CN106784749A - A kind of silicon black phosphorus liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of silicon black phosphorus liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of silicon black phosphorus liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material and preparation method, is related to lithium ion battery negative material field, cell negative electrode material by following weight portion material composition：17 ~ 20 parts of source silicon, 20 ~ 36 parts of black phosphorus and 35 parts of liquid metals.Black phosphorus is by double-deck former molecular two-dimentional monocrystalline lamellar structure, thickness is an atom, and with natural band gap, and can have preferable compatibility with silicon, the present invention has the characteristic of mobility higher using black phosphorus, by compound with silicon, reduce the immigration load of silicon, further ternary lithium cell cathode material is formed with gallium niobium liquid metal, the volumetric expansion of silicon can effectively be suppressed, and under equal conditions, more lithium ion can be embedded in, the energy density and the stability to electrolyte of battery are improved, the cycle performance of battery is improve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery negative material field, and in particular to a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium electricity
Pond negative material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Modern industry is developed rapidly, and the mankind increasingly increase for the demand of the energy.The current world utilizes the energy
85% comes from fossil feedstock (coal, oil, natural gas etc.), and these raw materials are non-renewable, its environmental pollutions for causing
Constantly aggravating.Therefore, the development of green energy resource and its material, for realizing the 21st century strategy of sustainable development,
Alleviating energy crisis and mitigation pollution pressure all have very important significance.With the increasingly serious and people of environmental pollution
Environmental consciousness enhancing, be gradually restricted using toxic metals such as lead, cadmiums as the use of battery material, this promotes people to open
Begin to find new battery material.Lithium ion battery, as a kind of efficient green new energy that can be recycled, is comprehensive alleviation energy
A kind of important technology approach of source, resource and environmental problem.Particularly developed rapidly based on lithium ion battery in recent years
Numerous application fields such as portable type electronic product, electric vehicle, the power-supply system of Aero-Space and defence equipment, show invariably
Go out important support effect of the lithium ion battery to today's society sustainable development.Lithium battery as a kind of high-capacity environment-protecting battery, its
Have the advantages that operating voltage is high, specific energy big, can fast charging and discharging and service life cycle it is long, therefore widely should
For electronic products such as mobile phone, notebook computer and digital cameras.In addition, lithium battery starts gradually to be applied to electronic vapour
The emerging market such as car and space industry.
Lithium battery, is that a class is negative material, the battery using non-aqueous electrolytic solution by lithium metal or lithium alloy.Due to
The chemical characteristic of lithium metal is very active so that the processing of lithium metal, preserves, use, very high to environmental requirement, so, lithium
Battery is not applied for a long time, and with the development of technology, present lithium battery has become main flow.Lithium battery can substantially divide
It is two classes：Lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery.Lithium ion battery does not contain the lithium of metallic state, and can be charging.Lithium
It using lithium alloy metals oxides is that positive electrode, graphite are negative material that ion battery is usually, and uses non-water power electrolyte
Battery, during charging on positive pole occur reaction be：LiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electronics), during charging on negative pole
The reaction of generation is：6C+XLi++Xe- = LixC6, the overall reaction of rechargeable battery is：LiCoO2+6C = Li(1-x)CoO2+
LixC6。
The negative pole of lithium ion battery is by carbon element or non-carbon material, adhesive and additive mixing system
Into pasty state adhesive uniform application in Copper Foil both sides, formed through drying, rolling.In general, a kind of good negative material is selected
Following principle should be followed：Specific energy is high；Electrode potential with respect to lithium electrode is low；Discharge and recharge reaction good reversibility；With electrolyte and
Binding agent it is compatible good；Specific surface area is small, and real density is high；Size and good mechanical stability in process of intercalation；Aboundresources, valency
Lattice are cheap；It is stable in the air, have no toxic side effect.At present, it has been actually used in the negative material typically all carbon of lithium ion battery
Cellulosic material, such as graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon.But negative material exists and circulate first in charge and discharge process that coulombic efficiency is low and volume
The big phenomenon of change, and recycling performance is poor, therefore the cyclical stability of negative material is improved as research negative material
Main target.Since last century the nineties Sony corporation of Japan develops secondary lithium-ion electricity with graphite as negative pole first
Pond and since realizing industrialization, lithium ion battery has obtained rapid development.The battery system replaces lithium anode with graphite,
The security performance of battery is greatly improved, and with cycle life more long, while the efficiency for charge-discharge of battery is also improved,
Therefore the research and development of lithium ion battery are exactly largely the research and development of negative pole lithium intercalation compound, the development of negative material
Decisive role has been played in the development of lithium ion battery.As mobile phone, notebook computer, digital camera etc. are many portable small
The increasingly multifunction of type electrical equipment, the specifications and models and internal performance of battery also develop towards diversified direction, to the one of battery
The performance such as cause property and safety, high current, long-life proposes requirement higher.Negative material as lithium ion battery important set
Into part.Lithium ion battery negative material is generallyd include：Carbon negative pole material, tin base cathode material, lithium-containing transition metal nitride
Transition metal oxide and phosphide cathode material, transient metal sulfide negative material, alloy type negative material.At present commercially
The lithium ion battery negative material of change is main based on graphite-like carbon material, because its specific capacity is low and the problem system of security difference
The about further exploitation of power lithium-ion battery and application.Therefore the good negative material of exploitation height ratio capacity, security is to work as
The emphasis of modern research work.At present, lithium ion battery is mainly using silicon and its compound as electrode material, but it is in discharge and recharge
During electrode volume expand, the unstable deficiency of battery performance, the cyclicity of battery is poor.
The content of the invention
For battery present in current lithium ion battery, electrode volume is expanded in charge and discharge process, battery performance
Unstable deficiency, the invention provides a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material and preparation method thereof,
The immigration load of silicon is effectively reduced, further ternary lithium cell cathode material is formed with gallium niobium liquid metal, effectively pressed down
The volumetric expansion of silicon processed, and under equal conditions, more lithium ion can be embedded in, improve the energy density of battery and to electrolysis
The stability of liquid.
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, is made up of silicon source, black phosphorus and liquid metal；Due to
Silicon has theoretical specific capacity very high and relatively low insertion and removal lithium embedded current potential, and silicon is combined with black phosphorus, can effectively reduce
The immigration load of silicon, then it is compound with liquid metal, effectively suppress electrode material and volumetric expansion occurs in charge and discharge process, so as to carry
The stability of battery high.The content of each material is one of key factor of influence electrode performance in electrode material, and the battery is born
Pole material by following weight portion material composition：10 ~ 25 parts of silicon sources, 15 ~ 40 parts of black phosphorus and 3-5 parts of liquid metals.Further
, the cell negative electrode material by following weight portion material composition：17 ~ 20 parts of source silicon, 20 ~ 36 parts of black phosphorus and 4-4.5 parts of liquid
State metal.
According to the present invention, further, the silicon source can be the compound of elemental silicon or silicon, and such as silicon nanowires, silicon is received
Rice ball, Nano thin film, the compound of silicon and Graphene, the compound of silicon and CNT, the Si/C composites of doping Cu,
One or more composition in Si/TiN, Si/TiB2, Si-M-C.
According to the present invention, the liquid metal be gallium base alloy, preferably in gallium base alloy containing niobium, indium,
At least one in tin, magnesium metallic element, further, the gallium base alloy is gallium niobium alloy.
According to the present invention, the fusing point of metal alloy depends on the content proportioning of each element in alloy in the present invention, further
, the percentage by weight of gallium and niobium is respectively in the gallium niobium alloy：Gallium 70 ~ 95%, niobium 5 ~ 30%.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, including following
Step:
（1）Silicon source, black phosphorus, liquid metal are weighed by weight；
（2）240 ~ 260 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid metal is subsequently adding, 2 ~ 4h is incubated, metal is obtained molten
Liquid, is cooled to 80 ~ 120 DEG C, by silicon source addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains tri compound
Material.
Silicon has theoretical specific capacity very high and relatively low insertion and removal lithium embedded current potential, used as high-capacity lithium battery negative pole
Material has big advantage in electrokinetic cell field, but silicon and its composite in charge and discharge process is susceptible to volume
Expansion, it is main at present by synthesizing the expansion that silicon nano material and silicon composite etc. improve silicon, but effect is not obvious.Silicon is received
The embedding de- crystal structure that can destroy silicon of lithium ion, generates the compound of metastable lithium and silicon under rice material normal temperature, causes electricity
Pond cycle performance declines.And nano level silicon Volume Changes absolute value very little during removal lithium embedded, the structure of material can be slowed down
Destruction, but nano material is easily reunited, and the particle after reunion is possible to lose electrical contact and fail；Silicon composite is effectively
Prevent the active body that silicon electrode caused due to mechanical damage from inactivating, but, when silicone content increase to a certain extent when, graphite is not
Silicon can well be disperseed, part silicon there occurs reunion.Nano-grain is tiny, and specific surface area is big, so that organic electrolyte
The irreversible capacity loss that causes of irreversible reduction reaction it is very big, black phosphorus has the characteristic of mobility higher, black phosphorus two dimension
Monocrystalline lamella is made up of double-deck atom, and thickness is an atom, with natural band gap, can have preferable compatibility with silicon, leads to
Cross compound with silicon, reduce the immigration load of silicon, further form ternary lithium cell cathode material with the liquid metal such as gallium niobium, effectively
Ground suppresses the volumetric expansion of silicon, and under equal conditions, can be embedded in more lithium ion, improves the energy density of battery and right
The stability of electrolyte.
Silicon-black phosphorus-Liquid metal composite material of the invention is made negative pole, its chemical property is tested, and with it is existing
Lithium cell cathode material in technology is made comparisons（Documents 1 are the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN105185995 A；Contrast
File 2 is the Chinese patent of the A of Publication No. CN 104241621；Documents 3 are in the A of Publication No. CN 106099174
State's patent；Documents 4 are the Chinese patent of the A of Publication No. CN 105098140；Documents 5 are Publication No. CN
The Chinese patent of 104064776 A）, the present invention prepares electrode material, then exists respectively according to the method for above documents
The chemical property of electrode is tested under different current densities, experimental result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1：
| Specific capacitance（mAh/g) | Current density 0.1（A/g） | Current density 0.2（A/g） | Current density 0.5（A/g） | Current density 1（A/g） | Circulated 100 times under 0.1A/g | Circulated 500 times under 0.1A/g | Cell expansion rate |
| The present invention | 914 | 845 | 803 | 781 | 865 | 705 | 1.1 |
| Documents 1 | 732 | 689 | 564 | 529 | 624 | 541 | 18.2 |
| Documents 2 | 580 | 561 | 513 | 478 | 509 | 415 | 13.8 |
| Documents 3 | 489 | 451 | 406 | 351 | 419 | 347 | 8.6 |
| Documents 4 | 286 | 254 | 168 | 130 | 265 | 212 | 10.5 |
| Documents 5 | 421 | 380 | 361 | 307 | 361 | 308 | 4.9 |
The invention provides a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, compared with prior art, its protrusion
The characteristics of and excellent effect be：
1st, black phosphorus and silicon materials are combined, black phosphorus has the characteristic of mobility higher, compound with silicon, the migration for reducing silicon is born
Lotus.
2nd, silicon materials and liquid metal are combined, liquid metal can slow down the expansion that silicon occurs in charge and discharge process and show
As, effectively suppress the volumetric expansion of silicon, the energy density and the stability to electrolyte of battery are improved, so as to improve battery
Cycle life.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should not be interpreted as into the present invention
Scope be only limitted to following example.In the case where above method thought of the present invention is not departed from, according to ordinary skill
Various replacements or change that knowledge and customary means are made, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
（1）Nano-tube, black phosphorus, liquid gallium niobium metal are weighed by weight, standby, the nano-tube, black phosphorus, gallium niobium metal
Weight ratio be 1.7:2:0.5；
（2）240 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, gallium niobium metal is subsequently adding, 2h is incubated, metallic solution is obtained, dropped
Temperature, by elemental silicon addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature to 80 DEG C, obtains trielement composite material.
The trielement composite material that embodiment is obtained is used for cathode of lithium battery, and charge-discharge performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
（1）Silicon nanowires, black phosphorus, gallium indium liquid metal are weighed by weight, standby, the silicon nanowires, black phosphorus, gallium indium metal
Weight ratio be 2:3.6:0.3；
（2）260 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid gallium indium metal is subsequently adding, 2h is incubated, metal is obtained molten
Liquid, is cooled to 80 DEG C, by silicon nanowires addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains tri compound
Material.
The trielement composite material that embodiment is obtained is used for cathode of lithium battery, and charge-discharge performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
（1）Si/TiB is weighed by weight2, black phosphorus, liquid gallium tin metal, standby, the Si/TiB2, black phosphorus, gallium tin metal
Weight ratio is 1.7:3.6:0.35；
（2）250 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid gallium tin metal is subsequently adding, 4h is incubated, metal is obtained molten
Liquid, is cooled to 120 DEG C, by silicon nanosphere addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains ternary and answers
Condensation material.
The trielement composite material that embodiment is obtained is used for cathode of lithium battery, and charge-discharge performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 4
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
Nano thin film, black phosphorus, liquid gallium tin metal, standby, the Nano thin film, black phosphorus, liquid gallium are weighed by weight
The weight ratio of tin metal is 1:1.5:0.4；
（2）250 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid gallium tin metal is subsequently adding, 3h is incubated, metal is obtained molten
Liquid, is cooled to 110 DEG C, by Nano thin film addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains ternary
Composite.
The trielement composite material that embodiment is obtained is used for cathode of lithium battery, and charge-discharge performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 5
A kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, its preparation method is comprised the following steps：
（1）Compound, black phosphorus, the liquid gallium niobium metal of silicon and Graphene are weighed by weight, it is standby, the silicon and Graphene
Compound, black phosphorus, liquid gallium magnesium weight metal ratio are 2.5:4:0.45；The weight percent of gallium and niobium wherein in liquid gallium niobium metal
Than being respectively：Gallium 80%, niobium 20%.
（2）260 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid gallium magnesium metal is subsequently adding, 3h is incubated, metal is obtained
Solution, is cooled to 110 DEG C, by the compound addition metallic solution of silicon and Graphene, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room
Temperature, obtains trielement composite material.
The trielement composite material that embodiment is obtained is used for cathode of lithium battery, and charge-discharge performance is shown in Table 2.
Table 2：
| Embodiment | First reversible capacity/（mAh/g） | First coulombic efficiency/（%） | 500 circulation volume conservation rates/（%） | Cell expansion rate |
| Embodiment 1 | 803.21 | 94.2 | 94.7 | 1.1 |
| Embodiment 2 | 801.44 | 94.1 | 94.2 | 1.2 |
| Embodiment 3 | 802.14 | 93.8 | 94.1 | 1.4 |
| Embodiment 4 | 799.54 | 93.8 | 93.8 | 1.3 |
| Embodiment 5 | 798.32 | 93.5 | 93.9 | 1.0 |
From upper table 2 it will be seen that the present invention provide silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material have compared with
Reversible capacity and preferable cycle characteristics high, and the expansion rate of battery is very low.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material, it is characterized in that by silicon source, black phosphorus and liquid metal group
Into；The cell negative electrode material by following weight portion material composition：10 ~ 25 parts of silicon sources, 15 ~ 40 parts of black phosphorus and 3-5 parts of liquid
Metal；The silicon source is the compound of elemental silicon or silicon；The liquid metal is gallium base alloy.
2. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Cell negative electrode material by following weight portion material composition：17 ~ 20 parts of source silicon, 20 ~ 36 parts of black phosphorus and 4 ~ 4.5 parts of liquid metals.
3. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Silicon source is the compound of silicon nanowires, silicon nanosphere, Nano thin film, silicon and Graphene, the compound of silicon and CNT, mix
One or more composition in Si/C composites, Si/TiN, Si/TiB2, Si-M-C of miscellaneous Cu.
4. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Contain at least one in niobium, indium, tin, magnesium metallic element in gallium base alloy.
5. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Gallium base alloy is gallium niobium alloy.
6. a kind of silicon-black phosphorus-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described
The percentage by weight of gallium and niobium is respectively in gallium niobium alloy：Gallium 70 ~ 95%, niobium 5 ~ 30%.
7. a kind of preparation side of silicon-black phosphorus as described in claim any one of 1-6-liquid metal ternary lithium cell cathode material
Method, comprises the following steps:
（1）Silicon source, black phosphorus, liquid metal are weighed by weight；
（2）240 ~ 260 DEG C are warming up to during black phosphorus is added into reactor, liquid metal is subsequently adding, 2 ~ 4h is incubated, metal is obtained molten
Liquid, is cooled to 80 ~ 120 DEG C, by silicon source addition metallic solution, after being well mixed, naturally cools to room temperature, obtains tri compound
Material.
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| CN108448066A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method of adhesive-free, nearly room temperature gallium base fluid state metal-silicon composite negative pole without conductive additive |
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| CN110380017A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-25 | 星恒电源股份有限公司 | A kind of high capacity high rate lithium ionic cell cathode n-type silicon material |
| CN110380017B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2022-08-16 | 星恒电源股份有限公司 | N-type silicon material for high-capacity high-rate lithium ion battery cathode |
| CN110890546A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-17 | 国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | High-conductivity liquid metal-coated low-temperature-resistant energy storage material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112510179A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Battery negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113363464A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-07 | 广东工业大学 | Gallium-silicon-phosphorus composite negative electrode active material, lithium ion battery, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114039026A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-11 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | Cathode material for solid lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof |
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