CN106810778B - A kind of preparation method of polystyrene board - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of polystyrene board Download PDF

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CN106810778B
CN106810778B CN201611243899.5A CN201611243899A CN106810778B CN 106810778 B CN106810778 B CN 106810778B CN 201611243899 A CN201611243899 A CN 201611243899A CN 106810778 B CN106810778 B CN 106810778B
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polystyrene
weight
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fire
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CN106810778A (en
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苗伟峰
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Tianjin Sitanli New Material Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/06Polystyrene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/141Hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/06Polystyrene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2431/00Characterised by the use of copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, or carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid
    • C08J2431/02Characterised by the use of omopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08J2431/04Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2461/00Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2461/04Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C08J2461/06Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00Applications
    • C08L2203/14Applications used for foams

Abstract

A kind of preparation method of polystyrene board includes the following steps: after 1) mixing including the raw material of polystyrene, the first fire retardant, insulation agent and filler, squeezes out in the presence of pentane, obtain expandable polystyrene particle;2) expandable polystyrene particle foaming rear mold is pressed into polystyrene moulded board;3) vacuum impregnation processing is carried out to the polystyrene moulded board with maceration extract, and dry, obtains the polystyrene board;Wherein, the maceration extract includes the second fire retardant, binder and solvent, and optionally includes fire retarding synergist.By using polystyrene board prepared by the above method, excellent heat insulating effect not only can guarantee, but also A grades of fire-retardant ranks can be reached.

Description

A kind of preparation method of polystyrene board
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat-insulating construction material fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of polystyrene board.
Background technique
Expandable polystyrene plate, i.e. EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) plate is by including containing physical blowing The granules of polystyrene of agent it is heated it is pre- hair, expansion and after curing, in a mold hot briquetting be required shape polyphenyl second Alkene foams.
Expandable polystyrene foam made of cystosepiment due to excellent lasting heat insulation property, thus building It builds, the field of thermal insulation such as freezer, refrigerator car are widely used.Using the exterior insulation of polystyrol plastic foam plate material Layer realizes building energy conservation, improves the thermal environment quality in hot-summer and cold-winter area residential housing, while improving using energy source effect Rate.But EPS sheet has the characteristics such as burning point is low, calorific value is high, as in external-wall heat-insulation material application process, often causes great Fire considers that construction material in addition to need to have good thermal and insulating performance, is gone back with EPS sheet from social benefit and building safety Relevant flame retardant regulation requirement need to be met.
Suspension method or extrusion molding can be taken to manufacture EPS sheet at present.From the angle analysis of heat preservation, conjunction cannot be added in suspension method The EPS sheet thermal coefficient of suitable infrared light reflecting material, production is higher, and heat insulation effect is poor.From fire-retardant angle analysis, adopt The fire-retardant rank that the EPS thermal insulation material for taking extrusion molding or suspension method to produce is not able to satisfy more harsh building thermal insulation material is A The demand of grade, can only achieve the fire-retardant rank (GB8624-2006 " Classification on burning behaviour for building materials ") of B1.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of preparation method of polystyrene board, by that can send out Property granules of polystyrene in the first fire retardant for adding and the second fire retardant added in vacuum impregnation processing synergistic effect, It can be realized the A grade fire-retardant rank of EPS thermal insulation material, while by adding Optimum Contents in expandable polystyrene particle Graphite can guarantee that EPS sheet has excellent heat insulating effect.
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of polystyrene board, include the following steps:
1) it after being mixed including the raw material of polystyrene, the first fire retardant, insulation agent and filler, is squeezed in the presence of pentane Out, expandable polystyrene particle is obtained;
2) expandable polystyrene particle foaming rear mold is pressed into polystyrene moulded board;
3) vacuum impregnation processing is carried out to the polystyrene moulded board with maceration extract, and dry, obtains the polyphenyl second Alkene plate;
Wherein, the maceration extract includes the second fire retardant, binder and solvent, and optionally includes fire retarding synergist.
Present inventor it has been investigated that, by adding the first fire retardant in granules of polystyrene and in Vaccum Permeating The maceration extract comprising the second fire retardant is used in stain processing, can be improved the effective content of fire-retardant composition in EPS sheet.Meanwhile the One fire retardant and the second fire retardant have synergistic effect, can ensure that polystyrene board has excellent flame retardant property.In addition, passing through Pentane is used in expandable polystyrene, and polystyrene can be made to be foamed into 80 times or more of expansion ratio and closed with fine The polystyrene moulded board of the structure in hole;It, can be effectively to infrared ray by using insulation agent in expandable polystyrene It is reflected, to improve the heat insulating effect of EPS sheet.
According to the present invention, in step 2), the expandable polystyrene particle of extrusion is sent out in advance in water vapour prefoaming machine Foaming, is then molded again and polystyrene moulded board is made.Wherein, hair temperature is 95 DEG C in advance, and the time is 50 seconds, and water vapor pressure is 0.15MPa。
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the raw material for being used to prepare the expandable polystyrene particle In, be 100 parts by weight by polystyrene in terms of, first fire retardant is 80-120 parts by weight, preferably 90-110 parts by weight;Institute Stating pentane is 3-7 parts by weight, preferably 5-6 parts by weight;The insulation agent is 1-10 parts by weight, preferably 2-5 parts by weight;It is described Filler is 1-10 parts by weight, preferably 2-8 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, first fire retardant is selected from magnesium hydroxide and/or hydrogen-oxygen Change aluminium, second fire retardant is selected from expansible graphite.Knot is released when magnesium hydroxide and/or aluminium hydroxide are by being thermally decomposed Heshui absorbs a large amount of latent heat, to reduce the surface temperature of synthetic material that it is filled in flame, has and inhibits polymer Decompose and carry out to generated fuel gas cooling effect.On the other hand, expansible graphite can covering material surface, protect Heat and mass transfer is isolated in protective material, reduces thermal degradation rate, has the function that completely cut off fire source, delay or interrupts fire spread. The present invention can more certainly ensure the anti-flammability of polystyrene board by using the fire retardant of two kinds of different fire retardant mechanisms Energy.Further, since two kinds of fire retardants are inorganic compound, combustion heat value is lower, thus is conducive to EPS sheet obtained and reaches A Grade is fire-retardant.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulation agent is flaky graphite.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the fire retarding synergist be red phosphorus, zinc borate, boron oxide and At least one of 2,3- dimethyl -2,3- diphenyl butanes, preferably red phosphorus and/or zinc borate.
It according to the present invention, can be fire-retardant with the first fire retardant and second in burning by using above-mentioned fire retarding synergist Agent cooperatively forms cooperative flame retardant system, further improves flame retardant effect, and do not generate noxious material.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, by polystyrene be 100 parts by weight in terms of, the fire-retardant synergistic Agent is 5-15 parts by weight, preferably 8-10 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the porosity of polystyrene moulded board is 10-20%.If hole Gap rate is then unfavorable for the progress of subsequent vacuum impregnation processing less than 10%;If porosity is higher than 20%, can make between particle Clinkering effect is deteriorated, and causes the intensity of plate insufficient.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the filler includes barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, mica, talcum At least one of powder and carbon black.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the binder includes phenolic resin, Lauxite, epoxy At least one of resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin and polyester resin.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the solvent is wrapped for dissolving and diluting the binder Include at least one of ethyl alcohol, water and acetone.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the maceration extract, by solvent be 100 parts by weight in terms of, Second fire retardant is 80-100 parts by weight, and the binder is 8-20 parts by weight.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the maceration extract is 100-5000mPas, excellent It is selected as 150-1000mPas.If the viscosity of maceration extract is lower than 100mPas, maceration extract is not easy to protect on polystyrene moulded board It holds;If the viscosity of maceration extract is higher than 5000mPas, it is difficult to carry out subsequent vacuum impregnation processing.
According to the present invention, the vacuum impregnation processing includes the impregnation 1-3min under the condition of negative pressure of 10-100Pa. By taking the above immersion condition to carry out vacuum impregnation, it can more reliably improve dipping effect.Preferably, using isometric leaching Stain method is impregnated.
Provided preparation method according to the present invention includes first by being added in expandable polystyrene particle raw material Fire retardant, pentane, insulation agent etc.;Expandable polystyrene particle foaming rear mold is pressed into polystyrene moulded board, and with wrapping Dipping solution containing the second fire retardant carries out vacuum impregnation processing to polystyrene moulded board, prepares a kind of polystyrene board.System The EPS sheet obtained has both excellent heat insulation effect and flame retardant property, and bulk density is greater than 12g/L, and A grades fire-retardant, thermal coefficient is less than 0.036W/(m·K)。
Specific embodiment
The following example is only used for that the present invention is described in detail, it will be appreciated that the scope of the present invention is not limited to These embodiments.
In the following embodiments, it is tested using following measurement standard.
Anti-flammability test, carries out according to GB8624-2006.
Determination of conductive coefficients is carried out according to GB/T 1080.1-2002.
Viscosity test, using Brookfield rotational viscometer, GB/T 22235-2008 is surveyed according to national standards Examination.
Inorganic powder specific gravity is calculated according to formula (1):
Bulk density is calculated according to formula (2):
Embodiment 1
1) by the polystyrene of 100kg, the magnesium hydroxide of 100kg, the flaky graphite of 3kg and 2kg calcium carbonate, mixed It is put into extruder after mixing in material machine, the pentane of 5kg is added with certain pressure in extrusion process, it is poly- that expandability is made Styrene pellets (EPS particle).
2) the EPS particle of extrusion is put into water vapour prefoaming machine, with the water vapor pressure of 0.15MPa, at 95 DEG C it is pre- Hair 50 seconds;It is then placed in moulding press, is pressed into polystyrene moulded board with the molding pressure of 0.15MPa, in 95 DEG C of lower dies, Porosity is 15%.
3) polystyrene moulded board made of being molded is put into vacuum equipment, is aspirated maceration extract, is allowed to be impregnated into polyphenyl In ethylene moulded board, maceration extract include the expansible graphite of 160kg, 15kg binder (VAE, i.e. vinyl acetate and ethylene are total Polymers) and 165kg water, the viscosity of maceration extract is 300mPa.s, density 2.2g/cm3.Then right under the condition of negative pressure of 50Pa Polystyrene moulded board carries out vacuum impregnation processing, and the time of impregnation is 1min, is dried after the completion of dipping.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
1) by the barium sulfate of the polystyrene of 100kg, the magnesium hydroxide of 100kg, the flaky graphite of 5kg and 2kg mixed It is put into extruder after mixing in material machine, the pentane of 5kg is added with certain pressure in extrusion process, it is poly- that expandability is made Styrene pellets (EPS particle).
2) the EPS particle of extrusion is put into water vapour prefoaming machine, with the water vapor pressure of 0.15MPa, in 95 DEG C of temperature Lower pre- hair 50 seconds;It is then placed in moulding press, is pressed into polystyrene molding with the molding pressure of 0.15MPa, in 95 DEG C of lower dies Plate, porosity 20%.
3) polystyrene moulded board made of being molded is put into vacuum equipment, is aspirated maceration extract, is allowed to be impregnated into polyphenyl In ethylene moulded board, maceration extract includes the water of the expansible graphite of 160kg, the acroleic acid resin of 15kg and 180kg, maceration extract Viscosity is 350mPa.s, density 2g/cm3.Then Vaccum Permeating is carried out to polystyrene moulded board under the condition of negative pressure of 20Pa Stain processing, the time of impregnation are 2min, are dried after the completion of dipping.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
1) by the polystyrene of 100kg, the aluminium hydroxide of 90kg, the magnesium hydroxide of 20kg, 4kg flaky graphite and The carbon black of 2.5kg is put into extruder after mixing in batch mixer, 5kg is added with certain pressure in extrusion process penta Alkane is made expandable polystyrene particle (EPS particle).
2) the EPS particle of extrusion is put into water vapour prefoaming machine, with the water vapor pressure of 0.15MPa, at 95 DEG C it is pre- Hair 50 seconds;It is then placed in moulding press, polystyrene moulded board is made to be molded at a temperature of the molding pressure of 0.2MPa, 95 DEG C, Its porosity is 10%.
3) polystyrene moulded board made of being molded is put into vacuum equipment, is aspirated maceration extract, is allowed to be impregnated into polyphenyl In ethylene moulded board, maceration extract includes the second of the expansible graphite of 150kg, the zinc borate of 50kg, 15kg phenolic resin and 100kg Alcohol, the viscosity of maceration extract are 500mPa.s, density 2.5g/cm3.Then to polystyrene mould under the condition of negative pressure of 100Pa Pressing plate carries out vacuum impregnation processing, and the time of impregnation is 2min, is dried after the completion of dipping.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1:
In addition to the step 3) in no progress embodiment 1, remaining operation is same as Example 1.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
In addition to the vacuum impregnation processing for replacing embodiment 1 using the impregnation of normal pressure, remaining operation and 1 phase of embodiment Together.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
In addition to the first fire retardant and the second fire retardant are all made of magnesium hydroxide, remaining operation is same as Example 1.
EPS sheet obtained is tested for the property, test result is shown in Table 1.
1 EPS sheet Evaluation results of table
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the fire-retardant rank of the EPS sheet of comparative example 1 and 2 is B2 grade (oxygen index (OI) is less than greater than 26% 30%), the fire-retardant rank of the EPS sheet of comparative example 3 is B1 grades (oxygen index (OI) is greater than 30%), and the application has been unable to reach flame combustion It burns, thus oxygen index (OI) can not be measured, the EPS sheet of surface the application has good flame retardant property.On the other hand, embodiment 1-3 Burning gross calorific value be respectively less than 3MJ/kg, i.e., according to GB8624-2006, the fire-retardant rank of EPS sheet of the invention has reached A grades.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in spirit and scope of the invention Modification will be apparent.However, it should be understood that various aspects, different specific embodiment that the present invention records Each section and the various features enumerated can be combined or all or part of exchange.In above-mentioned each specific embodiment, that A little embodiments with reference to another embodiment can be combined suitably with other embodiment, this is will be by this field skill Art personnel are to understand.In addition, it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the description of front is only exemplary mode, not purport In the limitation present invention.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of preparation method of polystyrene board, includes the following steps:
1) it after being mixed including the raw material of polystyrene, the first fire retardant, insulation agent and filler, is squeezed out in the presence of pentane, Obtain expandable polystyrene particle;
2) expandable polystyrene particle foaming rear mold is pressed into polystyrene moulded board;
3) vacuum impregnation processing is carried out to the polystyrene moulded board with maceration extract, and dry, obtains the polystyrene board;
Wherein, the maceration extract includes the second fire retardant, binder and solvent, and optionally includes fire retarding synergist;
First fire retardant is magnesium hydroxide and/or aluminium hydroxide, and second fire retardant is expansible graphite.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be used to prepare the expandable polystyrene particle Raw material in, by polystyrene be 100 parts by weight in terms of, first fire retardant be 80-120 parts by weight;The pentane is 3-7 weight Measure part;The insulation agent is 1-10 parts by weight;The filler is 1-10 parts by weight.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be used to prepare the expandable polystyrene particle Raw material in, by polystyrene be 100 parts by weight in terms of, first fire retardant be 90-110 parts by weight;The pentane is 5-6 weight Measure part;The insulation agent is 2-5 parts by weight;The filler is 2-8 parts by weight.
4. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the insulation agent is flakey stone Ink.
5. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fire retarding synergist is red At least one of phosphorus, zinc borate, boron oxide and 2,3- dimethyl -2,3- diphenyl butane.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the fire retarding synergist is red phosphorus and/or zinc borate.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that by polystyrene be 100 parts by weight in terms of, it is described fire-retardant Synergist is 5-15 parts by weight.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that by polystyrene be 100 parts by weight in terms of, it is described fire-retardant Synergist is 8-10 parts by weight.
9. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polystyrene moulded board Porosity is 10-20%.
10. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the filler includes barium sulfate, Calcium carbonate, mica, at least one of talcum powder and carbon black;The binder includes phenolic resin, Lauxite, asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin At least one of rouge, acrylic resin, silicone resin and polyester resin;The solvent is for dissolving and diluting the bonding At least one of agent, including ethyl alcohol, water and acetone.
11. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the maceration extract, with molten Agent is 100 parts by weight meters, and second fire retardant is 80-100 parts by weight, and the binder is 8-20 parts by weight.
12. preparation method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the viscosity of the maceration extract is 100-5000mPa·S。
13. preparation method according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the viscosity of the maceration extract is 150- 1000mPa·S。
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