A kind of ceramic coating membrane as lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, be related to a kind of ceramic coating membrane as lithium ion battery and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Barrier film as lithium ion battery pith, play insulation, intercept both positive and negative polarity prevent short circuit effect, meanwhile,
It is required that barrier film has good absorbent, absorption electrolyte, transmission lithium ion.But lithium ion battery is in use not
Crack between the teeth occurring of avoiding overcharge, high temperature, the extreme case such as short circuit, the appearance of these situations may destroy barrier film, from
And irreversible machinery and fire damage are caused to battery, ultimately result in the generation of safety problem.General conventional barrier film is mainly
Polypropylene diaphragm, polyethylene diagrams or polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene composite materials barrier film.Although polyalkene diaphragm has certain
Mechanical strength and thermal stability, and at high temperature can closed pore prevent the ability of battery short circuit, but its mechanical strength and heat
Performance does not reach required ideal value still.In long-term circulation, battery can produce Li dendrite and pierce through barrier film, cause positive and negative
Extremely short road, or cause the serious short circuit for producing of diaphragm retracts because the temperature anomaly during use is high, finally can all lead
Send a telegraph the safety problem of core.In addition, the surface of common polyalkene diaphragm can be relatively low, its molecule segment is nonpolar, thus with pole
Property electrolyte cannot preferably interact, therefore barrier film is poor to the wellability of electrolyte, and battery core impedance increases, cycle performance
Decline.
At present, to concentrate on ceramic coated substantially to the research of barrier film technical.Ceramic coated is a kind of effective method, nothing
Organic coating has preferable mechanical structure, and the heat of barrier film is reduced when can to a certain extent lift the mechanical strength of barrier film, be heated
Shrink.The absorbency of barrier film is also increased simultaneously, and prevents barrier film from aoxidizing under high voltages.General ceramic powder particle
It is larger, when coating cannot full and uniform covering membrane surface, and rotogravure application precision is typically small.Electrostatic spraying method
Simply, coating uniformity and thickness can preferably be controlled.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of ceramic coating membrane as lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof,
There is provided a kind of pick up, heat endurance and the preferable ceramic coating membrane of mechanical strength simultaneously.Another object of the present invention is
In order to provide application of the above-mentioned barrier film in lithium ion battery.
The present invention is used as lithium ion battery ceramic coating membrane, including conventional lithium ion battery barrier film, and is attached to
Composite ceramic layer (the coating layer thickness on lithium ion battery separator surface:1~5 μm) prepare comprise the following steps that:
Step (1):Ceramic powders, NaOH, deionized water are configured to mixed solution and are stirred, stirring is equal
Even solution is fitted into hydrothermal reaction kettle, after reaction terminates, cools down, solution is filtered and is washed with deionized, and is processed
Ceramic powders afterwards, and dry stand-by;
Step (2):Ceramic powders after step (1) treatment, binding agent and solvent are mixed in proportion, wherein after treatment
Ceramic powders are 3~5 with the mass ratio of binding agent:1, solvent is 4 with the mass ratio of solute:1, it is placed in mechanical agitation under normal temperature
6~10 hours, obtain uniform ceramic coated mixed liquor;
Step (3):A certain amount of ceramic coated mixed liquor is drawn with syringe, is fitted into electrostatic atomizer, by external electricity
Syringe needle is clamped in source, and then lithium ion battery separator tiling is fixed on the metallic plate of ground connection, and adjustment operating voltage is
20KV, reception distance are 10cm, flow rate is 0.1ml/min, obtain the composite diaphragm of ceramic coated;By answering that electrostatic spray is obtained
Close barrier film in baking oven at 65~70 DEG C dry 3~4 hours, thoroughly to remove residual solvent, make binding agent, ceramic powders with every
Film combination firmly, obtains lithium ion battery Ceramic Composite barrier film.
Preferably, in the step (1), ceramic powders, NaOH, the mass ratio of deionized water are 1:1:16;Hydro-thermal
Reaction temperature is 130 DEG C, and the reaction time is 30 minutes;Drying temperature is 90 DEG C.
Preferably, described binding agent is in Kynoar, polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylic acid formicester
One or more.
Preferably, described ceramic powders are A12O3、TiO2、MgO、SiO2In one kind.Described lithium ion battery every
Film is polyethylene film, polypropylene screen, polyester film, polyimide film or PA membrane.Described solvent is N ' N dimethyl pyrroles
One or more in alkanone, N ' N-dimethylformamides, acetone, deionized water.
Ceramic coating membrane prepared by methods described, it is characterised in that including lithium ion battery separator, and be attached to lithium
The composite ceramic layer of ion battery membrane surface.The coating layer thickness of described composite ceramic layer is 1~5 μm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The hydro-thermal process of sodium hydroxide solution, can moderately change the bond conjunction state between ceramic lattice and (OH), in pottery
More (OH) keys of porcelain adsorption.In electrostatic spraying processes preparation process, ceramic size is sprayed with drops, can be preferably
Contacted with membrane surface.Pick up simultaneously higher can ensure the quick conduction of lithium ion, reduce the potential difference at barrier film two ends,
Realize the discharge and recharge under big multiplying power.Inorganic ceramic heat endurance and electrochemical stability are strong, can improve the heat resistance of barrier film
And mechanical strength.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is membrane surface feature image before and after coating;
Fig. 2 is the electrical schematic diagram of difference embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be below described in detail, due in barrier film preparation process of the present invention
It is related to variable more, wherein several embodiments is only listed herein for reference.Wherein embodiment 1~3 is different tests reality
Example, embodiment 4 is barrier film quantitative measurement, and embodiment 5 is that the barrier film prepared by embodiment 1~3 is assembled into button cell,
And the discharge and recharge under 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C and 5C different multiplying, test the performance of its capacity.
Embodiment 1:
Step (1):By alumina ceramic powder, NaOH, deionized water with 1:1:16 are configured to mixed solution and stir
Mix uniform.The solution for stirring is fitted into hydrothermal reaction kettle, is reacted 30 minutes at 130 DEG C.After reaction terminates, cools down,
Solution is filtered and is washed with deionized, the ceramic powders after being processed, and dried at 90 DEG C stand-by.
Step (2):By alumina ceramic powder, Kynoar binding agent and N ' N dimethyls pyrrolidinone solvent press than
Example mixing (ceramics and binding agent mass ratio 3:1, solid compares 1 with solvent quality:4) mechanical agitation 6~10 is small under, being placed in normal temperature
When, obtain uniform ceramic coated mixed liquor;
Step (3):A certain amount of ceramic coated mixed liquor is drawn with syringe, is fitted into electrostatic atomizer, by external electricity
Syringe needle is clamped in source, and then lithium ion battery separator tiling is fixed on the metallic plate of ground connection.Adjusting operating voltage is
20KV, reception distance are 10cm, flow rate is 0.1ml/min, obtain the composite diaphragm of ceramic coated.By answering that electrostatic spray is obtained
Close barrier film in baking oven at 65~70 DEG C dry 3~4 hours, thoroughly to remove residual solvent, make binding agent, ceramic powders with every
Film combination firmly, obtains lithium ion battery Ceramic Composite barrier film.
Embodiment 2:
Step (1):By alumina ceramic powder, NaOH, deionized water with 1:1:16 are configured to mixed solution and stir
Mix uniform.The solution for stirring is fitted into hydrothermal reaction kettle, is reacted 30 minutes at 130 DEG C.After reaction terminates, cools down,
Solution is filtered and is washed with deionized, the ceramic powders after being processed, and dried at 90 DEG C stand-by.
Step (2):By alumina ceramic powder, Kynoar binding agent and N ' N dimethyls pyrrolidinone solvent press than
Example mixing (ceramics and binding agent mass ratio 4:1, solid compares 1 with solvent quality:4) mechanical agitation 6~10 is small under, being placed in normal temperature
When, obtain uniform ceramic coated mixed liquor;
Step (3):A certain amount of ceramic coated mixed liquor is drawn with syringe, is fitted into electrostatic atomizer, by external electricity
Syringe needle is clamped in source, and then lithium ion battery separator tiling is fixed on the metallic plate of ground connection.Adjusting operating voltage is
20KV, reception distance are 10cm, flow rate is 0.1ml/min, obtain the composite diaphragm of ceramic coated.By answering that electrostatic spray is obtained
Close barrier film in baking oven at 65~70 DEG C dry 3~4 hours, thoroughly to remove residual solvent, make binding agent, ceramic powders with every
Film combination firmly, obtains lithium ion battery Ceramic Composite barrier film.
Embodiment 3:
Step (1):By alumina ceramic powder, NaOH, deionized water with 1:1:16 are configured to mixed solution and stir
Mix uniform.The solution for stirring is fitted into hydrothermal reaction kettle, is reacted 30 minutes at 130 DEG C.After reaction terminates, cools down,
Solution is filtered and is washed with deionized, the ceramic powders after being processed, and dried at 90 DEG C stand-by.
Step (2):By alumina ceramic powder, Kynoar binding agent and N ' N dimethyls pyrrolidinone solvent press than
Example mixing (ceramics and binding agent mass ratio 5:1, solid compares 1 with solvent quality:4) mechanical agitation 6~10 is small under, being placed in normal temperature
When, obtain uniform ceramic coated mixed liquor;
Step (3):A certain amount of ceramic coated mixed liquor is drawn with syringe, is fitted into electrostatic atomizer, by external electricity
Syringe needle is clamped in source, and then lithium ion battery separator tiling is fixed on the metallic plate of ground connection.Adjusting operating voltage is
20KV, reception distance are 10cm, flow rate is 0.1ml/min, obtain the composite diaphragm of ceramic coated.By answering that electrostatic spray is obtained
Close barrier film in baking oven at 65~70 DEG C dry 3~4 hours, thoroughly to remove residual solvent, make binding agent, ceramic powders with every
Film combination firmly, obtains lithium ion battery Ceramic Composite barrier film.
Embodiment 4:Barrier film quantitative measurement
A. the pick up test of composite ceramics coating barrier film.To be taken after 2h in barrier film immersion commercial electrolyte liquid before and after coating
Go out, remove the unabsorbed electrolyte of excess surface, weigh, test its pick up.
Wherein d2It is the quality, d of being weighed after imbibition1It is quality of being weighed before imbibition
B. composite ceramics coats the mechanical strength test of barrier film.Barrier film before and after coating is cut into a certain size, in omnipotent drawing
Its tensile strength and puncture strength are tested on force tester.
C. composite ceramics coats the thermal contraction performance of barrier film.Barrier film before and after coating, smooth is put into 130 DEG C of baking ovens.
Taken out after 1h, measure its thermal contraction.
Wherein l1It is the length before baking, l2It is the length after baking.
D. barrier film permeability test.Ceramic coating membrane is placed in air penetrability tester, test 100ml gases pass through institute
The time of needs.
Example 5:Composite ceramics coats the electric performance test of barrier film
Barrier film, positive plate, negative plate obtained in embodiment 1~3 are punched into the disk of 10mm, it is auxiliary by negative pole of lithium piece
Electrode is helped, button cell is made with anode cover, anode pole piece, target barrier film, cathode pole piece, lithium piece, the order of negative electrode casing successively.
Button cell is carried out into charge and discharge cycles test between 2.5~3.65V.
Comparison example:
A., polypropylene diaphragm without ceramic coating is carried out the test of physical property
B., polypropylene diaphragm, positive plate, negative plate are punched into the disk of 10mm, are negative pole auxiliary electrode with lithium piece, with
Anode cover, anode pole piece, target barrier film, cathode pole piece, lithium piece, the order of negative electrode casing are made button cell successively.By button electricity
Pond carries out charge and discharge cycles test between 2.5~3.65V.
It is attached:Table 1 is barrier film physical properties results, and Fig. 1 is membrane surface feature image before and after coating;Fig. 2 for the present invention not
With the electrical schematic diagram of embodiment.
The barrier film physical property of table 1