CN106784721A - A kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex and its preparation method and application, belongs to technical field of nanometer material preparation.The nano complexes material microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.The present invention uses plasma-arc electric discharge, yttrium powder and coal dust are pressed into block as anode target material material by certain atomic percent, using graphite as cathode material, argon gas and hydrogen are quoted as working gas, certain distance is kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and anode target material yttrium coal powdered block, arc discharge is played between anode and negative electrode, YC is obtained final product2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex.When the nano-complex is as lithium ion battery negative, good cycle performance is presented, be a kind of very promising lithium ion battery negative material.Preparation process of the present invention is simple, low cost, be easily achieved industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of material, and in particular to a kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon is nano combined
Thing and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
As people are growing to the demand of the energy, the aggravation of fossil fuel reserves reductions and environmental pollution, open
The novel energy for sending out clean and effective turns into focus of concern.Lithium ion battery as a kind of energy storing device, with its ring
The features such as guarantor, light, high power capacity, long-life, is widely used in small portable device.Lithium ion battery plus-negative plate material is
Determine the central factor of its performance.Current commercialized negative material is mainly graphite material, and its theoretical specific capacity only has
372mAh/g, can not meet demand of the people to battery performance.Therefore, novel cathode material for lithium ion battery is researched and developed
It is significant.
Although transition metal carbides possess the advantages such as nontoxic, rich reserves, inexpensive and excellent catalytic performance, but
Because it has less specific capacity in theory, transition metal carbides are not used as the negative pole material of lithium ion battery for a long time
Material.2012, Su et al first reported core shell structure Fe@Fe3Discharge capacity of the C/C nano-complexes with stabilization~
500mAh/g, demonstrates its potentiality as lithium ion battery negative material.Although, Fe and Fe3C is for Li+Intercalation is almost without work
Property, but author points out Fe3C can promote the formation/decomposable process of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film reversible as catalyst,
So as to improve the chemical property of carbon based negative electrodes.(L.Su,Z.Zhou,P.Shen.Core-shell Fe@Fe3C/C
nanocomposites as anode materials for Li ion batteries.Electrochimica Acta 87
(2013)180-185).It is well known that hindering carbide as lithium ion battery negative material, also following two obstacles：(1)
Volumetric expansion/contraction during repetitive cycling；(2) low electric conductivity of carbide.Currently for grinding for two above problem
Study carefully, be broadly divided into three kinds of approach and solve：(1) nanosizing of material；(2) Composite of active material；(3) nano composite material.
Wherein the third approach is most widely used under study for action, wherein in the selection of base material, due to carbon material Stability Analysis of Structures, in charge and discharge
Volume Changes are relatively small in electric process, and electric conductivity and heat, chemical stability are good, with certain specific capacity, therefore receive
Extensive concern is arrived.Under normal circumstances, the carbon component in nano-complex has dual-use function：Promote carbon as conductive additive
The electron transport of compound and as elastic cord breaker strengthen electrode structure stability.
Lot of domestic and international scholar is devoted to the preparation method research of transition metal carbides/carbon composite, and brief introduction is such as
Under：
Chinese invention patent " carbon covered metal, the synthetic method of carbon covered metal carbide nanometer micro mist " (patent No.:
CN99120144.2 AC arc discharge method) is used, is put by plasma in vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace using carbon and metal
Electricity evaporates simultaneously, through chemical reaction generation carbon covered metal or metal carbides nano powder.
Chinese invention patent " comprising carbon composite of metal carbide particles being dispersed therein and preparation method thereof "
(the patent No.:200580012680.8) be related to carbon composite, the carbon composite comprising be dispersed in carbon, carbon fiber or carbon/
Metal carbide particles in carbon fiber substrate and without free metal particle, wherein metal carbide particles are at least particle table
Face or whole particle are metal carbides, by source metal (i.e. selected from metallic particles, metal oxide particle or composition metal oxygen
At least one in compound particle) and carbon source (i.e. thermosetting resin) synthesize in the original location.
A kind of Chinese invention patent " charcoal Base Metal nitride, the preparation method of carbide electrochemical capacitance material " (patent No.：
200710022253.9) raw material are obtained into hydrogel precursor by gel reaction, gained hydrogel is in nitriding gas or hydrogen
Through constant pressure and dry and carbonization under gas effect, charcoal base transition metal nitride, carbide electrochemical capacitance material is obtained.
A kind of Chinese invention patent " C/Fe3C lithium ion battery negative materials and preparation method thereof " (patent No.:
201010532415.5) to raw material using thermal polymerization in organic solvent, precursor is obtained, then under argon gas atmosphere protection,
It is heat-treated, is obtained C/Fe3C compounds, it is by amorphous carbon and Fe3C is constituted.
Chinese invention patent " preparation method of onion carbon carrying transition metal carbide nanometer compound " (patent No.:
201010600970.7) raw material are fitted into closed reactor in proportion, by heating response kettle, are aided in using initiator
Chemical vapour deposition technique single step reaction obtain the nano-complex of onion carbon carrying transition metal carbide.
A kind of Chinese invention patent " method for preparing metal carbides or carbon-clad metal carbide " (patent No.：
201210562395.5) metal salt powder is formed into metallic oxide precursor thing in high-temperature roasting, is made with liquid carbon compound
Metal carbides or carbon-clad metal carbon are prepared for liquid carbon source and metallic oxide precursor thing carry out reduction and carburizing reagent
Compound.
Chinese invention patent " Macro film being made up of Nano capsule and nanotube and fiber absorbing material and its preparation side
The method " (patent No.:Plasma arc discharge technology 201310065805.X) is utilized, is prepared for by Fe@C, Fe3C@C nano glue
Capsule and CNT are interweaved the Macro film for connecting and composing.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of cobalt tungsten bimetallic carbide of carbon coating, preparation method and applications " (patent No.：
201410723029.2) it is that can obtain carbon by the mixture of one-step calcination cobalt, two kinds of metallic compounds of tungsten and nitrogen-rich organic thing
The cobalt tungsten bimetallic carbide of cladding.
A kind of Chinese invention patent " tubulose core shell structure graphitie@Fe3Composite of C and preparation method thereof and should
With " (the patent No.：201410827354.3) with graphite worm, ferrocene, 30% hydrogen peroxide as raw material, by simple liquid phase side
Method is simultaneously sintered under inert gas shielding, has prepared graphite@Fe3C nano compound.
Since it is desired that high temperature, using poisonous and expensive chemical precursor, advanced equipment and dull flow, the above
Transition metal carbide/C compound preparation methods are generally difficult to industrialized.According to application demand, people generally wish to obtain
Obtain process is simple, the transition metal carbide/C nano compound of low cost.However, through retrieval, YC2@onion shapes carbon/amorphous
The method that carbon nano-composite material and a step prepare this kind of nano composite material has not been reported.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex and preparation method thereof, with
The good preparation process simultaneously of cycle performance is simple when the nano-complex that phase obtains is as lithium ion battery negative, low cost.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
The present invention prepares a kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, the nano-complex microstructure is
YC2@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule is embedded in amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.Wherein, YC2The particle diameter of@onion shape carbon Nano capsules
It is 2~15nm, kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
Present invention also offers above-mentioned YC2The preparation method of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, the material is
Using plasma arc discharge technology, original position prepares under working gas；Wherein：
It is negative electrode to use graphite electrode, and yttrium-coal powdered block is anode target material, negative electrode graphite electrode and anode target material yttrium-
The distance of 2~30mm is kept between coal powdered block；The voltage of arc discharge is 10~40V；Working gas is argon gas and hydrogen
Gas.
The anode target material is yttrium-coal powdered block, and yttrium powder and coal dust are pressed into block under pressure 1MPa~1GPa
As the anode target material material of plasma arc furnace, mass percent in the anode target material material shared by yttrium for 30~
50%.
The partial pressure of the argon working gas is 0.01~0.5MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen gas is 0.01~0.3MPa.
Present invention also offers YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is used as lithium ion battery negative material
Using.
The method of the application is：(1) according to mass ratio 7:2:1 ratio weighs YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon is received
Rice compound, acetylene black, segregation PVF, are put into grinding in crucible, are subsequently adding 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and continue grinding, make
In the pasty state, then uniformly be applied on Copper Foil for it by mixture, in 100 DEG C or so dry 12~20h, afterwards carries out this Copper Foil
Roll, be cut into the certain disk of diameter, be made electrode slice；(2) in the glove box full of argon gas, in conventional manner by electrode
Piece, barrier film, lithium piece and nickel foam are assembled into button battery.
Constant current charge-discharge loop test, the circulation of the button battery that measure is made are carried out with test method at room temperature
Stability.
Compared with the prior art, it is of the invention to have the prominent advantages that
1) present invention has prepared YC first2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex；
2) preparation process condition of the present invention is simple, and low cost, it is easy to control disposably generates product, is YC2@onion shapes
The practical application of carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex provides condition；
3) the prepared YC of the present invention2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is with YC2@onion shape carbon core shell structures
In Nano capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet, the structure is conducive to the diffusion of lithium ion, buffer volumes change and electrical conductivity
Improve, and YC2Nano-particle has the effect of catalytic modification SEI films so that the partial reduction products of SEI films are reversible, therefore
Be conducive to the chemical property of nano composite material, be particularly conducive to its cyclical stability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation YC of the present invention2The schematic device of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex；
Label in figure：1st, upper lid；2nd, negative electrode；3rd, valve；4th, anode target material；5th, observation window；6th, baffle plate；7th, copper anode；8th, press from both sides
Head；9th, graphite crucible；10th, DC pulse power supply；A, cooling water；B, argon gas；C, hydrogen.
Fig. 2 is YC prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12The X-ray diffraction of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex
(XRD) collection of illustrative plates；
According to JCPDS PDF cards, nano-complex principal phase can be retrieved for YC2Crystalline phase is constituted.Width at 2 20 ° of θ ≈
Peak is the characteristic peak of amorphous carbon, because onion shape carbon is in shell, so XRD cannot detect onion shape carbon phase.
Fig. 3 is YC prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12The transmission electron microscopy of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex
Mirror (TEM) image；
As can be seen from the figure YC2@onion shape carbon Nano capsules are distributed in amorphous carbon nanometer sheet, its Nano capsule
Particle diameter is 2~15nm.
Fig. 4 is the YC prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12The high-resolution transmission of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex
Electron microscope image；
As can be seen from the figure YC obtained by2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is YC2@onion shape carbon nanometre glues
In capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet, wherein, YC2@onion shape carbon Nano capsules kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape
Carbon.
Fig. 5 is the YC of preparation in the embodiment of the present invention 12@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is used as negative material
Circulation discharge curve；
As seen from the figure, charge and discharge cycles test is carried out with the electric current of 100mA/g, circulating the discharge capacity after 100 times is
551mAh/g。
Fig. 6 is the YC of preparation in the embodiment of the present invention 22@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is used as negative material
Circulation discharge curve；
As seen from the figure, charge and discharge cycles test is carried out with the electric current of 100mA/g, circulating the discharge capacity after 100 times is
536.2mAh/g。
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Lid 1 on device shown in Fig. 1 is opened, making negative electrode 2 with graphite is fixed on chuck 8, institute consumable anode target 4
Composition is pure yttrium powder and coal dust (mass ratio 50:50) block being pressed into, is placed on the copper anode 7 of logical cooling water, in logical cooling water
Copper anode and target between be graphite crucible 9.Kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and 4 anode target materials yttrium-coal powdered block
The distance of 30mm.Lid 1 on lid mounted device, leads to cooling water a, whole operating room is vacuumized by valve 3 after, is passed through argon gas b and hydrogen
Gas c, the partial pressure of argon gas is 0.5MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.3MPa, connects DC pulse power supply 10, and voltage is 40V.Arc light is put
Adjustment work electric current keeps relative stability with voltage in electric process.YC is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, should
Nano-complex microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet, wherein YC2@
The particle diameter of onion shape carbon Nano capsule is 2~15nm, and kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon, such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4 institute
Show.
According to mass ratio 7:2:1 ratio weighs YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, acetylene black, segregation
PVF, is put into grinding in crucible, is subsequently adding 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and continues grinding, makes mixture in the pasty state, then will
It is uniformly applied on Copper Foil, and 12h is dried at 100 DEG C or so, is afterwards rolled this Copper Foil, is cut into the certain circle of diameter
Piece, is made electrode slice；In the glove box full of argon gas, electrode slice, barrier film, lithium piece and nickel foam are assembled into conventional manner
Button battery.At room temperature, constant current charge-discharge loop test is carried out with 100mA/g, after being circulated at 100 times, its capacitance
It is 551mAh/g, this explanation of such as Fig. 5 YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is used as lithium ion battery negative material
With good cycle performance.
Embodiment 2
Lid 1 on device shown in Fig. 1 is opened, making negative electrode 2 with graphite is fixed on chuck 8, institute consumable anode target 4
Composition is pure yttrium powder and coal dust (mass ratio 30:70) block being pressed into, is placed on the copper anode 7 of logical cooling water, in logical cooling water
Copper anode and target between be graphite crucible 9.Kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and 4 anode target materials yttrium-coal powdered block
The distance of 20mm.Lid 1 on lid mounted device, leads to cooling water a, whole operating room is vacuumized by valve 3 after, is passed through argon gas b and hydrogen
Gas c, the partial pressure of argon gas is 0.5MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.3MPa, connects DC pulse power supply 10, and voltage is 10V.Arc light is put
Adjustment work electric current keeps relative stability with voltage in electric process.YC is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, should
Nano-complex microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.Wherein YC2@
The particle diameter of onion shape carbon Nano capsule is 2~15nm, and kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
According to mass ratio 7:2:1 ratio weighs YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, acetylene black, segregation
PVF, is put into grinding in crucible, is subsequently adding 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE and continues grinding, makes mixture in the pasty state, then will
It is uniformly applied on Copper Foil, and 20h is dried at 100 DEG C or so, is afterwards rolled this Copper Foil, is cut into the certain circle of diameter
Piece, is made electrode slice；In the glove box full of argon gas, electrode slice, barrier film, lithium piece and nickel foam are assembled into conventional manner
Button battery.At room temperature, constant current charge-discharge loop test is carried out with 100mA/g, after being circulated at 100 times, its capacitance
It is 536.2mAh/g, this explanation of such as Fig. 6 YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is used as lithium ion battery negative material
Material has good cycle performance.
Embodiment 3
Lid 1 on device shown in Fig. 1 is opened, making negative electrode 2 with graphite is fixed on chuck 8, institute consumable anode target 4
Composition is pure yttrium powder and coal dust (mass ratio 50:50) block being pressed into, is placed on the copper anode 7 of logical cooling water, in logical cooling water
Copper anode and target between be graphite crucible 9.Kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and 4 anode target materials yttrium-coal powdered block
The distance of 30mm.Lid 1 on lid mounted device, leads to cooling water a, whole operating room is vacuumized by valve 3 after, is passed through argon gas b and hydrogen
Gas c, the partial pressure of argon gas is 0.5MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.3MPa, connects DC pulse power supply 10, and voltage is 20V.Arc light is put
Adjustment work electric current keeps relative stability with voltage in electric process.YC is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, should
Nano-complex microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.Wherein YC2@
The particle diameter of onion shape carbon Nano capsule is 2~15nm, and kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
Embodiment 4
Lid 1 on device shown in Fig. 1 is opened, making negative electrode 2 with graphite is fixed on chuck 8, institute consumable anode target 4
Composition is pure yttrium powder and coal dust (mass ratio 40:60) block being pressed into, is placed on the copper anode 7 of logical cooling water, in logical cooling water
Copper anode and target between be graphite crucible 9.Kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and 4 anode target materials yttrium-coal powdered block
The distance of 20mm.Lid 1 on lid mounted device, leads to cooling water a, whole operating room is vacuumized by valve 3 after, is passed through argon gas b and hydrogen
Gas c, the partial pressure of argon gas is 0.2MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.2MPa, connects DC pulse power supply 10, and voltage is 30V.Arc light is put
Adjustment work electric current keeps relative stability with voltage in electric process.YC is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, should
Nano-complex microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.Wherein YC2@
The particle diameter of onion shape carbon Nano capsule is 2~15nm, and kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
Embodiment 5
Lid 1 on device shown in Fig. 1 is opened, making negative electrode 2 with graphite is fixed on chuck 8, institute consumable anode target 4
Composition is pure yttrium powder and coal dust (mass ratio 45:55) block being pressed into, is placed on the copper anode 7 of logical cooling water, in logical cooling water
Copper anode and target between be graphite crucible 9.Kept between negative electrode graphite electrode and 4 anode target materials yttrium-coal powdered block
The distance of 10mm.Lid 1 on lid mounted device, leads to cooling water a, whole operating room is vacuumized by valve 3 after, is passed through argon gas b and hydrogen
Gas c, the partial pressure of argon gas is 0.01MPa, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is 0.01MPa, connects DC pulse power supply 10, and voltage is 40V.Arc light
Adjustment work electric current keeps relative stability with voltage in discharge process.YC is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex,
The nano-complex microstructure is YC2In@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule insertion amorphous carbon nanometer sheet.Its YC2@
The particle diameter of onion shape carbon Nano capsule is 2~15nm, and kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of YC2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, it is characterised in that the nano-complex microstructure is
YC2@onion shape carbon nuclear shell structure nanos capsule is embedded in amorphous carbon nanometer sheet；Wherein：YC2The particle diameter of@onion shape carbon Nano capsules
It is 2~15nm, kernel is YC2Nano particle, shell is onion shape carbon.
2. YC as claimed in claim 12The preparation method of@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex, it is characterised in that：The material
Material is that original position prepares under working gas using plasma arc discharge technology；Wherein：
It is negative electrode to use graphite electrode, and yttrium-coal powdered block is anode target material, negative electrode graphite electrode and anode target material yttrium-coal dust
The distance of 2~30mm is kept between last block；The voltage of arc discharge is 10~40V；Working gas is argon gas and hydrogen gas；
Mass percent in the anode material shared by yttrium is 30~50%；The partial pressure of the argon gas is 0.01~0.5MPa, hydrogen
The partial pressure of gas is 0.01~0.3MPa.
3. the YC that such as claim 2 preparation method is obtained2@onions shape carbon/amorphous carbon nano-complex is negative as lithium ion battery
The application of pole material.
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