CN106780733A - A kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map - Google Patents
A kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map Download PDFInfo
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- CN106780733A CN106780733A CN201611233113.1A CN201611233113A CN106780733A CN 106780733 A CN106780733 A CN 106780733A CN 201611233113 A CN201611233113 A CN 201611233113A CN 106780733 A CN106780733 A CN 106780733A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/05—Geographic models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
- G06T15/005—General purpose rendering architectures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map, belong to topographic map renders effect of visualization enhancing technical field, and laser radar data is obtained according to landform；Laser radar data is filtered, is classified, obtain dem data；Treatment is modeled to dem data；The gradient of landform is calculated according to dem data, slope map is generated, is arranged to Gold production, export Gold production slope map；The ground aperture figure and beneath aperture figure of landform are calculated according to dem data, computing reversally descends the value of aperture figure and ground aperture figure to be fused into ridge mountain valley degree figure；Use DEM contour picture Overlapping displays into contour map；By Gold production slope map, ridge mountain valley degree figure, contour map fusion generation gold relief map；Gold relief map measure calculating, 360 ° browse, amplify and check topographic details and output D digital topography figure, be mainly used in three dimensional topographic data and show strengthening topographic details.
Description
Technical field
Effect of visualization enhancing technical field is rendered the invention belongs to terrain map of survey and drawing, more particularly to one kind is based on human eye
The method that visual characteristic showed and produced topographic map.
Background technology
Terrain rendering is the process for generating image by computer program according to three-dimensional terrain model.To be rendered dimensionally
Shape model can be comprising such as digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM) or digital terrain model (DTM)
The grid of altitude data.
Digital elevation model is to realize simulating landform Surface Digitizing by limited terrain elevation data（That is landform table
The digital expression of face form）It is a kind of actual ground model that ground elevation is represented with one group of orderly array of values form,
It is a branch of digital terrain model (DTM), thus other various topographic index can derive from.DTM is that description includes height
Journey is in interior various geomorphologic factors, the space that such as gradient, slope aspect, the change of slope factor are combined in interior linear processes
Distribution, wherein DEM is the simple individual event digital land value model model of zeroth order, and other such as gradient, slope aspect and change of slope landforms are special
Property can derive from the basis of DEM.
What the past, field used is generally the topographic map that represents of contour, and this is a kind of topographic map for not passing through and rendering, contour
Line is marked with height value, and representation is succinctly accurate.But the limitation of hypsographic map is also apparent from.Hypsographic map
Upper mountain valley and ridge are difficult to differentiate, the contour line similarly indigestion of tiny bending；Massif incline direction cannot embody；Shallow
The precipitous slope of pit-hole can not show on plane drawing very well.
In addition, 1:In 25000 topographic maps, vertical interval is 10m, and contour wire frame is 0.15mm, the gradient
It is bigger closer to 90 °, contour interval is smaller.Contour is spaced close to 10mm when the gradient is 2 ° or so, works as inclination angle
When degree reaches 80 °, the interval between contour is already less than 0.1mm.It has been difficult contour to make a distinction on naked eyes.
Layer colours topographic map is most common one kind in topographic map, and layer colours topographic map is in hypsographic map
On the basis of draw, it can intuitively teach that relief situation.On the map for being painted with contour and isobath, press
According to different height and depth, the colors such as the different brown of the depth, yellow, green, blueness, with it is distinct represent ground and
The form of submarine relief.The third dimension of layer colours topographic map is strong, and it can represent height above sea level, and relative altitude can be represented again, so
It can represent physical features, and various terrain types can be to a certain extent represented again.Shades of colour is represented on layer colours topographic map
Altitude range, contour hypsometric tint scale appended on figure need to be checked.The elevation of smaller spacing is distinguished, it is necessary to increase color
Quantity, but increase color number be limited.And the method shows equally to the details of large-scale topographic map
It is unobvious.
Shading map is also a kind of form of DEM surface configurations expression, by the elevation angle and azimuth more shape that set light source
As or more meet the mode of human vision and show the landform in area.By shading map, reaction landform ground is can be very good
The change of gesture, there is good third dimension.
Nowadays, with the development of numerical map treatment technology, using digital elevation model（DEM）Data as information source,
With ground illumination flux as foundation, the gray value that corresponding grid is exported is calculated, by gray scale（Light levels）Change, have
Stereoeffect quite true to nature.
But, in large-scale topographic map, shading map is visually also not obvious enough in the details of landform, often
Cause the judgement of mistake.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned problem, human-eye visual characteristic is based on the invention provides one kind
Display and the method for production topographic map, are applied in three dimensional topographic data show strengthening topographic details.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map, is comprised the following steps：
Step S1：Laser radar data is obtained according to landform；
Step S2：Laser radar data is filtered, is classified, be converted to dem data；
Step S3：Treatment is modeled to dem data；
Step S4：The gradient of landform is calculated according to dem data, slope map is generated；
Step S5：Gold production is arranged to slope map color matching, Gold production slope map is exported；
Step S6：The ground aperture figure and beneath aperture figure of landform are calculated according to dem data, then aperture figure is reversally descended in computing
Value is fused into ridge mountain valley degree figure with ground aperture figure；
Step S7：Use DEM contour picture Overlapping displays into contour map；
Step S8：By Gold production slope map, ridge mountain valley degree figure, contour map fusion generation gold relief map；
Step S9：By gold relief map measure calculating, 360 ° browse, amplify check topographic details and output numeral three
Dimension topographic map.
Preferably：Height accuracy up to the airborne laser radar data of more than 10cm is obtained in the step S1.
Preferably：The step S3 carries out TIN modeling to dem data.
Preferably：The step S4 calculates the value of slope of landform each position according to dem data, is layered from 0 ° to 90 °
If color is shown, value of slope color depth high, value of slope is low of light color.
Preferably：In the step S6, the ground aperture of landform ground aperture figure is calculated upper for sky and geomorphological profile
The angle of portion's tangent line, is shown using binaryzation；The underground aperture of landform underground aperture figure is that aspect is cut under underground and geomorphological profile
The angle of line, is shown using binaryzation；Reversally descend the binaryzation display direction of aperture figure, the number of degrees of ridge mountain valley degree figure=
（Ground aperture-underground aperture)/2.
Preferably：In the step S7 use dem data, set contour interval 20m, generate contour map, by generate etc.
Line chart high is added to the relief map of generation, sets contour display height value.
Preferably：It is to amplify, reduce and be rotated by 360 ° to browse three-dimensional in browse view that 360 ° browse in the step S9
Terrain data.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) enhancing three-dimensional land map details show, due to the high-precision dem data of use and landform based on human-eye visual characteristic
Rendering, not only can browse terrain data with 360 ° of visual angles on software, can also export field high-precision three-dimensional topographic map.
(2) three-dimensional measurement is various accurate, there is provided accurate three-dimensional measurement instrument, can directly be surveyed on three-dimensional land map
Amount, can be used survey tool directly to measure the vertical height between 2 points, horizontal range and air line distance.
(3) D digital topography angle of field is self-defined, and the landform three-dimensional data is carried out using three-dimensional visualization module can
Depending on change treatment, can generate rendered just penetrate three-dimensional land map, it is also possible to select it is arbitrarily angled output 3-dimensional digital topographic map.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of method workflow diagram for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of method three-dimensional land map making side for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map of the present invention
Method structural framing figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific example, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map, is comprised the following steps：
The present invention three-dimensional land map make and display methods shortcoming existing in itself, first, by height accuracy up to 10cm with
On airborne laser radar data be filtered, classify, obtain dem data import software；Secondly, by dem data using not
Regular triangular net is modeled and then display；Again, calculate the terrain slope using dem data and generate slope map；According to human eye
Visual characteristic selects gold scheme of colour to be configured to slope map in colour gamut CIE color systems, generates Gold production slope map；
Using dem data, contour interval 20m is set, contour map is generated；According to dem data calculate the landform ground aperture figure and
Underground aperture figure, then computing is reversally descended the value of aperture figure, it is fused into ridge mountain valley degree figure；Finally, by gold slope map, mountain
Ridge mountain valley degree figure, contour map carry out fusion generation gold solid landform.
The contour line drawing figure for generating a determining deviation using dem data is overlapped display；The gold solid landform for obtaining
Figure can measure calculating, 360 ° browse, amplify check topographic details and output digital topography map.Using side of the present invention
Method carries out the drawing and display of three-dimensional land map, improves the details expression effect of current three-dimensional land map, and method of work has more
Scientific, reasonability and operability, are that the three-dimensional drawing field based on GIS-Geographic Information System, three-dimensional land map render field and carry
A kind of usability methods are supplied.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, DEM, i.e. digital elevation model（Digital Elevation Model), vehicle economy M is
Realize simulating landform Surface Digitizing by limited terrain elevation data（That is the digital expression of topographical surface form）It
It is a kind of actual ground model that ground elevation is represented with one group of orderly array of values form, is digital terrain model (Digital
Terrain Model, abbreviation DTM) a branch, thus other various topographic index can derive from.
TIN also name " curved surface data structure ", region division is equal by the limited point set according to region
Triangle torus network, digital elevation is made up of continuous triangular facet, and the shapes and sizes of triangular facet depend on the survey being randomly distributed
The density of point and position.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step S1：Laser radar data is obtained according to landform；
Step S2：Laser radar data is filtered, is classified, be converted to dem data；
Step S3：Treatment is modeled to dem data；
Step S4：The gradient of landform is calculated according to dem data, slope map is generated；
Step S5：Gold production is arranged to slope map color matching, Gold production slope map is exported；
Step S6：The ground aperture figure and beneath aperture figure of landform are calculated according to dem data, then aperture figure is reversally descended in computing
Value is fused into ridge mountain valley degree figure with ground aperture figure；
Step S7：Use DEM contour picture Overlapping displays into contour map；
Step S8：By Gold production slope map, ridge mountain valley degree figure, contour map fusion generation gold relief map；
Step S9：By gold relief map measure calculating, 360 ° browse, amplify check topographic details and output numeral three
Dimension topographic map.
2. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：Height accuracy up to the airborne laser radar data of more than 10cm is obtained in the step S1.
3. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：The step S3 carries out TIN modeling to dem data.
4. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：The step S4 calculates the value of slope of landform each position according to dem data, carries out layer colours from 0 ° to 90 ° and is shown
Show, value of slope color depth high, value of slope is low of light color.
5. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：In the step S6, the ground aperture for calculating landform ground aperture figure is the angle of the top tangent line of sky and geomorphological profile,
Shown using binaryzation；The underground aperture of landform underground aperture figure is the angle of aspect tangent line under underground and geomorphological profile, is used
Binaryzation shows；Reversally descend the binaryzation display direction of aperture figure, the number of degrees of ridge mountain valley degree figure=（Open ground aperture-underground
Degree)/2.
6. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：Dem data is used in the step S7, contour interval 20m is set, generate contour map, the contour map of generation is added to
The relief map of generation, sets contour display height value.
7. a kind of method for being shown based on human-eye visual characteristic and producing topographic map according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：It is to amplify, reduce and be rotated by 360 ° to browse three dimensional topographic data in browse view that 360 ° browse in the step S9.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109118939A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-01-01 | 薛富盛 | Dimensional topography map and preparation method thereof |
| CN110955742A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for analyzing arrangement area of rainwater inlet of booster station terrace based on DEM |
| CN111433820A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-07-17 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Image generating device for highly coloring ground object and image generating program for highly coloring ground object |
| CN111465971A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-07-28 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Device for generating image for highly coloring ground object foundation and program for generating image for highly coloring ground object foundation |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109118939A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-01-01 | 薛富盛 | Dimensional topography map and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111433820A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-07-17 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Image generating device for highly coloring ground object and image generating program for highly coloring ground object |
| CN111465971A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-07-28 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Device for generating image for highly coloring ground object foundation and program for generating image for highly coloring ground object foundation |
| CN111465971B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Device and method for generating image for highly coloring ground object foundation |
| CN111433820B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-12-05 | 亚洲航测株式会社 | Device for generating highly colored image by ground object and computer readable medium |
| CN110955742A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for analyzing arrangement area of rainwater inlet of booster station terrace based on DEM |
| CN110955742B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2023-07-25 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | DEM-based booster station yard apron inlet for stom water setting area analysis method |
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