CN106792751A - A kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal propagate covering method - Google Patents
A kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal propagate covering method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
Abstract
Covering method is propagated the invention discloses a kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal.The method includes：Aircraft passenger compartment focus installation number is calculated according to aircraft passenger compartment layout, airframe size, passenger carrying capacity first；Then focus installation site in aircraft passenger compartment is determined according to focus installation number；By taking, frequency planning, limitation access rate, double frequency are accessed and the various methods of channel adjustment reduce signal and disturb parallel simultaneously, wifi signals is propagated uniform fold aircraft passenger compartment each focus.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Can be reequiped for the airborne wifi equipment of service aircraft by this method, there is provided solution formulation foundation.The cabin layout of the applicable different model civil aircraft of this method, saves aircraft conversion time, reduces cost.This method is for passenger provides more unimpeded, easily network service on the premise of flight safety is not influenceed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the civil aviation communication technology, more particularly to a kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal
Propagate covering method.
Background technology
With Wireless Fidelity wifi（Wireless Fidelity）The popularization of the communication technology and development, in civil aircraft visitor
The service of wifi communication access is provided in cabin has turned into the necessary service item of airline operator, still as a kind of trend.But,
Civil aircraft main cabin belongs to a kind of special applied environment, and it understands the cabinet size according to aircraft, cabin layout, passenger carrying capacity etc.
Factor has a significant impact to the communication quality of wifi.Therefore, with the difference of aircraft type, the uniform of wifi signals covers in main cabin
Lid effect can also receive influence.In order to provide stabilization, uniform wifi signals, dispose wifi hotspot in aircraft passenger compartment,
Ensure that signal uniform fold turns into one of important technological means.But, with the electronics categories for possessing wifi functions not
Disconnected to increase, passenger carries the variation of wifi network mobile terminal and passenger constantly carries to wifi communication qualities demand in main cabin
Height, current all standing wifi hotspot layout optimization scheme relative maturity, it can be difficult to meeting aircraft passenger compartment this Special Ring
Border requires that a kind of situation is that some places occur blind spot phenomenon in main cabin, causes wifi to connect not smooth；Another situation is,
Some local mobile network's terminals occur that channel switches phenomenon repeatedly in main cabin, so do not experience poor using only family, can also
Increase system burden, bring unnecessary failure.Therefore, based on above-mentioned situation, realize that wifi signals uniformly cover in aircraft passenger compartment
It is stamped substantial meaning.
The content of the invention
In view of prior art situation and the problem of presence, the present invention provide a kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and
Its signal propagates covering method, can provide effective technical support for aircraft passenger compartment repacking.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal propagate covering side
Method, it is characterised in that the method includes：Aircraft visitor is calculated according to aircraft passenger compartment layout, airframe size, passenger carrying capacity first
Cabin focus installation number；Then focus installation site in aircraft passenger compartment is determined according to focus installation number；Simultaneously by taking frequency
Rate planning, limitation access rate, double frequency access and the various methods of channel adjustment reduce signal interference parallel, propagate wifi signals
Uniform fold aircraft passenger compartment each focus.
Calculating aircraft passenger compartment focus installation number of the present invention is then first according to the connection speed and biography of each focus
Defeated speedometer calculates the budget bandwidth of each focus, and the algorithmic formula of the budget bandwidth of each focus is：
The connection speed * transmission rates of the budget bandwidth of each focus=each focus
Secondly total budget bandwidth demand is calculated according to total passenger and pre-set bandwidths, its algorithmic formula is：
The budget bandwidth * transmission rates of budget bandwidth=passenger total number of persons * each focus
Finally confirm aircraft passenger compartment domestic demand focus quantity to be mounted, its algorithmic formula is：
The budget bandwidth of focus quantity=budget bandwidth/each focus.
It is of the present invention that focus installation site in aircraft passenger compartment is determined according to focus installation number, it is first determined a heat
Point is base point of installation, is measured by airborne wifi signal-testing apparatus, the diverse location test in aircraft passenger compartment, and is no less than
Three test points, make wifi signal intensities differ no more than ± 3%, cover signal uniform；Confirm second further according to benchmark focus
Individual focus installation site, if needing to install multiple rows of focus, then measures the signal intensity between two adjacent focuses respectively, and judgement is
It is no to there is adjacent focus difference in signal strength, if so, the installation site of other focuses in addition to datum mark will be then adjusted, until main cabin
Interior whole positions obtain the covering of at least one focus, if not, it is determined that the position is focus installation site.
It is of the present invention to avoid 2.4GHz frequency interferences, to take and carry out frequency planning to wifi and introduce honeycomb knot
Structure, and two adjacent focuses are arranged on the not channel of phase iteration；Using channel CH1, channel CH6, channel CH11, three channels
Reuse；When network capacity requirements are very high or during difficult frequency repeat utilization ratio, using channel CH1, channel CH5, channel CH9,
Channel CH13, is multiplexed；Take the User Agreement speed of control focus simultaneously and access limiting user, that is, forbid 1,2,5.5,
6th, 9,24Mb/S access protocol speed, is accessed so in equipment with the signal for avoiding low rate；Using 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz
Double frequency access covering, the channel access terminal of 2.4GHz is transferred on the channel of 5.8GHz, mitigates the pressure on 2.4GHz channels
Power；Being adjusted by dynamics of channels makes each focus assign to optimal channel.
The invention has the advantages that：Can be reequiped for the airborne wifi equipment of service aircraft by this method, there is provided
Solution formulation foundation.The cabin layout of the applicable different model civil aircraft of this method, saves the aircraft conversion time, reduces into
This.This method is for passenger provides more unimpeded, easily network service on the premise of flight safety is not influenceed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is arranged and signal propagation covering method flow chart for the civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot that the present invention is provided；
Fig. 2 is aircraft passenger compartment focus installation number and focus schematic view of the mounting position in specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is wifi mounting frame design drawings in aircraft passenger compartment in specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are schematic diagram after preceding to the adjustment of wifi channels original state in specific embodiment of the invention and adjustment；
Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are to schematic diagram before the dynamically distributes adjustment of wifi channels and after adjustment in specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment referring to the drawings：
1. aircraft passenger compartment wifi coverings（By taking A330-300 types as an example）
Different type of machines has different difference in design, so also somewhat different in WiFi covering designs.Here mainly with sky
As a example by objective A330-300.A330-300 aircrafts take two-stage cabin layout, and fuselage length is 63.6 meters, and height is 16.85 meters, visitor
Cabin length is 50.35 meters, and cabin inner top height is 2.2 meters, and width is 5.64 meters.Seat height in aircraft cabin is 1.4 meters, seat
Bit length is 1.5 meters.The handling capacity of passengers of A330-300 aircrafts is in 300 people or so.Implementing procedure is as shown in Figure 1.
2. airframe antenna and focus selection in cabin
Due to the aircraft most of the time be in stratosphere flight, flying speed about 700~800 kms per hour it
Between, to be completed if real-time information transmission, it is necessary to very short reaction time with satellite.If using general omnidirectional antenna
Words, because coverage direction does not have specific aim, when carrying out data transmission with satellite time delay president a bit.So for the ease of
Reception follow the trail of and continue upload download satellite-signal, design aboard install one can with 360 degree rotate poliarizing antennas and
Support.Compared to general omnidirectional antenna, the advantage of 360 degree of rotary polarization antennas is can be real-time according to the position of satellite
Adjustment direction, reduces time delay, convenient to transmit at any time.
Because A330-300 aircrafts belong to Medium Plane, in 300 people or so, relative narrow space comes handling capacity of passengers in cabin
Say, if Passenger On Board is all surfed the Net simultaneously, such load is still quite big.On the one hand in order to meet the upper dictyosome of passenger
Test, the WiFi signal speed set by us can not be too low, on the other hand, obtain consideration Cost Problems, it is impossible to the increase band of blindness
It is wide.In order to meet the demand of passengers, it is necessary to assure the signal intensity in cabin is not less than minimum requirements.And each focus
Finite capacity, so must determine that needs how many focus could meet demand.As shown in Figure 2.
The budget bandwidth of WiFi each focus can be calculated by following equation：
The connection speed * transmission rates of the budget bandwidth of each focus=each focus, transmission rate is generally 40%.
What is selected in the present embodiment is the mode based on satellite communication, although covering a wide range for it, is capable of achieving complete
Ball is roamed, but its shortcoming is also more obvious --- it is only capable of providing narrowband service, communication bandwidth only has 864Kbps, generally in aircraft
On be only capable of providing receiving and dispatching mail, the simple online application service such as web page browsing.Part American Airlines releases the whole world at a high speed
(GX) air net, will be expected to realize network speed up to the broadband communications of 50Mbps.Here the reason such as complex art and Consumer's Experience,
Communication bandwidth is arranged on 2Mbps.
Budget bandwidth=300（Passenger's total number of persons）*2（Bandwidth to 2Mbps is set）*40%=240Mbps.
Single focus actual bandwidth is about in 40Mbps or so, it is possible to determine at least to need to install 6 heat in cabin
Point could meet demand.As shown in Figure 3.
The mounting means of focus：Determine the installation position of focus, first should be consideration is that signal uniform fold
Problem.Because interior of aircraft be present, so path loss is considered when signal coverage strength is calculated
Enter.
By the measurement of related software, access point focus 1 and intersecting local its signal intensity of the signal of access point focus 2 covering are
The same, similarly, measured, intersecting local its signal intensity of other neighboring access point signals covering is also generally equalized
's.Then multiple measurement points are chosen in single hotspot coverage, the signal intensity of each point is measured, find signal intensity with
It is monotone decreasing covering radius.So having accomplished the uniform fold of signal substantially in engine room inside.
Path loss analysis in cabin：Mainly include path-loss factor n, intercept K and Minimum Mean Square Error（MMSE）.
Description of the Friis laws to free space loss be：Receiving power PTX It is the parameter with free space apart from d as variable.Expression
Formula is：
Prx（d）=PtxGtxGrx(λ/4πd）2------------ （1）
In formula (1)：PtxIt is the transmission power of transmitting antenna；GtxIt is the gain of transmitting antenna；GrxFor the antenna of reception antenna increases
Benefit；(λ/4πd）2It is the free space loss factor.Typically in actual measurement data path loss is calculated, due to the limit of environment
System can not possibly reach the transmission of preferable free space, generally calculate path loss parameter using expression formula (2)：
PLdB(d)=PLdB(d0)+10nLog10（d/d0）+ξd ---------------(2)
Formula（2）It is that path loss, wherein PL are calculated according to the actual range between dual-mode antennadBD () damages for average path
Consumption, unit is dB；D is the space actual range between transmitting antenna and reception antenna, and unit is m；d0It is reference distance, it is single
Position is m；PLdB(d0) it is in reference distance d0Free space path loss at=1 meter, unit is dB；ξdIt is that average is 0；N is road
Footpath fissipation factor, table 1 below is the parametric statistics table of different measurement positions：
Table 1
| Amount position | n | K | MMSE |
| Passageway | 1.52 | 58.44 | 1.73 |
| Backrest | 1.73 | 61.59 | 3.52 |
| Table | 1.83 | 60.14 | 3.31 |
In table 1：N is path-loss factor, K is intercept, MMSE is Minimum Mean Square Error.
3. the planning again of frequency
Because 2.4GHz is belonging to free frequency of the ISM band without application, thus occur different operator or other
, simultaneously using the situation of same frequency, the early stage environmental testing of focus is particularly important, is directly connected to focus coverage effect for equipment.
To avoid frequency interferences, frequency planning need to be carried out, as mobile radio communication, in order to expand the coverage area and improving spectrum utilization
Rate, WiFi is also necessarily required to introduce honeycomb.Main interference source during co-channel interference in wireless communication network, he can bring list
The decline of individual focus performance.So when frequency is planned again, to pay special attention to for two adjacent focuses to be arranged on not phase iteration
Channel on.To ensure that network capacity also increases on year-on-year basis while focus quantity is increased.
Frequency is set by frequency sweep when starting or when optimizing, it is ensured that arbitrary neighborhood region uses the frequency without frequency translation
Road is general to be reused using tri- channels of channel CH1, CH6, CH11.Network capacity requirements are very high or frequency repeat utilization ratio
When difficult, channel CH1, CH5, CH9, CH13 can be selected to be multiplexed.
4. access rate is limited
WiFi signal under 2.4GHz frequencies has 13 channels, due to there is interference between channel, so we were using
Typically 13 channels will not all be used in journey.But it is do not have that the fact is but for we has many channels in connection procedure
What user accessed；Which results in the generation of channel of eating dishes without rice or wine.Evade channel disturbance of eating dishes without rice or wine to a certain extent.Continuous low speed is eated dishes without rice or wine
The access of signal influences channel use quality of eating dishes without rice or wine, and user's access can be limited by controlling the User Agreement speed of focus,
Forbid 1,2,5.5,6Mb/S, 9,24Mb/S access protocol speed, can thus avoid the signal of low rate to connect in equipment
Enter, signal interference of eating dishes without rice or wine is evaded to a certain extent.
5. accessed using double frequency
Accessed using 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz double frequencies, solve co-channel interference.Due to there was only CH1, CH6, CH11 under 2.4GHz frequency ranges
Three frequencies do not interfere with each other, as long as we are general using these three channels.Well imagine, focus group is largely laid in areal
Net, channel disturbance is inevitable, and 1,6,11 channels can cause user to hoard, the whole real capacity quota of channel federation.And
Other channels are overlapped due to frequency again, and disturbing effect is strong.So while frequency planning is carried out, by the frequency range to 5.8GHz
Optimize supplement.Covered using 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz double frequencies, the channel access terminal of 2.4GHz is transferred to
On the channel of 5.8GHz, so as to mitigate the pressure on 2.4GHz channels, it is ensured that the user on the channel of 2.4GHz effectively applies.
So in highdensity network access environment, double frequency covering pattern effect of optimization is notable.
6. the Channel assignment of focus
WiFi wireless systems are mainly made up of access controller and focus.In order to ensure cabin signal area coverage, typically by heat
Point is positioned over nacelle top.Because cabin space is limited, frequency interferences are susceptible between adjacent focus, so adjacent focus will
The different channel of selection.For WiFi, channel is the key of data transfer, and WiFi channels are generally divided into 13 letters
All it is overlapped between road, and channel, only 1,6,11 these three channels are only and stagger completely what is do not overlapped.
If two channels have overlap in frequency range, will be disturbed when being covered in the same area.According to channel
Interval and throughput rate relation understands that, when two channels are more adjacent, its spectrum overlapping must be more, and both disturbed conditions will be more
Seriously.So in cabin we select nonoverlapping 1,6,11 channels.
7. automatic channel adjustment
Because cabin is relative closure, a narrow space.Electronic equipment on machine is such as：VOR（VHF Omnidirection range）、
DME（Range finder）, radar etc. the relaxation phenomenon of complexity can be in different directions produced to WiFi signal.Due to 2.4GHz this frequently
There is too many interference source in section, the normal work of meeting strong influence focus causes Passenger On Board comfortably to surf the Net, leads to
Crossing dynamic channel adjustment can ensure that each focus assigns to optimal channel, and the interference of adjacent channel is avoided as far as possible,
Realize persistently carrying out for communication.
Original state lower channel adjust automatically：Before focus sets up service, access controller sets focus working channel
It is set to automatic channel.Focus is scanned by initial channel, two processes of Channel assignment and configuration go to realize focus working channel
Set.In initial channel scanning process, the information in surrounding environment is monitored by focus, wherein information mainly includes working channel
（CH）, signal intensity（RSSI）Deng radio-frequency information.By reading the radio-frequency information of surrounding environment, the letter that each focus is used is collected
Road, is then giving focus selection suitable channel.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Channel adjustment under running status：For the focus for having accessed, dynamic channel allocation is mainly taken（DCA）To adjust
The channel of whole focus.In WiFi environment in the presence of multiple interference, dynamics of channels adjustment is mainly by under in running order
Focus carry out real-time channel monitoring, in real time obtain network radio frequency environment channel, then done in time according to actual conditions
Go out channel adjustment, reduce or avoid the interference of adjacent channel as far as possible.Avoid in real time from VOR, DME, airborne radar etc.
The interference of equipment, it is ensured that each channel is assigned to preferred channels.As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
8. the adjustment of automated power
During the whole wireless network operator of cabin, it is impossible to be merely transferred to plume emission power to pursue area coverage
Maximum, can so cause to cause unnecessary interference to other wireless devices on the contrary.Accordingly, it would be desirable to select a mixed mulch
The best power of area for cutting and power system capacity.Monitored in real time for aircraft wireless network operator environment, according to reality
Border situation, the transmission power of dynamic distribution focus.When running first time, focus uses peak power, when in same covering
When other focuses are increased in region, startup power automatic regulation function.
9. load balancing
Load balancing main purpose is the load of the balancing user in wifi network, it is ensured that the performance and band of each wireless user
It is wide.In aircraft flight, client connects a certain client of focus, and access controller performs load balancing.Every heat
Point periodically feeds back client link information to access controller, judges whether number of users exceedes by access controller
Specified limits value.If it is not, this time connection will pass through, limit value if more than, then access controller will be refused
Exhausted user connects this focus, and is connected automatically to next focus, it is ensured that the reasonable utilization rate of equipment.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of civil aircraft main cabin wifi hotspot arrangement and signal propagate covering method, it is characterised in that the method includes：It is first
Aircraft passenger compartment focus installation number is first calculated according to aircraft passenger compartment layout, airframe size, passenger carrying capacity；Then according to focus
Installation number determines focus installation site in aircraft passenger compartment；Accessed by taking frequency planning, limitation access rate, double frequency simultaneously
And the various methods of channel adjustment reduce signal interference parallel, wifi signals are made to propagate uniform fold aircraft passenger compartment each focus.
2. wifi hotspot arrangement in a kind of civil aircraft main cabin according to claim 1 and signal propagate covering method, and it is special
Levy and be, calculate connection speed and transmission rate of the aircraft passenger compartment focus installation number then first according to each focus and calculate often
The budget bandwidth of individual focus, the algorithmic formula of the budget bandwidth of each focus is：
The connection speed * transmission rates of the budget bandwidth of each focus=each focus
Secondly total budget bandwidth demand is calculated according to total passenger and pre-set bandwidths, its algorithmic formula is：
The budget bandwidth * transmission rates of budget bandwidth=passenger total number of persons * each focus
Finally confirm aircraft passenger compartment domestic demand focus quantity to be mounted, its algorithmic formula is：
The budget bandwidth of focus quantity=budget bandwidth/each focus.
3. wifi hotspot arrangement in a kind of civil aircraft main cabin according to claim 2 and signal propagate covering method, and it is special
Levy and be, focus installation site in aircraft passenger compartment is determined according to focus installation number, it is first determined a focus is reference for installation
Point, is measured by airborne wifi signal-testing apparatus, the diverse location test in aircraft passenger compartment, and no less than three test points,
Wifi signal intensities is differed no more than ± 3%, cover signal uniform；Confirm that second focus is installed further according to benchmark focus
Position, if needing to install multiple rows of focus, then measures the signal intensity between two adjacent focuses respectively, judges whether adjacent
Focus difference in signal strength, if so, the installation site of other focuses in addition to datum mark will be then adjusted, until whole positions in main cabin
The covering of at least one focus is obtained, if not, it is determined that the position is focus installation site.
4. wifi hotspot arrangement in a kind of civil aircraft main cabin according to claim 3 and signal propagate covering method, and it is special
Levy and be, to avoid 2.4GHz frequency interferences, to take and carry out frequency planning to wifi and introduce honeycomb, and two adjacent heats
Point is arranged on the not channel of phase iteration；Using channel CH1, channel CH6, channel CH11, three channels are reused；Work as network
Capacity requirement is very high or during difficult frequency repeat utilization ratio, using channel CH1, channel CH5, channel CH9, channel CH13, answered
With；Take the User Agreement speed of control focus simultaneously and access limiting user, that is, forbid 1,2,5.5,6,9,24Mb/S accesses
Protocol rate, is accessed so in equipment with the signal for avoiding low rate；Using 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz double frequency access coverings, will
The channel access terminal of 2.4GHz is transferred on the channel of 5.8GHz, mitigates the pressure on 2.4GHz channels；By dynamics of channels
Adjustment makes each focus assign to optimal channel.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107484226A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州科可瑞尔航空技术有限公司 | Airborne wireless access server |
| CN107968712A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-27 | 苏州科可瑞尔航空技术有限公司 | The airborne wireless webserver |
| CN107979425A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-01 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of test method of WIFI signal intensity in vehicle |
| CN108681616A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | A kind of method, apparatus and intelligent terminal for choosing aircraft cabin outside antenna installation point |
| CN112423311A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 湖北凯乐科技股份有限公司 | Simple wireless ad hoc network scheme |
| EP3864870A4 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2022-07-06 | Systems and Software Enterprises, LLC | Systems and methods for managing a plurality of short-range wireless connections within a vehicle |
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| CN102932803A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and equipment for automatically arranging wireless access devices |
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| CN108681616A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | A kind of method, apparatus and intelligent terminal for choosing aircraft cabin outside antenna installation point |
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