CN106777606A - A kind of gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the failure predication diagnostic method the invention provides gearbox of wind turbine of the one kind based on core principle component analysis (KPCA) and SVMs, before and after when having taken into full account that gearbox fault occurs, each component temperature change and failure occur on the basis of the index such as power output change, input dimension is reduced with KPCA algorithms carries out feature extraction, give up incoherent data, model training speed can be greatly improved, failure diagnosis time is reduced.Introducing supporting vector function simultaneously carries out classification based training raising generalization ability to data, and result is analyzed and explained by expert system, accurate and full and accurate information can be provided for human-computer interaction interface, it is achieved thereby that to the Precise Diagnosis of failure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fault diagnosis algorithm field, specifically, it is related specifically to a kind of based on KPCA and supporting vector
The gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm of machine.
Background technology
In the past few years, country attaches great importance to generation of electricity by new energy.Wind-powered electricity generation is with a kind of generation of electricity by new energy skill of clean environment firendly the most
Art and by extensive concern.The fast development of wind-powered electricity generation also brings unprecedented problem-fault diagnosis to wind-powered electricity generation equipment manufacturing.
And the drive gearbox in mechanical system is one of fault rate highest equipment in Wind turbines, its running status will be straight
Connect the running status and power output of influence Wind turbines, it is therefore necessary to which the fault diagnosis to gearbox of wind turbine carries out depth
Enter research.
At present, the method for diagnosing faults of proposition mainly includes two classes.One is the vibration according to gear-box under operation
Signal to the fault type grasped carries out pattern-recognition;Two is that possible generation is predicted by its dependent variable in gear-box
Failure, and diagnosis is made to failure by neutral net.But for the high dimensional data of multivariable, neutral net easily falls into
Enter local minimum problem, it may appear that cross adaptation.SVMs (SVM) then to the high dimensional data processing speed of multivariable compared with
Slowly, operation time is more long, causes diagnosis to slow.It is therefore desirable to propose that one kind can improve training sample generalization ability
By force, while taking into account the new method of diagnosis speed and diagnostic accuracy.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of gearbox of wind turbine failure predication is examined
Disconnected algorithm, power output change before and after each component temperature change and failure occur when having taken into full account that gearbox fault occurs
On the basis of etc. index, input dimension is reduced with KPCA algorithms carries out feature extraction, gives up incoherent data, can be significantly
Model training speed is improved, failure diagnosis time is reduced.Carried while introducing supporting vector function and carrying out classification based training to data
Generalization ability high, and result is analyzed and is explained by expert system, can for human-computer interaction interface provide it is accurate and
And full and accurate information, it is achieved thereby that to the Precise Diagnosis of failure.
Technical problem solved by the invention can be realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm, comprises the following steps:
1) temperature, wind that operating gear-box oil temperature, cabin temperature, gear-box drive front end and non-driven front end are obtained
Speed, the history samples time data of blower fan power output;
2) history samples time data is pre-processed, including removal data exception point and data normalization;
3) dimensionality reduction is carried out to pretreated history samples time data using KPCA algorithms, the feature input that will be extracted
As the training sample set and test sample collection of model;
4) training sample is modeled using SVMs;
5) parameter of SVMs is optimized using cross-validation method, obtains optimal forecast model, circulation changes
For training pattern;
6) result of prediction is sent in expert system to be analyzed explanation and draw a conclusion and is presented on human-computer interaction interface
On.
The step 3) including following flow:
3.1) raw sample data of the n index that will be obtained constitutes the matrix of one (m × n) dimension, and wherein m is each
The sample number of index.
3.2) nuclear matrix is calculated, the parameter in Gauss radial direction kernel function is first selected, nuclear matrix K is calculated;
3.3) nuclear matrix is corrected, by nuclear matrix centralization;
3.4) eigenvalue λ of nuclear matrix is calculated with the method for Jacobi iteration1..., λn, corresponding characteristic vector is
V1..., Vn;
3.5) by Eigenvector normalization, characteristic value is sorted to obtain λ ' in descending order1> ... > λ 'n, and adjust characteristic vector and enter
Capable V '1..., V 'n, unit orthogonalized eigenvectors obtain a1..., an;
3.6) the accumulation contribution rate B of characteristic value is calculated1..., Bn, according to extraction efficiency P set in advance, work as Bt>=P, then
T principal component a before extracting1..., at;
3.7) corresponding larger characteristic value and characteristic vector are selected, sample matrix is then calculated in higher dimensional space at these
Projection in characteristic vector, the projection of gained is exactly sample data the data obtained after core principle component KPCA dimensionality reductions.
The step 4) including following flow:
4.1) supporting vector machine model for setting up training sample is represented by:
Wherein, ω is model parameter i.e. weight vectors,It is that nonlinear characteristic from the input space to higher dimensional space is reflected
Penetrate, b is residual error.
4.2) Lagrange multiplier λ is introducediAfterwards, the forecast model based on SVM is changed into:
Wherein, kernel function K () uses gaussian radial basis function form:
K (x, xi)=exp (- | | x-xi||2/σ2)
Wherein, xi (i=1,2,3 ..., N) is input training sample, and σ is kernel functional parameter.
The step 5) also include:
5.1) feature input set is divided into K each group, as K subset;
5.2) each subset data is made into one-time authentication collection respectively, remaining K-1 groups subset can so be obtained as training set
To K model;
5.3) average of the classification accuracy collected with the final checking of K model as the support under cross-validation method to
The performance indications of amount machine.
The step 6) it is further comprising the steps of:
6.1) will predict the outcome and be sent to fault message storehouse and preserve and export to inference machine;
6.2) output of the inference machine to fault message storehouse makes inferences analysis, and the rule in knowledge base is matched repeatedly, so that
Obtain corresponding failure cause;
6.3) failure cause is sent in interpreter, route and conclusion by inference are given to be explained and present accordingly
On human-computer interaction interface, user is set to can be clearly seen that reasoning process.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention takes full advantage of extractabilities of the KPCA to nonlinear characteristic vector, gives up uncorrelated data, not only subtracts
Lacked the parameter of SVMs needs prediction, and be effectively improved the training time, optimize forecast model speed and
Precision.Additionally, SVMs can process the problem of nonlinear regression, with globally optimal solution, neutral net is solved
Local minimum problem and excessively adaptation, can well improve the generalization ability and precision of prediction of model.By means of simultaneously specially
Family's system so that predict the outcome and be obtained for reasoning and explanation, solve the troubleshooting issue of Wind turbines gear mechanism, be wind
The safe and reliable operation of group of motors is provided and ensured, such that it is able to optimize dispatching of power netwoks, realizes the safe and stable and economy of power network
Operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnostic model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is expert system module structure chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect for making present invention realization are easy to understand, with reference to
Specific embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
Fig. 1 is fault diagnosis model flow chart of the invention.Operating historical data is obtained first, and then data are entered
Row pretreatment, secondly carries out feature extraction to multivariable to reduce dimension using core principle component analysis (KPCA), again with extraction
Feature input out sets up SVMs (SVM) as training sample, and parameter is optimized by cross-validation method
To improve the generalization ability of model, finally the result of prediction is sent to be analyzed explanation and draw a conclusion in expert system and is in
On present human-computer interaction interface.Its specific embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step 1, obtains operating gear-box oil temperature, and cabin temperature, gear-box drives the temperature of front end and non-driven front end
Degree, bearing temperature, wind speed round, the history samples time data of blower fan power output.
Data are pre-processed by step 2.
Preferably, should also be pre-processed to data using normalization formula in step 2.Normalization formula is as follows:
xmax-xmin
Data are carried out dimensionality reduction by step 3 using KPCA algorithms, training of the characteristic vector input that will be extracted as model
Sample set and test sample collection.
Further, it is further comprising the steps of in step 3:
Step 3.1, the raw sample data of the n index that will be obtained constitutes the matrix of one (m × n) dimension, and wherein m is
The sample number of each index.
Step 3.2, calculates nuclear matrix, first selectes the parameter in Gauss radial direction kernel function, calculates nuclear matrix K.
Step 3.3, corrects nuclear matrix, by nuclear matrix centralization.
Step 3.4, the eigenvalue λ of nuclear matrix is calculated with the method for Jacobi iteration1..., λn, corresponding characteristic vector
It is V1..., Vn。
Step 3.5, Eigenvector normalization sorts to obtain λ ' characteristic value in descending order1> ... > λ 'n, and adjust feature to
Amount carries out obtaining V '1..., V 'n, unit orthogonalized eigenvectors obtain a1..., an。
Step 3.6, calculates the accumulation contribution rate B of characteristic value1..., Bn, according to extraction efficiency P set in advance, work as Bt≥
P, then t principal component a before extracting1..., at。
Step 3.7, selects corresponding larger characteristic value and characteristic vector, then calculate sample matrix in higher dimensional space
Projection in these characteristic vectors.The projection of gained is exactly sample data the data obtained after core principle component KPCA dimensionality reductions.
Step 4, SVMs (SVM) is set up using the feature input for extracting, and by cross-validation method to parameter
Optimize and model is trained with training sample.
Further, step 4 should also include:
Step 4.1, the supporting vector machine model for setting up training sample is represented by:
Wherein, ω is model parameter i.e. weight vectors,It is that nonlinear characteristic from the input space to higher dimensional space is reflected
Penetrate, b is residual error.
Step 4.2, introduces Lagrange multiplier λiAfterwards, the forecast model based on SVM is changed into:
Its Kernel Function K () uses gaussian radial basis function form:
K (x, xi)=exp (- | | x-xi||2/σ2)
Wherein xi (i=1,2,3 ..., N) is input training sample, and σ is kernel functional parameter.
Step 5, is optimized using cross-validation method to the parameter of SVMs, obtains optimal forecast model, is followed
Ring iterative training pattern.
Further, the performance parameter optimal to determine SVMs, step 5 is further comprising the steps of:
Feature input set is divided into K each group by step 5.1, as K subset.
Each subset data is made one-time authentication collection by step 5.2 respectively, remaining K-1 groups subset as training set, so
K model can be obtained.
Step 5.3 average of the classification accuracy of the final checking collection of this K model is used as under cross-validation method
The performance indications of SVMs.
Step 6, the result of prediction is sent in expert system to be analyzed explanation and draw a conclusion is presented on man-machine friendship
On mutual interface.
Further by Fig. 2 expert system flow charts, step 6 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 6.1 will predict the outcome and be sent to fault message storehouse and preserve and export to inference machine.
Output of step 6.2 inference machine to fault message storehouse makes inferences analysis, and the rule in knowledge base is matched repeatedly, from
And obtain corresponding failure cause.
Be sent to failure cause in interpreter by step 6.3, and route and conclusion by inference provide corresponding explanation simultaneously
It is presented on human-computer interaction interface, user is can be clearly seen that reasoning process.
General principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) obtain operating gear-box oil temperature, cabin temperature, gear-box drive the temperature of front end and non-driven front end, wind speed,
The history samples time data of blower fan power output;
2) history samples time data is pre-processed, including removal data exception point and data normalization;
3) dimensionality reduction is carried out to pretreated history samples time data using KPCA algorithms, the input of the feature that will extract as
The training sample set and test sample collection of model;
4) training sample is modeled using SVMs;
5) parameter of SVMs is optimized using cross-validation method, obtains optimal forecast model, loop iteration instruction
Practice model;
6) result of prediction is sent in expert system to be analyzed explanation and draw a conclusion and is presented on human-computer interaction interface.
2. gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3)
Including following flow:
3.1) raw sample data of the n index that will be obtained constitutes the matrix of one (m × n) dimension, and wherein m is each index
Sample number.
3.2) nuclear matrix is calculated, the parameter in Gauss radial direction kernel function is first selected, nuclear matrix K is calculated;
3.3) nuclear matrix is corrected, by nuclear matrix centralization;
3.4) eigenvalue λ of nuclear matrix is calculated with the method for Jacobi iteration1..., λn, corresponding characteristic vector is V1...,
Vn;
3.5) by Eigenvector normalization, characteristic value is sorted to obtain λ ' in descending order1> ... > λ 'n, and adjust characteristic vector and carry out
V′1..., V 'n, unit orthogonalized eigenvectors obtain a1..., an;
3.6) the accumulation contribution rate B of characteristic value is calculated1..., Bn, according to extraction efficiency P set in advance, work as Bt>=P, then extract
Preceding t principal component a1..., at;
3.7) corresponding larger characteristic value and characteristic vector are selected, sample matrix is then calculated in higher dimensional space in these features
Projection on vector, the projection of gained is exactly sample data the data obtained after core principle component KPCA dimensionality reductions.
3. gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4)
Including following flow:
4.1) supporting vector machine model for setting up training sample is represented by:
Wherein, ω is model parameter i.e. weight vectors,It is the nonlinear characteristic mapping from the input space to higher dimensional space, b is
Residual error.
4.2) Lagrange multiplier λ is introducediAfterwards, the forecast model based on SVM is changed into:
Wherein, kernel function K () uses gaussian radial basis function form:
K (x, xi)=exp (- | | x-xi||2/σ2)
Wherein, xi (i=1,2,3 ..., N) is input training sample, and σ is kernel functional parameter.
4. gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 5)
Also include:
5.1) feature input set is divided into K each group, as K subset;
5.2) each subset data is made into one-time authentication collection respectively, remaining K-1 groups subset can so obtain K as training set
Individual model;
5.3) average of the classification accuracy collected with the K final checking of model is used as the SVMs under cross-validation method
Performance indications.
5. gearbox of wind turbine failure predication diagnosis algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 6)
It is further comprising the steps of:
6.1) will predict the outcome and be sent to fault message storehouse and preserve and export to inference machine;
6.2) output of the inference machine to fault message storehouse makes inferences analysis, the rule in knowledge base is matched repeatedly, so as to obtain
Corresponding failure cause;
6.3) failure cause is sent in interpreter, route and conclusion by inference are given to be explained and be presented on people accordingly
On machine interactive interface, user is set to can be clearly seen that reasoning process.
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