According to file, the cloud data file under conventional coordinates is obtained；
Three dimensions modeling is carried out to the cloud data file under the conventional coordinates；
According to the three-dimensional space model set up, the deformation of the External floating roof tank is analyzed.
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| CN110030943A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-19 | 中铁二十二局集团有限公司 | A kind of Free Station mode specifies the scan method of particular range |
| CN111006601A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 黑龙江工程学院 | Key technology of three-dimensional laser scanning in deformation monitoring |
| CN111272093A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-12 | 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 | Roadway deformation monitoring method |
| CN111754576A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-09 | 广东博智林机器人有限公司 | Rack measuring system, image positioning method, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN112484655A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-12 | 李柏松 | Large tank type equipment structure deformation online detection and applicability evaluation system and method |
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