CN106788017A - A kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and method - Google Patents
A kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106788017A CN106788017A CN201611041674.1A CN201611041674A CN106788017A CN 106788017 A CN106788017 A CN 106788017A CN 201611041674 A CN201611041674 A CN 201611041674A CN 106788017 A CN106788017 A CN 106788017A
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- wind
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- speed
- speed limit
- electromagnetism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
Abstract
A kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and method are the embodiment of the invention provides, the system includes：Electromagnetism speed limit device, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation and intelligent control switch, electromagnetism speed limit device are arranged between wind turbine and generator；Uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is connected with generator, by intelligent control switch for electromagnetism speed limit device is powered.Methods described includes：Uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation obtains the part alternating current of generator, by intelligent control switch for electromagnetism speed limit device is powered；Intelligent control switch is measured and judges that the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is more than or equal to voltage threshold, then intelligent control switch closure；Electromagnetism speed limit device is powered and produces magnetic field, further produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, the part wind energy that consumption wind turbine absorbs to reduce the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft.The embodiment of the present invention realizes wind generator system and crosses wind speed defencive function, it is ensured that it can normal power generation under a certain degree of wind speed environments excessively.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary
Speed limiting system and method.
Background technology
Wind energy becomes the new energy of countries in the world attention because of characteristics such as its environmental protection, widely distributed and energy abundances
One of source.For some outlying mountain areas, the electrical problem in farming and pastoral area, the development of wind generating technology provides a good solution
Certainly method.But under field conditions (factors), the very big randomness of wind speed and direction presence, the wind speed excessively that strong wind weather brings easily causes wind
The input power of Force system is too high so that blower fan is too fast with generator amature rotating speed, and the driving for causing wind turbine is out of control, burn
Generator and rectifier control circuit, battery is damaged, even result in mechanical part and the serious consequence such as come off.
Therefore, if the rotor rotating speed of wind turbine and generator can effectively be limited when wind speed is crossed, not only it is avoided that
The too fast serious infringement for bringing of rotor rotating speed, moreover it is possible to make wind generator system normally operate on wind speed interval, improves
The wind speed of wind generator system increases wind power system generated energy using the interval upper limit, increases wind energy utilization.Therefore in wind-force hair
In the application process of electric system, studied under wind speed, the technical method for limiting wind generator system rotor rotating speed is necessary.
In the prior art, the speed limit mode of small-sized fan mainly includes three kinds, and one kind is mechanical braking speed limit：Conventional mechanical braking limit
Fast mode is the effective front face area by reducing wind wheel, reach reduce absorb wind energy effect, and then complete paired systems limit
Fast function, it mainly includes two ways：(1) wind wheel is made to deviate wind direction with certain mechanism；(2) wind wheel is changed with certain mechanism
Blade pitch angle.Wherein, the architectural characteristic of fixed pitch wind-driven generator makes it to change rotor blade pitch angle by using
Method, general only pitch-controlled wind-driven generator can just realize reducing blower fan by changing rotor blade pitch angle
Rotating speed.And method (1) is characterized in that the head or certain part of small-sized fan are in using the structure for changing wind wheel direction windward
Dynamic support state, caused by longtime running mechanical wear also can aggrandizement apparatus fit clearance, cause protection it is delayed, failure with
And violent vibrations.And the setting of yaw system also tends to that expensive and complicated, fault rate is high, the specialty requirement of maintenance
It is higher.Another kind is resistive braking：Resistive braking speed limit mode refers to, when wind-driven generator rotating speed exceedes threshold values, to calculate current
The corresponding resistance of maximum reverse braking moment under rotating speed, and realize controlling the rotating speed of blower fan by adjusting parallel resistance value.When
Adjusted during ohmic load using the method for changing parallel resistance quantity, it has regulation simple, reliability advantage high；But
When parallel resistance is devoted oneself to work carries out speed limit, the winding current of generator can also increase, and this electric current for having aggravated generator is born
Load, while the limitation of generator windings electric current also reduces the adjustable range of resistive braking.Also one kind is friction speed limit：Friction
Limit speed for braking condition mode is to install bremsbelage, brake arm or hydraulic means in systems, and electric switch is completed according to wind velocity signal
Opening and closing movement, realizes the control to skidding arm, friction plate or hydraulic means, reaches the effect of limiting brake.This method
The friction means abrasion of use is very fast, and the contact in braking procedure between part can also cause vibrations.And wherein hydraulic speed-limiting braking
The cost of method is also higher, and maintenance period is short, while the Applicable temperature scope of water brake is also limited.
Therefore, a kind of method how is proposed, the feelings that each part of wind generator system is laid out substantially can be not being significantly affected
Under condition, the rotating speed of wind generator system armature spindle can be effectively reduced when wind speed is excessive, it is ensured that wind generator system is in wind speed
Normal work is remained to when excessive, as problem demanding prompt solution.
The content of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limit
System and method.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system, including：Electromagnetism
Speed-limiting device, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation and intelligent control switch, the electromagnetism speed limit device are arranged on wind turbine and generating
Between machine, the rotating speed of the generator rotor shaft is reduced by producing electromagnetism speed limit braking moment；The uncontrollable rectifier is powered
Device is connected with the generator, and the part alternating current of generator is rectified into direct current, and by the intelligent control switch
For the electromagnetism speed limit device is powered.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of application wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and carries out wind-driven generator
The method for aiding in speed limit, including：
Uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation obtains the part alternating current of generator, and the AC rectification is sent into direct current
To intelligent control switch；
The intelligent control switch measures the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation, if the output is known in judgement
Voltage is more than or equal to voltage threshold, then the intelligent control switch closure；
Electromagnetism speed limit device is powered and produces magnetic field, further produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, and consumption wind turbine absorbs
Part wind energy, reduce generator rotor shaft rotating speed.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system and method, when wind generator system was in wind
During speed operation, electro-magnetic braking device starts starts working, and produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, consumes part wind energy, it is ensured that wind
The rotor rotating speed of turbine and generator is in normal range (NR) so that wind generator system it is a certain degree of cross wind speed under still
Energy normal work, had both realized wind generator system and had crossed wind speed defencive function, and the wind speed for also improving wind generator system is utilized
The interval upper limit, increases wind power system generated energy, increases wind energy utilization.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are this hairs
Some bright embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with root
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and wind generator system in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electromagnetism speed limit device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the brake disc generation electromagnetism speed limit braking moment in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the magnetic line of force distribution schematic diagram of winding coil in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of intelligent control switch in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the power-balance regulation path schematic diagram of the wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow sheet of wind-driven generator auxiliary method for limiting speed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and wind generator system in the embodiment of the present invention,
As shown in figure 1, wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes：Electromagnetism speed limit device 5, uncontrollable rectifier
Electric supply installation, 6 and intelligent control switch 7, electromagnetism speed limit device 5 are arranged between wind turbine 1 and generator 2, by producing
Electromagnetism speed limit braking moment reduces the rotating speed of the armature spindle of generator 2；Uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 is connected with generator 2, will send out
The part alternating current of motor 2 is rectified into direct current, and by intelligent control switch 7 for electromagnetism speed limit device 5 is powered.
Specifically, as shown in figure 1, wind generator system generally includes wind turbine 1, generator 2, system commutation inversion device
3 and terminal output 4, wind turbine 1 absorb wind energy after, drive generator 2 operate；The electric energy of the production of generator 2 is whole by system
Stream inverter 3, is converted into standard electric energy, and standard electric energy is delivered to the terminals such as battery or power network output 4.When wind speed is excessive
When, the rotating speed of wind turbine 1 can exceed its rated speed, and wind turbine 1 and generator 2 are coaxial rotatings, the rotation driving of wind turbine 1
Generator 2 rotates, and when the rotating speed of wind turbine 1 is excessive, the driving of wind turbine 1 can be caused out of control, and the armature spindle of generator 2 turn
Speed also can be too fast so that the power of generator 2 is excessive, causes generator 2, rectifier control device 3 and battery or power network
Burnt etc. terminal output 4.The embodiment of the present invention sets electromagnetism speed limit device 5 between wind turbine 1 and generator 2, and is provided with
The uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 being connected with generator 2, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 have capacity it is small the characteristics of, it includes bridge-type
Uncontrollable rectifier circuit, is rectified into direct current, and be by intelligent control switch 7 by the part alternating current obtained from generator 2
Electromagnetism speed limit device 5 is powered.Certainly AC rectification specifically be can also be into other method into galvanic method, the present invention is real
Example is applied to be not especially limited.When wind-force is excessive, intelligent control switch 7 is closed so that uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 is limited for electromagnetism
Speed variator 5 is powered.Electromagnetism speed limit device 5 can produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment after being powered, offset part wind generator system
Input torque, the part wind energy that consumption wind turbine 1 absorbs, so as to reduce the rotating speed of the armature spindle of generator 2.
When wind speed is excessive, system commutation inversion device 3 can start wind speed protection and disconnect so that wind generator system
Without electric energy output.Therefore uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 is connected with generator 2, does not obtain electricity from system commutation inversion device 3
Can, it can be ensured that when causing system commutation inversion device 3 to start wind speed protection because crossing wind speed, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6
Remain to obtain alternating current from generator 2, it is ensured that electromagnetism speed limit device 5 has the reliable power supply source to normally complete speed limit work
Make.Generator 2 also causes that electromagnetism is limited by the mode that uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 is directly powered to electromagnetism speed limit device 5 simultaneously
The speed limit effect of speed variator 5 and the same trend of wind speed, i.e. wind speed more day of one's doom effect are also better.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, is set by between wind turbine and generator
Electromagnetism speed limit device, when wind speed is excessive, electromagnetism is produced by uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation by intelligent control switch for it is powered
Limiting brake torque, offsets the input torque of part wind generator system, and the part wind energy that consumption wind turbine absorbs reduces hair
The rotating speed of rotor axis of electric, realizes wind generator system and crosses wind speed speed-limiting protection function, allows wind generator system in certain journey
With normal rotor speed stable operation under the wind speed environments excessively of degree.Additionally, wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention is auxiliary
Speed limiting system is helped, simple structure, small volume, the influence installed to wind generator system basic structure is also smaller.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electromagnetism speed limit device in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2 in above-described embodiment
On the basis of, the electromagnetism speed limit device includes：Brake disc 21 and the iron core with winding coil 22, brake disc 21 are arranged on wind turbine
Between 1 and generator 2, with wind turbine 1 and the coaxial rotating of generator 2；Winding coil in iron core 22 with winding coil with
Intelligent control switch 7 is connected, and the distance between the iron core 22 with winding coil and brake disc 21 are not less than predeterminable range, so that
Obtaining can cut the magnetic line of force that the winding coil of energization is produced after brake disc 21 rotates, so as to produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 electromagnetism speed limit device 5 includes brake disc 21 and the iron core 22 with winding coil, wherein making
Moving plate 21 is arranged between wind turbine 1 and generator 2, and is set with wind turbine 1 and the coaxial rotating of generator 2, i.e. brake disc 21
Put on the armature spindle 24 being connected with generator 2 in wind turbine 1, with the coaxial rotating of armature spindle 24.The material of wherein brake disc 21 is
There is the metal of good magnetic conductivity, can be specifically iron or steel, can also be that other have the metal of good magnetic conductivity, this hair certainly
Bright embodiment is not especially limited.Winding coil 23 in iron core 22 with winding coil is connected with intelligent control switch 7, by intelligence
The energy control uncontrollable rectifier of controlling switch 7 electric supply installation 6 is that the winding coil 23 in the iron core 22 with winding coil is powered.Band winding
The distance between iron core 22 and brake disc 21 of coil are not less than predeterminable range, and predeterminable range can be wind power system most severe
In the environment of when working, the iron core 22 with winding coil is not contacted still with brake disc 21, and can produce the distance of excitation effect.Both
The security of brake disc 21 and the iron core with winding coil is ensure that, also ensures that brake disc 21 is logical in the iron core 22 with winding coil
In the magnetic field range produced after electricity.After brake disc 21 rotates, vortex flow can be produced inside it, the metal brake with vortex flow
Cutting magnetic field is moved after disk 21 rotates, and can be acted on by Ampere force, so as to produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, consumes wind turbine
The part wind energy of absorption, reduces the rotating speed of generator amature.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the brake disc generation electromagnetism speed limit braking moment in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, this
The iron core with winding coil in the electromagnetism speed limit device that inventive embodiments are provided can produce magnetic field after powered up, wherein iron core
Magnetic pole strength width is a, and magnetic pole strength length is b, and the distance of disc centres to pole center is L, wind powered generator system rotation
Angular speed be brake disc angular velocity of rotation be ω.The magnetic field that iron core with winding coil is produced passes through brake disc, with system
The rotation of Moving plate, through brake disc magnetic flux B can be over time change and change, and then produce vortex flow, in magnetic field
Acted on by Ampere force, produced electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBraking.The power that wind turbine absorbs further is converted into electromagnetic system
Dynamic power PBraking, the part wind energy of wind turbine absorption is consumed, reduce the rotating speed of the armature spindle of wind turbine and generator.Its
Middle electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBrakingFormula may be referred to formula (1)-(7).
TBraking=2BIebL (1)
In formula：TBraking--- braking moment；
B --- through the magnetic induction intensity of brake disc；
Ie--- the virtual value of the vortex produced in brake disc；
The length of the magnetic pole strength of the iron core of b --- winding coil；
L --- the distance in brake disc axle center to pole center.
In formula：Δh--- vortex flow skin depth on the disc brake rotor；
The iron core of S --- winding coil projected area on the disc brake rotor；
The angular velocity of rotation of ω --- brake disc；
The resistivity of ρ --- brake disc.
S=a × b (3)
In formula：The width of the magnetic pole strength of the iron core of a --- winding coil.
In formula：μ0--- space permeability；
μr--- relative permeability.
In formula：The number of turn of N --- winding coil；
I --- the virtual value of the electric current in winding coil；
Rm--- magnetic return path magnetic resistance；
Ke--- conversion factor.
Bring formula (2), (3), (4) and (5) into formula (1), electromagnetism speed limit braking moment T can be obtainedBraking, specific ginseng
See formula (6)：
Due to power P=T ω, according to electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBraking, bring formula (6) into P=T ω, electricity can be obtained
Magnetic brake power PBraking, referring specifically to formula (7)：
Electromagnetic braking power PBrakingIt is that brake disc is produced by producing braking moment to share the partially absorbing power of wind turbine
Raw, when wherein wind generator system runs, shown in the computing formula equation below (8) of the absorbed power P of wind turbine,
In formula：The absorbed power of P --- wind turbine；
CP--- the efficiency of wind turbine；
A --- the frontal area of wind turbine wind wheel；
ηIt is empty--- atmospheric density；
V --- wind speed.
In formula：λ --- tip speed ratio；
The radius of the wind wheel front face area of R --- wind turbine；
ω --- rotor rotating speed.
After by formula (9) and (10) conversion, formula (8) is substituted into, the computing formula of wind turbine absorbed power can be obtained, such as
Formula (11)
From formula (11) as can be seen that the rotating speed of armature spindle is proportional with the absorbed power of wind turbine, work as wind turbine
When absorbed power is excessive, rotor rotating speed is too high, now electromagnetism speed limit device start, by produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment come
Consume wind turbine partially absorbs power, while the rotating speed of armature spindle is reduced, also limit the input power of generator,
Realized wind speed defencive function.Electromagnetic braking power PBrakingIt is that brake disc is produced by producing braking moment, it is shared
Wind turbine partially absorbs power, during the electromagnetic braking power of generation is dispersed into air in the form of the heat energy on the disc brake rotor, both
The mechanical structure of electromagnetism speed limit device is not interfered with, the working environment of generator is not interfered with yet.It can be seen that wind-power electricity generation system
, when being run under crossing wind friction velocity, after electromagnetism speed limit device works, the power that wind turbine absorbs is by electromagnetism speed limit device point for system
Load, so that the absorbed power of generator is not higher than rated value, it is ensured that wind generator system is remained in the case where gustiness is crossed
Normal power generation.
From formula (6) and formula (7), after the selected simultaneously installation of the devices such as winding coil, brake disc, electromagnetism limit
Fast braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBrakingOnly with winding coil in electric current I, braking disc spins angular velocity omega and
Turn number N is related.Other specification in formula (6) and (7) is after the selected simultaneously installation of the devices such as winding coil, brake disc
All have determined and known.Each parameter is to electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBrakingSpecific influence it is as follows：
The part of closed magnetic circuit includes larger air magnetic circuit in electromagnetism speed limit device, then magnetic circuit is in linear shape
State, the excitation magnetic flux phi that magnetic pole is producedmIt is proportional to the size of current in winding coil.Then as shown in formula (6) and (7),
Electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBrakingWith square proportional example linear relationship of coil current I, increase around
Electric current I in group coil can increase electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBraking。
It is similar to coil current I, electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith square proportional of umber of turn N.Increase
The number of turn of winding coil can effectively increase electromagnetism speed limit braking moment TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBraking.Therefore, in wind-force
When electricity generation system installs electromagnetism speed limit device, select appropriate umber of turn particularly significant.
In sum, before wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system work, suitable disc material and its size are selected,
Spacing in regulation winding coil umber of turn and winding coil between iron core and brake disc, that is, set the resistivity of brake disc
ρ, relative permeability μr, magnetic pole strength width a, the length b of magnetic pole strength, brake disc center of gravity to pole center apart from L, vortex flow
Skin depth Δ h on the disc brake rotor, winding coil umber of turn N, magnetic return path magnetic resistance RmEtc. parameter.Work as wind-driven generator
When auxiliary speed limiting system works, with wind speed and functional relation, the wind generator system rotor of wind generator system rotor rotating speed
The functional relation of functional relation that rotating speed exports electric energy with it, output electric energy and electromagnetic braking torque, electromagnetic braking torque and
Based on the functional relation of wind generator system rotor rotating speed, suitable control strategy is selected, just can realize this electromagnetism intelligence
Control for Speed Limitation of the auxiliary speed limiting system to wind generator system.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, and being set between wind turbine and generator includes
The electromagnetism speed limit device of the winding coil of brake disc and ribbon core, when wind speed is excessive, is powered by by brake disc circumgyration incision
The magnetic line of force that winding coil afterwards is produced, and electromagnetism speed limit braking moment is produced, so that the part wind energy of wind turbine absorption is consumed,
The rotating speed of generator amature is reduced, realize wind generator system crosses wind speed defencive function.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the brake disc and the winding coil are arranged on the cabin of the generator
Outward, wherein described iron core one end with winding coil is arranged on the outer wall of the cabin, between the other end and the brake disc
There is certain gap, the gap is within a preset range.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 brake disc 21 and iron core 22 with winding coil are arranged on outside the cabin of generator 2,
One end of iron core 22 with winding coil is arranged on the outer wall 25 of cabin, have between the other end and brake disc 21 it is certain between
Gap, gap is within a preset range, it is ensured that the iron core 22 with winding coil is not directly contacted with brake disc 21.It should be noted that
Gap between iron core 22 and brake disc 21 with winding coil can be configured according to actual conditions, and gap is different, passes through
The magnetic flux for braking disk 21 is different, and magnetic induction intensity is different, and the vortex flow of generation is also different, so as to cause the electromagnetism for producing to limit
Fast braking moment is different.Can specifically be found out according to formula (6), the distance in brake disc axle center to pole center influences whether electromagnetism
The size of limiting brake torque.Therefore as needed, can be by adjusting between the iron core 22 with winding coil and brake disc 21
Gap come adjust brake disc 21 generation electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, further regulation speed limit effect.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, during limiting brake, the hair that will be absorbed
Electric system power margin, in the form of generating heat, consumes in brake disc.And because this wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system will be made
Moving plate and the iron core with winding coil are arranged on outside the cabin of generator so that brake disc can be dissipated heat energy by convection current and radiation
It is dealt into the environment of surrounding, without heat energy is dispersed into the cabin of generator, not only effectively alleviates the electricity of engine block
Load pressure, while also reducing the temperature rise of generator.Realize the running environment that does not significantly affect former wind generator system
In the case of, the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft is reduced, realize crossing wind speed defencive function to wind generator system.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the diameter parallel of the iron core with winding coil and the brake disc but do not weigh
Close, wherein the axis direction of the iron core meets right-hand screw rule relation with the winding direction of the winding coil.
Specifically, the diameter parallel of the iron core 22 with winding coil in the embodiment of the present invention and brake disc 21 but do not weigh
Close, i.e., the two axis is not point-blank so that the direction of the magnetic line of force that the iron core 22 with winding coil sends and brake disc
21 axial plane is vertical.Additionally, also being maintained a certain distance between iron core 22 and brake disc 21 with winding coil.
Fig. 4 is the magnetic line of force distribution schematic diagram of winding coil in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention
The winding coil of offer after powered up, can cause magnetic flux through brake disc 21 than more uniform, and such brake disc 21 is rotated
When can be reduced to make sinusoidal variations with the time through the change of the magnetic flux at its interior any point.According to right-hand screw rule,
Vortex flow can be formed in brake disc 21, the cutting magnetic line when brake disc 21 with vortex flow is rotated can be subject to Ampere force and produce
Electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, so as to play speed limit effect.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of intelligent control switch in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, in above-described embodiment
On the basis of, the intelligent control switch includes：Measuring unit 51, logic unit 52 and execution unit 53, measuring unit 51 with not
Control commutation supply voltage device 6 is connected, the output voltage for measuring uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6, and the output voltage is sent
To logic unit 52；Logic unit 52 receives the output voltage, and the output voltage and default threshold voltage are compared,
And send to execution unit 53 comparing result；Execution unit 53 is connected with electromagnetism speed limit device 5, described right according to what is received
Closed than result or opening operation.
Specifically, measuring unit 51 includes voltage magnitude measuring circuit, to the direct current of the output of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6
Pressure is that output voltage carries out amplitude measurement；Logic unit 52 includes voltage magnitude contrast circuit, in advance will in logic unit 52
During cut-out wind speed the output voltage setting of corresponding uncontrollable rectifier device 6 be threshold voltage, and by measuring unit 51 measure it is defeated
Go out voltage to be contrasted with default threshold voltage, comparing result is input into execution unit 53；Execution unit 53 includes control
The switch that electromagnetism speed limit device 5 is powered, the closure or disconnected that execution unit 53 is switched according to the comparing result of logic unit 52
Open, realize the power supply control to electromagnetism speed limit device 5.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, and uncontrollable rectifier is measured by intelligent control switch
The output voltage of electric supply installation, and output voltage and threshold voltage are compared, controlled electromagnetism speed limit to fill according to comparing result
The energization or power-off put, realize the reasonable control to electromagnetism speed limit device so that the electromagnetism speed limit device work when wind speed is crossed,
Otherwise electromagnetism speed limit device is in a dormant state.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the execution unit is closed or opening operation according to the comparing result,
Including：If described is that the output voltage is more than or equal to the threshold voltage than result, the execution unit is closed
Operation；If described is that the output voltage is less than the threshold voltage than result, the execution unit turns off operation.
Specifically, because the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 is provided by generator, when wind speed is excessive,
The rotating speed increase of generator rotor shaft, power output can increase accordingly, cause output voltage to increase.Therefore, logic unit is worked as
The 52 output voltage U for judging the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 that measuring unit 51 is measuredIt is defeatedMore than or equal to default threshold voltage UValve
When, i.e. UIt is defeated≥UValve, logic unit 52 can export the comparing result for representing "Yes", after execution unit 53 receives comparing result,
Switch is closed, electromagnetism speed limit device 5 is powered and starts, and produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, reduces the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft；
Otherwise, logic unit 52 judges the output voltage U of the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation 6 that measuring unit 51 is measuredIt is defeatedLess than threshold voltage
UValveWhen, i.e. UIt is defeated<UValve, the comparing result for representing "No" can be exported, after execution unit 43 (53) receives comparing result, will switch
Disconnect, the powered down sleep of electromagnetism speed limit device 5, at this moment, wind speed is in the range of wind generator system normal work.Certainly contrast is tied
The specific expression implication of fruit, can be configured as needed, and the embodiment of the present invention is not especially limited.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, and uncontrollable rectifier is measured by intelligent control switch
The output voltage of electric supply installation, and output voltage and threshold voltage are compared, when output voltage is more than or equal to threshold voltage
When, represent that wind speed is excessive, at this moment intelligent control switch closure, the energization work of electromagnetism speed limit device；Otherwise, wind speed is being represented just
Often, intelligent control switch disconnects, electromagnetism speed limit device powered down sleep.Realize according to wind speed come to the reasonable of electromagnetism speed limit device
Control so that the electromagnetism speed limit device work when wind speed is crossed, realize wind generator system crosses wind speed defencive function.
Lower mask body introduces the operation principle of wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system in the embodiment of the present invention, so as to preferably
Understand the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention.
When wind generator system runs, it is assumed that wind speed VWindIt is cut-out wind speed V1out, corresponding armature spindle rotational speed omega is critical
Rated speed ωout.When wind speed from cut-out wind speed VWindIncrease △ VWindTo V'WindWhen, the rotor rotating speed of wind generator system is by critical
Rated speed ωoutIncrease to ω ', the critical normal absorption power P of wind turbineWind turbineIncrease △ PWind turbineTo P'Wind turbine, P'Wind turbineRepresent
Cross wind speed V'Wind, the absorbed power of lower wind turbine.Wherein, cross wind speed under wind turbine absorbed power P'Wind turbineSpecific formula referring to
Formula (12)：
P'Wind turbine=PWind turbine+ΔPWind turbine (12)
In formula：P'Wind turbine--- cross wind speed V'WindThe absorbed power of lower wind turbine；
PWind turbine--- the critical normal absorption power of wind turbine；
△PWind turbine--- wind turbine is from critical normal absorption power to the changing value for crossing the absorbed power under wind speed.
By formula (11) substitute into formula (12) and carry out simply change after, the additional absorbent power of wind turbine can be obtained
△PWind turbine, referring specifically to formula (13)：
In formula：ω ' --- cross wind speed V'WindThe rotating speed of lower rotor part axle；
ωout--- cut-out wind speed VWindCorresponding rotor critical speed of shaft.
Understood according to above-mentioned formula (8), (10), as wind speed VWindIncrease △ VWindTo V'WindWhen, armature spindle rotational speed omega and wind turbine
Absorbed power P increases.
If current wind speed is cut-out wind speed VWind, the critical normal absorption power P of wind turbine in systemWind turbineWith generator
Critical normal absorption power PGeneratorPower-balance relation such as formula (14) shown in：
PWind turbine=PGenerator (14)
In formula：PGenerator--- the critical normal absorption power of generator.
When wind speed is by VWindIncrease to V'WindWhen, now wind speed exceeds cut-out wind speed, then V'WindTo cross wind speed, i.e. V'Wind>VWind.This
When system in wind turbine absorbed power P'Wind turbine, generator absorbed power P'GeneratorAnd the critical normal absorption work(of wind turbine
Rate PWind turbine, generator critical normal absorption power PGeneratorPower-balance relation such as formula (15) shown in：
P'Wind turbine=Δ PWind turbine+PWind turbine=P'Generator＞ PGenerator (15)
In formula：P'Generator--- cross wind speed V'WindUnder be fitted without the absorbed power of generator during speed limit accessory system.
Now, the absorbed power P' of generatorGeneratorHigher than critical normal absorption power PGenerator, then generator is in overload
Running status.Wind generator system needs to take measures to reduce the rotating speed of armature spindle, reduces the absorbed power of generator, it is ensured that wind
The normal operation of Force system.At this moment, electromagnetism speed limit device starts, and brake disc produces electromagnetic braking torque TBraking, brake disc can consume
The absorbed power of part wind turbine, this Partial Power is electromagnetic braking power PBraking, electromagnetic braking torque TBrakingWith electromagnetic braking work(
Rate PBrakingSpecific formula referring to above-mentioned formula (6) and (7).
Therefore, the wind-driven generator in installing the embodiment of the present invention in wind generator system aids in speed limiting system, if wind
Speed is V'WindAnd during wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system work, the absorbed power of generator is P "Generator, then the power in system
Shown in equilibrium relation such as formula (16)：
P'Wind turbine=Δ PWind turbine+PWind turbine=P "Generator+PBraking (16)
In formula：P″Generator--- cross wind speed V'WindUnder be mounted with wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system when generator absorption work(
Rate.
By in formula (14) substitution formula (16), arrangement can obtain the critical normal absorption power P of generatorGeneratorWith wind speed excessively
The absorbed power P of generator when leeward power generator auxiliary speed limiting system starts "GeneratorRelation, such as shown in formula (17)：
ΔPWind turbine+PGenerator=P "Generator+PBraking (17)
According to formula (17), when crossing the auxiliary speed limiting system work of wind speed leeward power generator, if electromagnetism speed limit device is produced
Braking power PBrakingMore than the power △ P of wind turbine additional absorbentWind turbine, then wind-driven generator is in wind speed leeward power generator excessively
Absorbed power P when auxiliary speed limiting system starts "GeneratorLess than critical normal absorption power PGenerator, even meet formula (18) pass
System, then formula (19) establishment.Now wind-driven generator is in normal operating condition.
ΔPWind turbine≤PBraking (18)
PGenerator≥P″Generator (19)
△PWind turbineWith PBrakingExpression formula such as formula (13) and (7) shown in, when wind speed be V'WindWhen, rotor rotating speed is ω ',
By in formula (13) and (7) substitution formula (18), as shown in formula (20), and formula (20) arrangement can be obtained into formula (21)：
The implication of parameter is consistent with above-described embodiment in formula, and here is omitted.
Formula (21) is to be derived by formula (18) and obtained, therefore in theory, has installed wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system additional
Wind generator system when being worked under any wind speed, if the rotor of the coil current of electromagnetism speed limit device and wind generator system
The relation coincidence formula (21) of rotating speed, then formula (19) establishment, i.e., wind-driven generator just can be with normal work.
From formula (6) and (21), the electric current I of the winding coil of electromagnetism speed limit device is not only influence TBrakingIt is important
Variable, while being also the key factor for adjusting wind generator system power-balance, the size of regulation winding coil electric current I, so that it may
To ensure the normal operation of wind generator system.Fig. 6 is the work(of the wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system in the embodiment of the present invention
Rate balance adjustment path schematic diagram, as shown in fig. 6, the electric current I of the winding coil in the embodiment of the present invention is directly carried by generator
For the power-balance regulation path when wind generator system for having installed wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system additional works can represent
For as follows：
As wind speed VWindDuring increase, armature spindle rotational speed omega, wind turbine absorbed power PWind turbineWith generator absorbed power PGeneratorAll
Increase；The then power output P of generatorOutputIncrease, transfers to the iron core winding coil electric current I increases of electromagnetism speed limit device；According to formula
(6) and (7), it is known that the electromagnetism speed limit braking moment T that electromagnetism speed limit device is producedBrakingWith electromagnetic braking power PBrakingAlso with coil electricity
The stream same trend growths of I；And from power-balance equation (17), PBrakingIncrease, can to a greater degree reduce wind turbine and additionally inhale
Receive power △ PWind turbineTo the absorbed power P of generator under wind speed excessivelyBrakingInfluence, it is ensured that the normal operation of wind generator system,
Realize the speed-limiting protection to wind generator system.Additionally, the wind-driven generator in the embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system
Workflow and wind generator system form that negative-feedback, i.e. wind speed are bigger, the braking effect of wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system
Fruit is stronger, and the electromagnetism speed limit braking moment of generation is bigger, and electromagnetic braking power is bigger, and the power that the wind turbine shared absorbs is got over
It is many, effectively realize speed-limiting protection function and maintain the stabilization of system.
Therefore, when crossing wind speed, if can be by default regulation so that the coil current that generator is exported to electromagnetism speed limit device
Relation described in I and current rotor rotating speed coincidence formula (21), then the power of wind turbine additional absorbent is not under any wind speed
Wind generator system can be impacted, i.e., wind generator system can normally run under any wind speed.Wind is now installed additional
The cut-out wind speed V of the wind generator system of power generator auxiliary speed limiting system2outMore than the cut-out wind speed of former wind generator system
V1out, i.e. V2out>V1out, the wind speed of wind generator system is improve using the interval upper limit, increase wind energy utilization.
Wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limiting system, can be filled by the rational electromagnetism speed limit that sets
Put structural parameters such as：Material and size, the brake disc center of gravity to pole center of brake disc are apart from L and winding coil winding turns
Number N etc., can further adjust the electric current of the winding coil in electromagnetism speed limit device, it is possible to achieve ensure wind-force under any wind speed
Electricity generation system being capable of normal work.Realized wind speed leeward force generating system crosses wind speed defencive function.The embodiment of the present invention
The wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system simple structure of offer, small volume, are easily installed, and are not only convenient for being arranged on newly-increased Miniature wind
On power generator, the repacking of original wind-driven generator is also allowed for.While completion wind generator system crosses wind speed speed-limiting protection,
The cut-out wind speed of wind-driven generator is improve, wind speed is expanded using interval, the utilization rate of wind energy is increased.
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow sheet of wind-driven generator auxiliary method for limiting speed in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, upper
State on the basis of embodiment, the method for wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limit provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes：
S1, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation obtain the part alternating current of generator, and by the AC rectification into direct current
Send to intelligent control switch；
Specifically, uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is connected with the generator in wind generator system, obtains the part of generator
Alternating current simultaneously passes through bridge-type uncontrollable rectifier circuit by AC rectification into direct current, sends to intelligent control switch.
S2, the intelligent control switch measure the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation, if judging to know described
Output voltage is more than or equal to voltage threshold, then the intelligent control switch closure；
Specifically, if wind speed is excessive, the power output increase of generator further results in the defeated of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation
Go out voltage more than threshold voltage.Intelligent control switch measures the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation, and by output voltage and
Default threshold voltage is made comparisons, if judging to know that output voltage, more than or equal to threshold voltage, is closed, to cause that electromagnetism is limited
Speed variator is powered and starts, and starts working.
S3, electromagnetism speed limit device are powered and produce magnetic field, further produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, and consumption wind turbine is inhaled
The part wind energy of receipts, reduces the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft.
Specifically, after electromagnetism speed limit device is powered, the iron core with winding coil therein can produce magnetic field, and electromagnetism speed limit
Braking disc spins in device can produce vortex flow, and cutting belt winding coil the magnetic line of force that produces of iron core, so as to be pacified
The effect for training power produces braking moment, the part wind energy that consumption wind turbine absorbs, the rotating speed of reduction generator rotor shaft.
For example：When wind speed is excessive, the power output increase of generator, the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is more than
Threshold voltage, intelligent control switch will be closed so that uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is powered for electromagnetism speed limit device.Electromagnetism speed limit
After device is powered, the iron core with winding coil can produce magnetic field, and vortex flow, and cutting belt winding coil are produced during braking disc spins
Iron core produce the magnetic line of force so that by Ampere force effect produce braking moment, further produce electromagnetic braking power, disappear
The part wind energy that consumption wind turbine absorbs, reduces the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft.
The method that wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limit, by installing wind in wind generator system
Power generator aids in speed limiting system, when wind speed is crossed, produces braking moment to consume what wind turbine absorbed by electromagnetism speed limit device
Part wind energy, and the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft is reduced, realize wind generator system crosses wind speed defencive function.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, methods described also includes：If intelligent control switch judges to know that uncontrollable rectifier is supplied
The output voltage of electric installation is less than voltage threshold, then the intelligent control switch disconnects, and the electromagnetism speed limit device is in dormancy
State.
Specifically, intelligent control switch is measured and judges that the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation is less than default voltage
During threshold values, wind speed is represented in wind generator system normal range of operation, at this moment electromagnetism speed limit device does not need work, intelligence control
System is switched off, so that electromagnetism speed limit device is powered off and in a dormant state, is not operated.
The present invention provide wind-driven generator aid in speed limit method, operation principle with said system operation principle one
Cause, here is omitted.
The method that wind-driven generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention aids in speed limit, when wind generator system was in wind speed fortune
During row, the output voltage of generator rises, and the voltage magnitude of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation output rises and during more than threshold voltage,
Intelligent control switch is closed, and winding coil is powered and produces magnetic flux；Magnetic flux is by winding coil core magnetic pole, air gap and system
Closed magnetic circuit is formed after Moving plate；The brake disc cutting magnetic induction line of rotation, produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, consumes part wind
Can, allow wind turbine to be in normal range (NR) with the rotor rotating speed of generator so that wind generator system is in a certain degree of mistake
Normal work is remained under wind speed, wind generator system is both protected, the wind speed of wind generator system is also improved using on interval
Limit, increases wind power system generated energy, increases wind energy utilization.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
Modified with to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator aids in speed limiting system, it is characterised in that including：Electromagnetism speed limit device, do not control
Commutation supply voltage device and intelligent control switch, the electromagnetism speed limit device are arranged between wind turbine and generator, by producing
Electromagnetism speed limit braking moment is given birth to reduce the rotating speed of the generator rotor shaft；The uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation and the generating
Machine is connected, and the part alternating current of the generator is rectified into direct current, and is the electromagnetism by the intelligent control switch
Speed-limiting device is powered.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electromagnetism speed limit device includes：Brake disc and band winding
The iron core of coil, the brake disc is arranged between the wind turbine and the generator, with the wind turbine and the hair
Motor coaxle rotates；
The winding coil is connected with the intelligent control switch, and between the iron core with winding coil and the brake disc
Distance be not less than predeterminable range, after causing that the iron core with winding coil can be cut after the braking disc spins to be powered
The magnetic line of force of generation and produce electromagnetism speed limit braking moment.
3. system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the brake disc and the iron core with winding coil are set
Outside the cabin of the generator, wherein described iron core one end with winding coil is arranged on the outer wall of the cabin, it is another
There is certain gap between end and the brake disc, the gap is within a preset range.
4. the system according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the iron core with winding coil and the brake disc
Diameter parallel but misaligned, wherein the axis direction of the iron core meets right-handed helix with the winding direction of the winding coil
Rule relation.
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the intelligent control switch includes：Measuring unit, logic list
Unit and execution unit, the measuring unit are connected with the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation, are powered for measuring the uncontrollable rectifier
The output voltage of device, and the output voltage is sent to the logic unit；
The logic unit receives the output voltage, and the output voltage and default threshold voltage are compared, and will be right
Sent to the execution unit than result；
The execution unit is connected with the electromagnetism speed limit device, is closed or is disconnected according to the comparing result for receiving
Operation.
6. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the execution unit is closed according to the comparing result
Or opening operation, including：If described is that the output voltage is more than or equal to the threshold voltage than result, described to perform list
Unit carries out closed procedure；
If described is that the output voltage is less than the threshold voltage than result, the execution unit turns off operation.
7. a kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system applied as described in claim 1 to 6 is any enters sector-style
The method that power generator aids in speed limit, it is characterised in that including：
Uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation obtains the part alternating current of generator, and the AC rectification is sent to intelligence into direct current
Can controlling switch；
The intelligent control switch measures the output voltage of the uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation, if the output voltage is known in judgement
More than or equal to voltage threshold, then the intelligent control switch closure；
Electromagnetism speed limit device is powered and produces magnetic field, further produces electromagnetism speed limit braking moment, the portion that consumption wind turbine absorbs
Divide wind energy, reduce the rotating speed of generator rotor shaft.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：If intelligent control switch judges to obtain
Know the output voltage of uncontrollable rectifier electric supply installation less than voltage threshold, then the intelligent control switch disconnection, the electromagnetism speed limit
Device is in a dormant state.
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| CN201611041674.1A CN106788017B (en) | 2016-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | A kind of small-sized fixed pitch wind-driven generator auxiliary speed limiting system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108391887A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳市晓控通信科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent helmet with navigation and automatic charging function |
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| CN101469668A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-01 | 上海万德风力发电股份有限公司 | Small power electromagnetic deceleration pressure-limiting wind and solar energy mutual-complementing power generation system |
| US20140001756A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | General Electric Company | Electromagnetic braking systems and methods |
| CN203670109U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-06-25 | 中科恒源科技股份有限公司 | Brake system of wind driven generator |
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2016
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101469668A (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-01 | 上海万德风力发电股份有限公司 | Small power electromagnetic deceleration pressure-limiting wind and solar energy mutual-complementing power generation system |
| US20140001756A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | General Electric Company | Electromagnetic braking systems and methods |
| CN203670109U (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-06-25 | 中科恒源科技股份有限公司 | Brake system of wind driven generator |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108391887A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳市晓控通信科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent helmet with navigation and automatic charging function |
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