CN106791508B - A kind of method of adjustment and adjustment system of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality - Google Patents
A kind of method of adjustment and adjustment system of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN106791508B CN106791508B CN201611214682.1A CN201611214682A CN106791508B CN 106791508 B CN106791508 B CN 106791508B CN 201611214682 A CN201611214682 A CN 201611214682A CN 106791508 B CN106791508 B CN 106791508B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/768—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors for time delay and integration [TDI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/53—Control of the integration time
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality and adjustment system, method of adjustment comprise determining that pre- bat region；Time for exposure and pre- bat gain are clapped according to pre-, determines the pre- actual grey mean value for clapping region；Determine the product of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain of TDI imaging region；Determine the integral sum of series time of integration of TDI imaging region；Determine expected gain and expectation time for exposure；The image of current TDI imaging region is determined according to integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure；Judge whether there are also next pre- bat region, if there is then updating pre- bat time for exposure and pre- bat gain；Otherwise, the shooting image of TDI camera is determined according to the image of each TDI imaging region.Method of adjustment and adjustment system of the invention, can complete the in-orbit adaptive adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality according to actual photographed environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to numeric field TDI imaging fields, more particularly to a kind of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality
Method and adjustment system.
Background technique
Numeric field TDI technology is a kind of novel photoelectric imaging technique, cmos sensor is mainly used in, to solve science
The grade expensive technique of TDI-CCD is limited, and analog domain TDI-CMOS method needs complicated hardware circuit design, relies on simultaneously
In complicated CMOS manufacturing process, the larger problem of difficulty is realized.CMOS sheet is exported as face battle array, and there is face battle array to take pictures and high definition
Dynamic video imaging pattern realizes numeric field TDI mode on this basis, and the single mould of taking pictures of remote sensing satellite tradition can be changed
Formula expands the function of remote sensing camera.And numeric field TDI algorithm gets rid of the constraint that TDI is realized inside cmos sensor, utilizes
Common face battle array cmos device can realize multistage continuously adjustable TDI function, while the imaging pattern of its continuous multiple frames is again
It can be analyzed for subsequent image super-resolution, precisely modeling provides strong foundation.Currently, numeric field TDI technology has been realized and has been applied on star.
Numeric field time delay integration (Time, Delay and Integration, TDI) technology is applied on practical star
In the process, under the environmental conditions such as different light modulation parameters and atmospheric radiation, ground target illuminance, imaging effect has larger difference
Different, imaging parameters setting can generate extreme influence to image quality under varying environment, therefore in-orbit self adaptive imaging parameter adjusts
It is very necessary.Probing into for image-forming principle mainly is terminated in for the research of numeric field TDI technology at present, the adjustment of subsequent parameter is ground
Study carefully does not have substantially.Therefore, how in-orbit self-adapting regulation method and the adjustment system of a kind of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality are provided
System, becomes those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, can be according to actual photographed
Environment adjust automatically acquisition parameters, to realize the in-orbit adaptive adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of method of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, the method for adjustment include:
Pre- bat region is determined according to the detection parameters of the sensor of TDI camera and satellite transit parameter, including determines pre- clap
The quantity in region, each pre- interval for clapping region and each pre- line number for clapping region；
Time for exposure and pre- bat gain are clapped according to pre-, determines the current pre- actual grey mean value for clapping region；
TDI is determined according to desired gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure and the pre- bat gain
The product of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain of imaging region；
Modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI imaging signal to noise ratio model is imaged according to numeric field TDI, determines the imaging area TDI
The integral sum of series time of integration in domain；
According to the expectation gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure, the pre- bat gain, institute
The time of integration described in integral sum of series is stated, determines the expected gain；
When determining expectation exposure according to the product and the expected gain of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain
Between；
Current TDI imaging region is determined according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure
Image；
Judge whether that there are also next pre- bat regions, if so, then increasing according to the expectation time for exposure and the expectation
Benefit updates next pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region and the pre- bat gain；Otherwise, according to each TDI imaging region
Image determines the shooting image of TDI camera.
Optionally, the detection parameters of the sensor include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time, described to defend
Star operating parameter includes satellite transit track, satellite ground velocity and orbit altitude；Wherein,
The detection parameters and satellite transit parameter of the sensor according to TDI camera determine that pre- region of clapping includes:
The pre- quantity for clapping region is determined according to the detection zone of the sensor and the satellite transit track；
Each pre- interval for clapping region is determined according to the sensor readout time and the satellite ground velocity；
Corresponding pre- bat is determined according to the orbit altitude, the satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region
The line number in region.
Optionally, the pre- line number for clapping region passes through formula:It determines, wherein N indicates the area Yu Pai
The line number in domain, H indicate orbit altitude；VSIndicate satellite ground velocity；D indicates optical system focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；T ' expression
It is pre- to clap the time for exposure.
Optionally, the expectation time for exposure of the determining TDI imaging region and the product of expected gain specifically include:
The expression formula of output gray level, the expression formula of the output gray level are determined according to the target surface irradiation level of the sensor
Are as follows: f=g (Rf× E × T × G), wherein
F indicates output gray level, RfIndicate sensor response, E indicates to reach the target surface irradiation level of sensor, and T indicates exposure
Time, G indicate that digital gain, g indicate camera optics transforming function transformation function；
According to the expectation gray value fDN, the actual grey mean valueThe pre- bat time for exposure T ' and the pre- bat
The expectation time for exposure T of gain G ' determine TDI imaging regionDNWith expected gain GDNProduct, the product are as follows:
Optionally, the target surface irradiation level for determining the sensor includes: using atmospheric radiation transmission, according to satellite rail
Road height, observation nadir angle, substar geographical location, solar elevation, ground target albedo, atmospheric visibility, operating wave
Section determines the target surface irradiation level.
Optionally, modulation transfer function is imaged in the numeric field TDI are as follows:
Wherein, fmtf(Tint, M) and indicate that the numeric field TDI imaging is adjusted
Modulation trnasfer function, TintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates the integral series, K indicate TDI camera Optical System Design and
Diffraction passes letter, Δ VP/VPIndicate that, as moving matching residual error, v indicates the optical system sample frequency of TDI camera, vNIndicate Nyquist
Frequency.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects:
Method of adjustment provided by the invention claps the parameter real-time update TDI imaging region in region by sensor cover battle array in advance
Acquisition parameters, acquisition parameters can carry out in-orbit adaptive adjustment according to actual photographed environment, realize numeric field TDI camera at
The in-orbit adaptive adjustment of image quality amount.
The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of adjustment systems of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, can be according to reality
Shooting environmental adjust automatically acquisition parameters, to realize the in-orbit adaptive adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of adjustment system of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, the adjustment system include:
It is pre- to clap determining module, for determining pre- clap according to the detection parameters and satellite transit parameter of the sensor of TDI camera
Region, including determining the pre- quantity for clapping region, each pre- interval for clapping region and each pre- line number for clapping region；
Actual grey determining module determines the reality for currently clapping region in advance for clapping gain with pre- according to the pre- bat time for exposure
Border gray average；
It is expected that product determining module, for according to desired gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure
With the pre- product clapped gain and determine the expectation time for exposure and expected gain of TDI imaging region；
Sum of series time determining module, for modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI imaging letter to be imaged according to numeric field TDI
It makes an uproar than model, determines the integral sum of series time of integration of TDI imaging region；
Expected gain determining module, for being exposed according to the expectation gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat
Time, the pre- bat gain, the time of integration described in the integral sum of series, determine the expected gain；
It is expected that time for exposure determining module, for product and the phase according to the expectation time for exposure and expected gain
Gain is hoped to determine the expectation time for exposure；
TDI image-forming module, for being determined according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure
The image of current TDI imaging region；
Judgment module, for judging whether that there are also next pre- bat regions；
Parameter updating module is when having next pre- bat region, according to institute for the judging result in the judgment module
It states the desired time for exposure and the expected gain updates next pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region and the pre- bat increases
Benefit, and the updated pre- bat time for exposure and the pre- bat gain are sent to the actual grey determining module；
Image taking module, for the judging result in the judgment module be no next pre- bat region when, according to
The image of each TDI imaging region determines the shooting image of TDI camera.
Optionally, the detection parameters of the sensor include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time, described to defend
Star operating parameter includes satellite transit track, satellite ground velocity and orbit altitude；Wherein,
The pre- bat determining module specifically includes:
Pre- umber of beats amount determination unit, for determining institute according to the detection zone and the satellite transit track of the sensor
State the pre- quantity for clapping region；
Pre- clap is spaced determination unit, each described pre- for being determined according to the sensor readout time and the satellite ground velocity
Clap the interval in region；
It is pre- to clap line number determination unit, for according to the orbit altitude, the satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat for clapping region
Time for exposure determines the corresponding pre- line number for clapping region.
Optionally, the pre- bat line number determination unit is used for according to formula:Determine the area Yu Pai
The line number in domain, wherein N indicates the pre- line number for clapping region, and H indicates orbit altitude；VSIndicate satellite ground velocity；D indicates optical system
Focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；The time for exposure is clapped in T ' expression in advance.
Optionally, sum of series time determining module is used for according to formula:
Determine the numeric field TDI imaging modulation transfer function, wherein fmtf(Tint, M) and indicate that the numeric field TDI imaging modulation passes
Delivery function, TintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates that the integral series, K indicate the Optical System Design and diffraction of TDI camera
Pass letter, Δ VP/VPIndicate that, as moving matching residual error, v indicates the optical system sample frequency of TDI camera, vNIndicate Nyquist frequency
Rate.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects:
Adjustment system provided by the invention, parameter updating module clap the parameter real-time update in region according to sensor cover battle array in advance
The acquisition parameters of TDI imaging region, acquisition parameters can carry out in-orbit adaptive adjustment according to actual photographed environment, realize number
The in-orbit adaptive adjustment of domain TDI camera imaging quality.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of 1 method of adjustment of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural block diagram that the embodiment of the present invention 2 adjusts system；
Fig. 3 is the distribution map that the embodiment of the present invention 3 claps region and TDI imaging region in advance.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality and adjustment systems, can root
Factually border shooting environmental adjust automatically acquisition parameters, to realize the in-orbit adaptive adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the method for adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality the following steps are included:
Step 101: pre- bat region being determined according to the detection parameters of the sensor of TDI camera and satellite transit parameter, specifically
Including determining the pre- quantity for clapping region, each pre- interval for clapping region and each pre- line number for clapping region；
Step 102: clapping time for exposure and pre- bat gain according to pre-, determine the current pre- actual grey mean value for clapping region；
Step 103: determining that TDI is imaged according to desired gray value, actual grey mean value, pre- bat time for exposure and pre- bat gain
The product of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain in region；
Step 104: modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI imaging signal to noise ratio model being imaged according to numeric field TDI, determined
The integral sum of series time of integration of TDI imaging region；Wherein, modulation transfer function is imaged in numeric field TDI are as follows:
fmtf(Tint, M) and indicate the numeric field TDI imaging modulation transmitting
Function, TintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates that the integral series, K indicate that the Optical System Design of TDI camera and diffraction pass
Letter, Δ VP/VPIndicate that, as moving matching residual error, v indicates the optical system sample frequency of TDI camera, vNIndicate nyquist frequency.
Step 105: according to desired gray value fDN, actual grey mean valueIt is pre- clap time for exposure T ', clap in advance gain G ', product
It is classified number M and time of integration Tint, determine expected gain GDN, expected gain GDNExpression formula are as follows:
Step 106: the phase is determined according to the product and the expected gain of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain
Hope the time for exposure；
Step 107: according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation the time for exposure determine current TDI at
As the image in region；
Step 108: judging whether that there are also next pre- bat regions, if so, executing step 109；Otherwise, step is executed
110；
Step 109: according to desired time for exposure and expected gain update it is next it is pre- clap region the pre- bat time for exposure and
It is pre- to clap gain, execute step 102.In the present embodiment, after completing primary parameter adjustment, the desired time for exposure can be set down to
The one pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region, it would be desirable to gain is set as next pre- pre- bat gain for clapping region, but not as
Limit.
Step 110: the shooting image of TDI camera is determined according to the image of each TDI imaging region.
Specifically, the detection parameters of sensor include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time in step 101,
Satellite transit parameter includes satellite transit track, satellite ground velocity and orbit altitude.It is transported according to the detection zone of sensor and satellite
Row track determines the pre- quantity for clapping region；Each pre- interval for clapping region is determined according to sensor readout time and satellite ground velocity；Root
According to orbit altitude, satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region, pass through formula:It determines and corresponds to
Pre- bat region line number, wherein N indicates the pre- line number for clapping region, and H indicates orbit altitude；VSIndicate satellite ground velocity；D is indicated
Optical system focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；The time for exposure is clapped in T ' expression in advance.
Specifically, determine that the expectation time for exposure of TDI imaging region and the product of expected gain specifically wrap in step 103
It includes:
The expression formula of output gray level, the expression formula of the output gray level are as follows: f=are determined according to the target surface irradiation level of sensor
g(Rf× E × T × G), wherein f indicates output gray level, RfIndicate sensor response, E indicates to reach the target surface irradiation of sensor
Degree, T indicate the time for exposure, and G indicates that digital gain, g indicate camera optics transforming function transformation function.Camera optics transforming function transformation function is numeric field
Radiant light at TDI camera entrance pupil reaches image planes after optical system acts on and is exposed to cmos image sensor, then
By photoelectric conversion, signal acquisition, A/D transformation and storage, transmission, processing etc. a series of processes, final output object scene
The mathematical model of gray level image.
Specifically, it is determined that the target surface irradiation level of sensor includes: using atmospheric radiation transmission, according to satellite orbit height
Degree, observation nadir angle, substar geographical location, solar elevation, ground target albedo, atmospheric visibility and service band are true
Targeting face irradiation level.
Specifically, according to desired gray value fDN, actual grey mean valueIt is pre- to clap time for exposure T ' and pre- bat gain G ' determination
The expectation time for exposure T of TDI imaging regionDNWith expected gain GDNProduct, the product are as follows:
The adjusting of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality mainly adjusts the time of integration, gain, series, the time for exposure four
Parameter, how according to the actual situation rationally setting parameter value is the key that numeric field TDI adaptively adjusts image quality.
It is provided by the invention to be based on face battle array cmos sensor locally windowing ability, while considering numeric field TDI camera image
The method of adjustment of output gray level information, the in-orbit self adaptive imaging quality of signal-to-noise ratio and optical transfer function, solves existing skill
The problem of real-time difference and inaccuracy when image quality parameter existing for art adjusts.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Fig. 2, the adjustment system of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality includes:
It is pre- to clap determining module 201, it is determined for the detection parameters and satellite transit parameter according to the sensor of TDI camera pre-
Region is clapped, including determining the pre- quantity for clapping region, each pre- interval for clapping region and each pre- line number for clapping region, wherein sensor
Detection parameters include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time, and satellite transit parameter includes satellite transit track, satellite
Ground velocity and orbit altitude；
Actual grey determining module 202 determines for clapping gain with pre- according to the pre- bat time for exposure and currently claps region in advance
Actual grey mean value；
It is expected that product determining module 203, for being exposed according to desired gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat
Time and the pre- product clapped gain and determine the expectation time for exposure and expected gain of TDI imaging region；
Sum of series time determining module 204, for according to numeric field TDI be imaged modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI at
As signal-to-noise ratio model, the integral sum of series time of integration of TDI imaging region is determined；
Expected gain determining module 205, for according to the expectation gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat
Time for exposure, the pre- bat gain, the time of integration described in the integral sum of series, determine the expected gain；
It is expected that time for exposure determining module 206, for product and the institute according to the expectation time for exposure and expected gain
It states expected gain and determines the expectation time for exposure；
TDI image-forming module 207, for true according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure
The image of settled preceding TDI imaging region；
Judgment module 208, for judging whether that there are also next pre- bat regions；
Parameter updating module 209, when having next pre- bat region for the judging result in the judgment module, according to
The expectation time for exposure and the expected gain update next pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region and the pre- bat
Gain, and the updated pre- bat time for exposure and the pre- bat gain are sent to the actual grey determining module；
Image taking module 210, for the judging result in the judgment module be no next pre- bat region when, root
The shooting image of TDI camera is determined according to the image of each TDI imaging region.
Specifically, determining module 201 is clapped in advance to specifically include:
Pre- umber of beats amount determination unit, for determining institute according to the detection zone and the satellite transit track of the sensor
State the pre- quantity for clapping region；
Pre- clap is spaced determination unit, each described pre- for being determined according to the sensor readout time and the satellite ground velocity
Clap the interval in region；
It is pre- to clap line number determination unit, for according to the orbit altitude, the satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat for clapping region
Time for exposure determines the corresponding pre- line number for clapping region.Specifically, line number determination unit is clapped in advance to be used for according to formula:Determine the pre- line number for clapping region, wherein N indicates the pre- line number for clapping region, and H indicates orbit altitude；VS
Indicate satellite ground velocity；D indicates optical system focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；The time for exposure is clapped in T ' expression in advance.
Specifically, sum of series time determining module 204 is used for according to formula:
Determine the numeric field TDI imaging modulation transfer function, wherein fmtf(Tint, M) and indicate that the numeric field TDI imaging modulation passes
Delivery function, TintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates that the integral series, K indicate the Optical System Design and diffraction of TDI camera
Pass letter, stray light passes letter, processing and manufacturing passes letter, sensor target surface passes letter, defocus passes letter, Platform Vibration residual error passes letter, at target surface
Atmosphere passes letter and imageable target passes the product of letter, Δ VP/VPIndicate that, as moving matching residual error, v indicates the optical system of TDI camera
Sample frequency, vNIndicate nyquist frequency.
The characteristics of present invention realizes numeric field TDI time delay integration push-scanning image for face array CMOS image sensor,
During satellite flight to same target area be imaged when, using face array CMOS image sensor locally windowing ability, according to
Push away sweep direction first to same atural object multiple pre- bat regions of cmos image sensor carry out repeatedly it is pre- clap imaging, then in CMOS
The imaging region of imaging sensor carries out numeric field TDI push-scanning image, pre- to clap region using identical imaging parameters to samely
The multiple face battle array mode imaging in area, takes the pre- assembly average for clapping imaging output gray level value defeated as final numeric field push-scanning image
The reference value of gray value out.When target area numeric field TDI is imaged, using pre- region parameter result of clapping to numeric field
The imaging parameters of TDI imaging region are adjusted in real time, ensure the real-time of real figure domain TDI push-scanning image region parameter adjustment
Property and accuracy, to achieve the purpose that in-orbit adaptive adjustment image quality.
Embodiment 3: the method for adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality the following steps are included:
Step 301: using the local windowing ability of face array CMOS image sensor, will clap in advance region and actual imaging region into
Row segmentation, the acquisition parameters in actual imaging region can clap in advance region by analysis leading portion and carry out feedback setting.As shown in figure 3, pre-
It claps region and actual imaging region and spatially there is interval, formation is pre- to clap mode.1 in Fig. 3 claps region to be pre-, and 2 be each pre-
The interval between windowed regions is clapped, X indicates the pre- size for clapping region, i.e., claps the line number in region in advance, and y is indicated between each pre- bat windowed regions
Every size, the strip region 3 of lower part is numeric field TDI imaging region.The pre- selection for clapping region quantity is according to real sensor
Detection parameters and satellite transit parameter determine that pre- to clap windowed regions interval related with sensor readout time and satellite ground velocity；
Then windowed regions are numeric field TDI imaging region.
Step 302: according to the imaging link model under certain sun angle of elevation and weather environment, determining output gray level and imaging
The expression formula of parameters relationship；
Step 303: setting pre- bat time for exposure and pre- bat gain and pre- bat region is shot in advance, it is pre- to obtain multiple face battle array
Clap the actual grey mean value of output；
Step 304: the expression formula of the output gray level and imaging parameters relationship that are determined according to step 302, expectation gray value, reality
Border gray average claps the time for exposure in advance and claps gain in advance, determines the expectation time for exposure of TDI imaging region and multiplying for expected gain
Product；
Step 305: assuming that the integral series of numeric field TDI imaging region is M, time of integration Tint, then numeric field TDI
Modulation transfer function f is imagedmtfIt indicates are as follows:
fmtf=Kfmtf_mat
Wherein, constant K is the Optical System Design of numeric field TDI camera and diffraction passes letter, stray light passes letter, processing and manufacturing
Pass letter, sensor target surface passes letter, defocus passes letter, Platform Vibration residual error passes letter, atmosphere passes letter at target surface and imageable target passes letter
Product, fmtf_matTo pass letter, f as moving matching residual errormtf_matIt is the key factor for influencing image quality.
Modulation transfer function f is imaged in numeric field TDImtf(Tint, M) and it can further indicate that are as follows:
Wherein Δ VP/VPFor as moving matching residual error, v is the optical system sample frequency of numeric field TDI camera, vNFor how Kui
This distinct frequence.
Since numeric field TDI camera is using cmos image sensor, then the numeric field TDI of 3T, 4T structure sensor
Imaging signal to noise ratio model fsnr(Tint, M) and it indicates are as follows:
Wherein, NfullIndicate maximum full trap electron number, NbitIndicate quantization bit wide, σresetIndicate reset noise, σintIt indicates
Integral process noise, σreadIndicate readout noise, HAPSExpression CMOS active pixel sensor (Active Pixel Sensor,
APS) output voltage gain, C0Indicate the initial capacitance of integral starting diode, V0Indicate the initial electricity of integral starting diode
Pressure,Indicate p-n junction Built-in potential, iphIndicate photoelectric current, idkIndicate dark current, σctIndicate 1/f noise, i.e. flicker noise.
F is imaged according to above-mentioned numeric field TDImtf(Tint, M) and fsnr(Tint, M) and mathematical model, take optimization to modulate
Transmission function and signal-to-noise ratio principle, it is first determined the then value of the integral series M of numeric field TDI imaging region determines integral again
Time TintValue.Method particularly includes: according to modulation transfer function fmtf(Tint, M) functional form (sinc type), it may be determined that it is full
Foot is greater than the section of the parameter M of lowest modulation transmission function required value, chooses the minimum value of M in section as integral series M's
Value；Then the occurrence of M is brought into signal-to-noise ratio f againsnr(Tint, M) and model, select fsnr(Tint, M) it is maximum when TintValue
Specific value as the time of integration.The above method is guaranteeing numeric field TDI camera minimum delivered function and lowest signal-to-noise
In the case of, moreover it is possible to meet fmtf(Tint,M)×fsnr(Tint, M) and product maximization principle.
Step 306: according to desired gray value, actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure, clapping gain, integral sum of series in advance
The time of integration determines expected gain；
Step 307: according to the expectation in product, that is, step 306 of expectation time for exposure and expected gain in step 304
Gain determines the expectation time for exposure.
So far, the adaptive light modulation parameter in numeric field TDI imaging process: the time of integration, integral series, gain and exposure
Time, four key parameters were all determined.
The present invention utilizes face array CMOS image sensor on the imaging sensitizing range of a face array CMOS image sensor
Local windowing ability, will imaging sensitizing range be divided into pre- bat region and imaging region.Pre- region of clapping is using face battle array imaging mould
Formula, imaging region use numeric field TDI imaging pattern.The present embodiment by establish face array CMOS image sensor clap in advance region with
The parameters relationship mapping model of TDI imaging region establishes numeric field TDI process signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and modulation transfer function (MTF)
Model determines the bat of TDI imaging region according to desired output tonal range and maximization signal-to-noise ratio and modulation transfer function principle
Parameter is taken the photograph, the real-time and accuracy of numeric field TDI camera acquisition parameter are substantially increased, meets in-orbit adaptive adjustment imaging
The requirement of quality compensates for the technological gap of the in-orbit adaptive adjustment image quality of numeric field TDI imaging system.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For system disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of adjustment of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, which is characterized in that the method for adjustment includes:
Pre- bat region is determined according to the detection parameters of the sensor of TDI camera and satellite transit parameter, including is determined and clapped region in advance
Quantity, it is each it is pre- clap region interval and it is each it is pre- clap region line number；
Time for exposure and pre- bat gain are clapped according to pre-, determines the current pre- actual grey mean value for clapping region；
Determine that TDI is imaged according to desired gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure and the pre- bat gain
The product of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain in region；
Modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI imaging signal to noise ratio model is imaged according to numeric field TDI, determines TDI imaging region
Integrate the sum of series time of integration；
According to the expectation gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure, the pre- bat gain, the product
Divide the time of integration described in sum of series, determines the expected gain；
The expectation time for exposure is determined according to the product and the expected gain of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain；
The figure of current TDI imaging region is determined according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure
Picture；
Judge whether that there are also next pre- bat regions, if so, then more according to the expectation time for exposure and the expected gain
New next pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region and the pre- bat gain；Otherwise, according to the image of each TDI imaging region
Determine the shooting image of TDI camera.
2. method of adjustment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The detection parameters of the sensor include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time, the satellite transit parameter
Including satellite transit track, satellite ground velocity and orbit altitude；Wherein,
The detection parameters and satellite transit parameter of the sensor according to TDI camera determine that pre- region of clapping includes:
The pre- quantity for clapping region is determined according to the detection zone of the sensor and the satellite transit track；
Each pre- interval for clapping region is determined according to the sensor readout time and the satellite ground velocity；
Corresponding pre- bat region is determined according to the orbit altitude, the satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region
Line number.
3. method of adjustment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the pre- line number for clapping region passes through formula:It determines, wherein N indicates the pre- line number for clapping region, and H indicates orbit altitude；VSIndicate satellite ground velocity；D is indicated
Optical system focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；The time for exposure is clapped in T ' expression in advance.
4. method of adjustment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the expectation exposure of the determining TDI imaging region
Between specifically included with the product of expected gain:
The expression formula of output gray level, the expression formula of the output gray level are as follows: f=are determined according to the target surface irradiation level of the sensor
g(Rf× E × T × G), wherein
F indicates output gray level, RfIndicate sensor response, E indicates to reach the target surface irradiation level of sensor, and T indicates time for exposure, G
Indicate that digital gain, g indicate camera optics transforming function transformation function；
According to the expectation gray value fDN, the actual grey mean valueThe pre- bat time for exposure T ' and the pre- bat gain
G ' determines the expectation time for exposure T of TDI imaging regionDNWith expected gain GDNProduct, the product are as follows:
5. method of adjustment according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the target surface irradiation level for determining the sensor includes:
Using atmospheric radiation transmission, according to satellite orbital altitude, observation nadir angle, substar geographical location, solar elevation,
Area Objects albedo, atmospheric visibility, service band determine the target surface irradiation level.
6. method of adjustment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that modulation transfer function is imaged in the numeric field TDI are as follows:
Wherein, fmtf(Tint, M) and indicate that the numeric field TDI imaging modulation passes
Delivery function, TintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates that the integral series, K indicate the Optical System Design and diffraction of TDI camera
Pass letter, Δ VP/VPIndicate that, as moving matching residual error, v indicates the optical system sample frequency of TDI camera, vNIndicate Nyquist frequency
Rate.
7. a kind of adjustment system of numeric field TDI camera imaging quality, which is characterized in that the adjustment system includes:
It is pre- to clap determining module, for the detection parameters and satellite transit parameter according to the sensor of TDI camera determine it is pre- clap region,
Including determining the pre- quantity for clapping region, each pre- interval for clapping region and each pre- line number for clapping region；
Actual grey determining module determines the practical ash for currently clapping region in advance for clapping gain with pre- according to the pre- bat time for exposure
Spend mean value；
It is expected that product determining module, for according to desired gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat time for exposure and institute
State the product that pre- bat gain determines the expectation time for exposure and expected gain of TDI imaging region；
Sum of series time determining module, for modulation transfer function and numeric field TDI imaging signal to noise ratio to be imaged according to numeric field TDI
Model determines the integral sum of series time of integration of TDI imaging region；
Expected gain determining module, when for being exposed according to the expectation gray value, the actual grey mean value, the pre- bat
Between, the pre- bat gain, the time of integration described in the integral sum of series, determine the expected gain；
It is expected that time for exposure determining module, for being increased according to the product and the expectation of the expectation time for exposure and expected gain
Benefit determines the expectation time for exposure；
TDI image-forming module, it is current for being determined according to the integral series, the time of integration, expected gain and expectation time for exposure
The image of TDI imaging region；
Judgment module, for judging whether that there are also next pre- bat regions；
Parameter updating module is when having next pre- bat region, according to the phase for the judging result in the judgment module
Time for exposure and the expected gain is hoped to update next pre- pre- bat time for exposure for clapping region and the pre- bat gain, and
The updated pre- bat time for exposure and the pre- bat gain are sent to the actual grey determining module；
Image taking module, for the judging result in the judgment module be no next pre- bat region when, according to each TDI
The image of imaging region determines the shooting image of TDI camera.
8. adjustment system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The detection parameters of the sensor include the detection zone of sensor, sensor readout time, the satellite transit parameter
Including satellite transit track, satellite ground velocity and orbit altitude；Wherein,
The pre- bat determining module specifically includes:
Pre- umber of beats amount determination unit is determined for the detection zone according to the sensor with the satellite transit track described pre-
Clap the quantity in region；
It is pre- to clap interval determination unit, for determining each area Yu Pai according to the sensor readout time and the satellite ground velocity
The interval in domain；
It is pre- to clap line number determination unit, for being exposed according to the orbit altitude, the satellite ground velocity and each pre- pre- bat for clapping region
Time determines the corresponding pre- line number for clapping region.
9. adjustment system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the pre- bat line number determination unit is used for according to public affairs
Formula:Determine the pre- line number for clapping region, wherein N indicates the pre- line number for clapping region, and H indicates that track is high
Degree；VSIndicate satellite ground velocity；D indicates optical system focal length；A indicates pixel dimension；The time for exposure is clapped in T ' expression in advance.
10. adjustment system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that sum of series time determining module is used for according to formula:Determine the numeric field TDI imaging modulation transfer function, wherein fmtf(Tint,
M) indicate that modulation transfer function, T is imaged in the numeric field TDIintIndicate the time of integration, M indicates the integral series, K table
Show that the Optical System Design of TDI camera and diffraction pass letter, stray light passes letter, processing and manufacturing passes letter, sensor target surface passes letter, defocus
Pass letter, Platform Vibration residual error passes letter, atmosphere passes letter at target surface and imageable target passes the product of letter, Δ VP/VPIt indicates as moving matching
Residual error, v indicate the optical system sample frequency of TDI camera, vNIndicate nyquist frequency.
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| CN108833751B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-06-22 | 北京大恒图像视觉有限公司 | High frame rate linear array industrial camera based on area array image sensor and implementation method thereof |
| CN109120848B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-04-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for adjusting integration series of space camera |
| CN110335320B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-04-28 | 常州天眼星图光电科技有限公司 | Ground automatic calibration method for integration time of remote sensing camera |
| CN111294529B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-11-16 | 长春长光辰芯光电技术有限公司 | High dynamic range TDI image sensor and imaging method thereof |
| CN112702542B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-09-27 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Imaging electronic equipment in motion |
| WO2022160294A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Exposure control method and device, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN113347369B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Deep space exploration camera exposure adjusting method, adjusting system and adjusting device thereof |
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