CN106774452A

CN106774452A - Photovoltaic apparatus and the method that solar radiation and generating are captured on the photovoltaic apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN106774452A
Application number: CN201710003704.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 麦克·晓晅·杨
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-01-05
Filing date: 2017-01-04
Publication date: 2017-05-31

Abstract

Solar radiation and the method for generating electricity are captured the invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic apparatus and on the photovoltaic apparatus, be placed on telescopic accessory plate along two relative edges of photovoltaic panel incline direction by it.This accessory plate will not hinder direct irradiation of sunlight to photovoltaic panel, while extra solar radiation can be redirect into photovoltaic panel, including direct light and scattering light.When photovoltaic panel is inclined to track the sun, the configuration of the accessory plate can be adjusted, to avoid producing shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel.Compared to the photovoltaic system of traditional outfit light-following device, when maximum photovoltaic panel angle of inclination and constant photovoltaic system covered ground rate is kept, photovoltaic system proposed by the invention and the method for collection solar radiation and generating be remarkably improved one day in photovoltaic system lighting quantity and generated energy.

Description

Photovoltaic apparatus and the method that solar radiation and generating are captured on the photovoltaic apparatus

Technical field

A kind of solar energy system the present invention relates to convert solar radiation into electric power, and in particular to photovoltaic apparatus and at this Solar radiation and the method for generating electricity are captured on photovoltaic apparatus.

Background technology

Photovoltaic (PV) or condensation photovoltaic (CPV) system can convert solar radiation into electric energy.In PV systems, light underlying surface Plate directly converts the light to electricity.By contrast, the solar radiation of large area is first become one by CPV systems using lens or speculum Individual small light beam, then electricity is converted the light to by high efficiency solar cell.

Existing photovoltaic module includes flat component and flexible unit.Flat component has dominated global photovoltaic market, and Most flat plate photovoltaic components are made up of crystal silicon (c-Si) solar cell.At present, crystal silicon photovoltaic panel accounts for global overall light More than the 90% of volt production.Be clipped in crystal silicon solar batteries between backboard and transparent foreboard (such as glass) by crystal silicon photovoltaic panel Assembled.Sunshine to electric power conversion ratio, also referred to as component efficiency, can on polysilicon photovoltaic panel more than 15%, More than 20% on monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel.Other photovoltaic panel productions include being based on cadmium telluride (CdTe), CIGS (CIGS) or the photo-conductive film material such as amorphous silicon (a-Si)/microcrystal silicon (c-Si) membrane photovoltaic component.Thin film solar electricity Pond and component are made on same production line, and other layers in photoactive film and battery structure are deposited over a substrate Or on cladding plate (such as glass), and be then packaged (for example use another sheet glass).In current commercially producing, CdTe Can be more than 15% with the component efficiency on CIGS photovoltaic panels, component efficiency can exceed on a-Si/c-Si photovoltaic panels 12%., in high cost, many knots of based compound semiconductor (such as GaAs (GaAs)) are too for highest photovoltaic panel efficiency It is positive to be realized on battery.The component efficiency of independent multi-junction gallium arsenide PV panels can be more than 35%, in condensation photovoltaic (CPV) system More than 40% can be reached under the configuration of system.

Different from rigid panel solar battery component, flexible solar cell module is by flexible substrates Solar cell is constituted, then is subject to transparent encapsulated layer at top and be fabricated by.Flexible photovoltaic is initially based on traditional Thin-film solar cells material, such as cadmium telluride, CIGS and non-crystalline silicon/microcrystal silicon.Flexible photovoltaic new technology development includes new Section bar material such as DSSC and organic solar batteries.

Flexible solar battery pack can be perfectly suitable for emerging application includes portable charger and building one Body photovoltaic.By comparison, rigid photovoltaic panel has a high efficiency, low cost and technology maturation, the advantages of production capacity is big, Main flow house is occupied, commercially with power station market.

The production of energy of photovoltaic system is directly proportional to solar collector amount.The sunlight for reaching earth surface has two parts：Fine day The solar energy of Rio 90% is " direct light ", and remaining is " scattering light ".Because most solar energy is in direct light, most The sunlight collecting of limits is needed solar cell module directly facing the sun.Sunshine on solar cell module is incident Angle (also referred to as incidence angle) is 0 degree for the irradiation from surface normal direction, is 90 for the irradiation from surface tangent direction Degree.The cosine value of sunlight exposure intensity and incidence angle is directly proportional.Therefore, exposure intensity increases with the reduction of incidence angle.

The generated energy of photovoltaic system is also directly proportional with the efficiency of photovoltaic module.The efficiency of photovoltaic module is the letter of exposure intensity Number.Generally under less than the exposure intensity of 1 sun etalon optical power, the efficiency of crystal silicon solar batteries is with the increasing of exposure intensity Plus and improve.Optimization with manufacturing process is designed by battery structure, the efficiency of battery can be more than 1 sun etalon optical power Exposure intensity (concentration photovoltaic system configuration) under further improve.As shown in figure 1, in vertical incidence, rear-face contact crystal The battery efficiency of silicon solar cell can be in the range of 7 exposure intensities of sun etalon optical power with intensity of solar radiation Increase and improve.

Photovoltaic module efficiency is also the function of incidence angle under equivalent irradiation energy.As shown in Fig. 2 in fixed exposure intensity Under (after incidence angle calibration), the efficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module can be remarkably decreased in the incidence angle more than 60 degree.Under partial Drop can be attributed to the increase of the light reflection on cover glass before photovoltaic module under big incidence angle.

In house and small-scale commercialization photovoltaic project, photovoltaic panel is generally arranged on roof with fixed angle On.Photovoltaic panel on a fixed support can collect scattering light from all directions.But, installed in fixed support On photovoltaic panel can not track the sun, therefore the collection and production of energy of direct sunlight radiation may be limited in one day System.The sun is from the east to the west through about 180 degree in half a day (summer is more, and winter is few).Horizon effect can be by the effective of the sun Motion is reduced to about 150 degree.As a result, being fixed on a photovoltaic for general horizontal direction under dawn and sunset extreme case Panel can have about 75 degree of deviation with direct sunlight direction, strong so as to cause the direct sunlight on photovoltaic panel to radiate Degree declines about 75%.Additionally, the not only increase with incidence angle but also the reduction with intensity of solar radiation of photovoltaic module efficiency And be remarkably decreased.Therefore, the photovoltaic panel of fixed orientation can be significantly affected in intraday gross generation.

In order to improve the generated energy of photovoltaic system, most large scale business photovoltaics more than a megawatt to greatest extent Light-following device has been used in TRT.Light-following device is to the equipment of the sun by load directed face.Load can include standard The parabola groove in photovoltaic panel and concentration photovoltaic system in photovoltaic system, fresnel reflecting mirror, mirror or lens etc..Follow spot Device can significantly improve the efficiency of photovoltaic system.For example, rotated photovoltaic panel from east to west in one day can help gather Most sunshine, so as to by the Energy Maximization on fixed number photovoltaic panel.

The light-following device of the only one of which free degree (photovoltaic panel rotates from the east to the west) is referred to as single shaft light-following device.Several routines Single shaft light-following device includes horizontal single shaft light-following device (HSAT), the horizontal single shaft light-following device (HTSAT) containing tilt component, single spindle Light-following device (VSAT), inclined single shaft light-following device (TSAT) and pole are directed at single shaft light-following device (PSAT).

Single shaft light-following device can follow the trail of the change of sun angle in a day, but can not compensate because sun angle season becomes The energy loss of change.The sun is mobile 46 degree from north orientation south in 1 year.If as a result, in each geographical position with two seasons Orientation photovoltaic panel in midpoint between section is extreme, the sun is maximum mobile 23 degree in photovoltaic panel either side within a year and a day, causes The about 8% extra solar radiation energy loss on photovoltaic panel.The system output that seasonal sun angle changes and causes is damaged Losing can further complicate because the sunshine-duration in 1 year changes.It is on the Northern Hemisphere or southern because the sunshine-duration in summer is long Photovoltaic panel can be positioned at hemisphere the average solar angle closer to summer.So with the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox angle (latitude with place Degree it is identical) alignment photovoltaic system compare, sunlight collection total amount can be improved in a year and a day.

The light-following device quilt of the sun (from east to west) but also tracking sun seasonal movement (North and South direction) daily can not only be followed the trail of Referred to as biaxial solar light-following device.Twin shaft light-following device has two rotary shafts of the free degree.The two axles are generally perpendicular to one another.One Axle is fixed relative to ground, can be decided to be main shaft.Another axle, as reference, can be decided to be asessory shaft with main shaft.It is double Axle light-following device generally orients solar components parallel to asessory shaft.Twin shaft light-following device can be by its main shaft relative to ground Orientation classified.Two kinds of common twin shaft light-following devices are that point inclines twin shaft light-following device (TTDAT) and orientation-height above sea level twin shaft is chased after Light device (AADAT).

Compared with single shaft light-following device, twin shaft light-following device not only can be in daily different time, and can be in 1 year difference The inclination of seasonal adjustment photovoltaic panel.No matter the sun where on high, twin shaft light-following device can be by photovoltaic panel Directly it is aligned with the sun.However, the both sides in each direction in two incline directions of photovoltaic panel are needed using twin shaft light-following device, That is gap is left in all four side of photovoltaic panel.By comparison, the photovoltaic system containing single shaft light-following device is only needed in photovoltaic Leave gap in the both sides of one incline direction of panel.Fig. 3 and 4 shows the photovoltaic system containing light-following device of some routines.Fig. 3 shows It is shown with the photovoltaic system of photovoltaic panel containing multirow 101.The system can assemble single shaft light-following device.Fig. 4 is shown containing photovoltaic panel 201 Another photovoltaic system of array.The system can configure twin shaft light-following device.As shown, under identical floor space, generally The photovoltaic system for configuring single shaft light-following device generally can accommodate greater number of photovoltaic than configuring the photovoltaic system of twin shaft light-following device Panel.

Fig. 5 shows that the photovoltaic system for being arranged on photovoltaic panel on single shaft light-following device containing multirow becomes in intraday configuration Change.From morning to night, photovoltaic panel 101 can incline to follow the sun from the east to the west at different angles, i.e., in figure from a left side to It is right.One photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301 is defined as the inclination angle of the reference ground 110 of photovoltaic panel 101.It is parallel with ground to take To the photovoltaic panel inclination angle of photovoltaic panel be zero, and the photovoltaic panel inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel of ground vertical orientation is 90 Degree.As shown in figure 5, in the normal operating of the photovoltaic system containing light-following device, the inclination angle A301 of photovoltaic panel time at noon Almost nil (" D " in Fig. 5), and in the morning (" A " in Fig. 5) and at dusk (" G " in Fig. 5) reach maximum.

Solar cell connects into series circuit in photovoltaic panel, thus the power output of photovoltaic panel is limited by by most The electric current of weak battery.Therefore, a small opacities on photovoltaic panel can significantly reduce the performance of whole panel.When light underlying surface When the angle of inclination of plate followed Solar variability in one day, it is necessary to avoid producing shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel.

Covered ground rate (GCR) is an important parameter in photovoltaic (PV) system design containing light-following device.Cover on ground Lid rate is defined as the total floor space of the area divided by photovoltaic system of photovoltaic module.For being mounted on single shaft light-following device containing multirow The photovoltaic system of photovoltaic panel, covered ground rate simply can be come from two parameters of width and adjacent line space of photovoltaic module Calculate.In order to prevent photovoltaic panel from producing shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel in maximum tilt angle, it usually needs in photovoltaic Traded off between panel maximum tilt angle and photovoltaic system covered ground rate, i.e., the maximum tilt angle of photovoltaic panel is determined The upper limit of system ground coverage rate.For example, in the configuration of the photovoltaic system of light-following device containing single shaft shown in Fig. 5, photovoltaic panel Maximum tilt angle be 60 degree (" G " of Fig. 5 " A " and Fig. 5), photovoltaic system maximum ground coverage rate is 50%, that is, Adjacent photovoltaic panel line spacing is equal to the width of row.

As shown in " D " in Fig. 5, nearby the inclination angle A301 of photovoltaic timing panel is almost nil at noon.Work as covered ground When rate is 50%, only half is captured by photovoltaic panel in direct sunlight radiation in time whole land area at noon.It is real The covered ground rate of many photovoltaic projects is substantially less than 50% on border.Photovoltaic system covered ground rate is smaller, entirely native in project The collection efficiency of solar radiation is lower in ground area.Result is that total output of photovoltaic system in a day may be restricted.

Fig. 6 shows two common CPV system configurations.In first CPV system basic configuration as shown in A in Fig. 6, Solar cell active surface 201A reflects and focuses on back to the sun, the speculum 202 for being placed on solar cell plane rear Direct sunlight is to solar cell active surface 201A.In second CPV system basic configuration as shown in B in Fig. 6, too Towards the sun, lens 203 are placed on solar cell plane front focusing direct sunlight and arrive positive energy battery-active surface 201A Solar cell active surface 201A.In two basic configuration of CPV systems, beam condensing unit (speculum in Fig. 6 in A and Lens in Fig. 6 in B) relative configuration and collector (solar cell) between is fixed.With the photovoltaic generation system of standard System is compared, CPV systems need more accurately with the alignment of the sun.Additionally, traditional CPV systems are not gathered and utilize diffusion light of the sun Generated electricity.

The content of the invention

Covered instant invention overcomes due to the maximum photovoltaic panel angle of inclination existed in conventional photovoltaic system and maximum ground The mutual restriction effect covered than between, causes the photovoltaic system totally relatively low problem of output.In photovoltaic system covered ground rate and In the case that maximum photovoltaic panel angle of inclination is constant, photovoltaic system of the invention can be collected more too on photovoltaic panel Sun radiation, and and then produced more electric power in one day.

Additionally, different according to photovoltaic system of the invention and traditional CPV systems.Photovoltaic system proposed by the invention System can be captured and utilize diffusion light of the sun, and not need the light-following device of pinpoint accuracy.

In order to notable while keeping photovoltaic panel maximum tilt angle and the covering of photovoltaic system maximum ground than parameter Photovoltaic system lighting quantity and generated energy are improved, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is as follows：

A kind of photovoltaic apparatus, including：

One substantially planar, the photovoltaic panel with front side, rear side and at least two relative edges, wherein front side is photovoltaic Panel towards the side of the sun, rear side be the front side back to side；

One the first mechanism, for inclining the photovoltaic panel in the direction of relative edge；

At least two accessory plates, the position of one of them the first accessory plate is positioned adjacent to a side of the photovoltaic panel Arrived with another relative edge that second accessory plate is positioned adjacent to the photovoltaic panel, and the accessory plate without prejudice to Direct sunlight is irradiated to the front side of photovoltaic panel and extra solar radiation can be directed to the front side of the photovoltaic panel；

One the second mechanism, stretches or bounces back for adjusting the accessory plate relative to the front side of the photovoltaic panel.

In the present invention, " at least two relative edges " refers to positioned at a pair relative sides of photovoltaic panel surrounding.Institute It refers to that the first accessory plate, the second accessory plate are separately mounted on the two relative sides to state " close ", and can be relative to light Underlying surface plate front side carries out flexible adjustment or the adjustment at angle of inclination is carried out relative to photovoltaic panel.

In the present invention, first mechanism typically can be using the control system of light-following device, you can use single shaft light-following device, Also twin shaft light-following device can be used；Second mechanism can use leading screw and screw-nut structure to realize Telescopic, or It is that leading screw and screw-nut structure are combined or the bar linkage structure knot with Mechanical Driven with angular adjustment mechanical structure in light-following device Close, to realize the accessory plate Telescopic and angle regulation function simultaneously；It can individually control the accessory plate, it is also possible to Controlled by the light-following device simultaneously；Its control can be realized by software programming, it is also possible to be integrated in the control of the light-following device In device.

In the present invention, described " extra solar radiation " refers to direct projection or scatters to sunshine on accessory plate.

Preferably, first mechanism adjusts the angle of inclination of photovoltaic panel in the two directions.It is heretofore described " both direction " can be mutually perpendicular to；Corresponding to actual geographic orientation, a direction is from the mobile tune to the east of west according to the sun The angle of inclination of whole photovoltaic panel；Another direction is the adjustment for carrying out south-north direction to photovoltaic panel according to season difference. Now, the first mechanism can use twin shaft light-following device.

Preferably, accessory plate described at least one is substantially planar, and reflects the extra solar radiation and arrive The photovoltaic panel.

" substantially planar " mentioned in the present invention both can be strictly planar structure, or generally be plane Structure.

Preferably, accessory plate described at least one does not receive any direct sunlight but scatters the sun when generating electricity Photovoltaic panel described in light directing.In the actual design of the technical program, any direct sunlight can not be received by described Accessory plate is basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel setting, and it is only capable of for scattering light reflexing to the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, generate electricity when accessory plate described at least one Part I under sun direct projection, Part II Do not receive any direct sunlight but diffusion light of the sun is oriented to the photovoltaic panel.In the technical program, Part I Accessory plate primary recipient direct sunlight, and these direct lights are reflected or are transmitted through the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, accessory plate described at least one is substantially planar, and second mechanism further adjusts institute Angle of inclination of the accessory plate relative to the photovoltaic panel is stated, wherein when the accessory plate is basically parallel to the photovoltaic panel The inclination angle of the accessory plate is 0 degree, the inclination of the accessory plate when the accessory plate is basically perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel Angle be 90 degree, and wherein generating when the substantially planar accessory plate inclination angle between 45 degree and 90 degree.

" substantially parallel " that the present invention is mentioned, both can refer to perfect parallelism between two slab constructions, or Refer to generally parallel between two slab constructions or two structures of generally flat structure.What the present invention was mentioned " substantially vertical ", both can refer to the exact vertical between two slab constructions, it is also possible to refer to two slab constructions or two Generally vertical between the structure of individual generally flat structure.

Heretofore described " substantially planar accessory plate " can be reflector.

A kind of photovoltaic apparatus, including：

At least two substantially planar accessory plates, the position of one of them the first accessory plate is positioned adjacent to the smooth underlying surface One side of plate and second accessory plate are positioned adjacent to another relative edge of the photovoltaic panel, and the auxiliary Plate without prejudice to is irradiated to the front side of photovoltaic panel and extra solar radiation can be directed into the photovoltaic to direct sunlight The front side of panel；

One the second mechanism, stretches or retraction and energy for adjusting the accessory plate relative to the front side of the photovoltaic panel The inclination angle of the accessory plate is adjusted, wherein the accessory plate inclines when the accessory plate is basically parallel to the photovoltaic panel Oblique angle is 0 degree, and when the accessory plate is basically perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel, the inclination angle of the accessory plate is 90 degree, and The inclination angle of the substantially planar accessory plate is between 45 degree and 90 degree during generating.

Preferably, the accessory plate selection reflector.

Preferably, including：

By one or more substantially planar photovoltaic panels towards the sun incline, wherein each photovoltaic panel include front side, Rear side and at least two relative edges, wherein front side is side of the photovoltaic panel towards the sun, rear side be the front side back to one Side, and when the photovoltaic panel is basically parallel to ground, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is 0 degree, when the photovoltaic panel The inclination angle for being basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel during ground is 90 degree；Also,

Extra solar radiation is oriented to the multiple accessory plates of adjustment the front side of photovoltaic panel, and wherein at least one first is aided in Plate is positioned adjacent to a side of the photovoltaic panel, and second accessory plate is positioned adjacent to other the one of the photovoltaic panel Individual relative edge, and wherein described accessory plate is made relative to the regulation for being extended or being bounced back on front side of the photovoltaic panel Obtain flux of the described extra solar radiation in the front side of the photovoltaic panel substantially uniform.

Preferably, the angle of inclination that a side adjusts upward the photovoltaic panel is included in, and first auxiliary Plate is positioned in the relative edge of the inclination angular direction of the adjustment photovoltaic panel with second accessory plate.

Preferably, be included in both direction adjusting the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel.Preferably, including：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；

Front side when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel increases relative to the photovoltaic panel bounces back described at least one Accessory plate.

Preferably, accessory plate described at least one is substantially planar, and further include：

The substantially planar accessory plate is placed at an inclination angle, wherein described in being basically parallel to when the accessory plate The inclination angle of the accessory plate is essentially 0 degree during photovoltaic panel, when accessory plate when that is basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel institute The inclination angle for stating accessory plate is essentially 90 degree；

The inclination angle of the substantially planar sub-panel is adjusted between 45 degree and 90 degree when generating electricity.Preferably, Including：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；Also,

Reduce the inclination angle of the substantially planar accessory plate when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel increases.

Preferably, including：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；Also,

Reduce the inclination angle of the substantially planar accessory plate and relative when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel increases In the front side retraction substantially planar accessory plate of the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, including：

One substantially planar photovoltaic panel is inclined towards the sun；

The inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is 0 degree wherein when the photovoltaic panel is basically parallel to ground, when the light The inclination angle that underlying surface plate is basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel during ground is 90 degree；Also,

Wherein each photovoltaic panel includes front side, rear side and at least two relative edges, in the photovoltaic in two relative edges The inclination angle of panel be more than 0 degree when one first while higher than one second while；

Sunlight is in the front side of the photovoltaic panel；

Place the front side that extra solar radiation is oriented to multiple substantially planar accessory plates the photovoltaic panel；Wherein,

At least one first accessory plates are positioned adjacent to the first side of the photovoltaic panel；

At least one second accessory plates are positioned adjacent to the second side of the photovoltaic panel；

Each described substantially planar accessory plate is placed on an inclination angle, wherein when the accessory plate is basically parallel to The inclination angle of the accessory plate is 0 degree during the photovoltaic panel, when accessory plate when that is basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel institute The inclination angle for stating accessory plate is 90 degree；

The substantially planar accessory plate is relative to the regulation for being extended or being bounced back on front side of the photovoltaic panel.

Preferably, including：

There is individual transition angle at the inclination angle for adjusting the photovoltaic panel between one maximum angle of zero-sum；Wherein maximum angular Less than 70 degree and transition angle is between 10 degree and 55 degree；

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is between zero-sum transition angle, with the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel Increase the inclination angle for reducing first accessory plate；Also,

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is between transition angle and maximum angle, with inclining for the photovoltaic panel Increase retraction second accessory plate at oblique angle.

Preferably, including：

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is between zero-sum transition angle, with the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel Increase retraction first accessory plate；Also,

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is between transition angle and maximum angle, with inclining for the photovoltaic panel The increase at oblique angle reduces the inclination angle of second accessory plate.

Photovoltaic system the present invention relates to contain light-following device.Along photovoltaic panel incline direction on the basis of conventional photovoltaic system Two relative edges place accessory plate such as reflector.Before the accessory plate will not hinder direct sunlight to be radiated at photovoltaic panel Side.Meanwhile, extra sunshine (including direct light and scattering light) is redirect to the front side of photovoltaic panel by accessory plate.The auxiliary Plate is telescopic, and system can further adjust angle of inclination of the accessory plate relative to photovoltaic panel.It is whole auxiliary The Mechanical course structure of plate is helped to may be mounted on light-following device, and the Mechanical course of accessory plate can be with photovoltaic panel inclination angle The change of degree is mutually coordinated.Nearly horizontal close to the noon, now accessory plate is fully extended most to collect photovoltaic panel Sunlight.When the morning and afternoon, photovoltaic panel is inclined towards the sun, to avoid the shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel, can Accordingly to adjust accessory plate relative to the stretching, extension on front side of photovoltaic panel and the angle of inclination with reference to photovoltaic panel.

In order to avoid producing shade in adjacent photovoltaic panel and then influenceing photovoltaic system generating efficiency, in photovoltaic system most Mutually restricted between photovoltaic panel angle of inclination and maximum ground coverage rate greatly, in have impact on one day the lighting quantity of photovoltaic system and Generated energy.Compared with prior art, the present invention is keeping two ginsengs in maximum photovoltaic panel angle of inclination and maximum ground coverage rate In the case that number is constant, in photovoltaic panel, two relative edges increase accessory plate such as reflector.As described above, photovoltaic of the present invention System can be being avoided in adjacent photovoltaic in one day with the setting of the change regulation accessory plate at photovoltaic panel angle of inclination While producing shade on panel, sunshine was fully gathered on photovoltaic panel any time in one day, significantly improve photovoltaic Lighting quantity and generated energy of the system in one day.The optimization that photovoltaic system of the present invention further can also be set by accessory plate Optimal photovoltaic panel conversion ratio is reached, so as to further improve generated energy of the photovoltaic system in one day.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the representative that a back contacts crystal silicon solar energy battery efficiency changes with exposure intensity in the prior art Property response relation figure.

Fig. 2 shows that a crystal silicon solar batteries component efficiency is with the incident angle of solar radiation in the prior art (AOI) the representative response relation figure of change.

Fig. 3 shows photovoltaic (PV) system schematic containing multirow photovoltaic panel of routine in the prior art.Every row light Underlying surface plate can be installed on single shaft light-following device, and along the arrangement of substantially North and South direction.

Fig. 4 shows photovoltaic (PV) system schematic containing photovoltaic panel array of routine in the prior art, and often Individual solar panel can include multiple panels for linking together.Photovoltaic panel is installed on twin shaft light-following device.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross-section for the conventional photovoltaic system of outfit single shaft light-following device in the prior art.At one day The angle of inclination of middle photovoltaic panel 101 follows the sun and changes.

Fig. 6 shows two kinds of schematic cross-sections of traditional condenser photovoltaic (CPV) system basic configuration in the prior art.

Fig. 7 shows that one is equipped with single shaft light-following device and has the photovoltaic panel of scalable accessory plate according to the present invention containing multirow The schematic diagram of photovoltaic system.

Fig. 8 shows that includes the solar panel battle array for being equipped with twin shaft light-following device and having scalable accessory plate according to the present invention The schematic diagram of the photovoltaic system of row.

Fig. 9 shows two kinds according to the basic configuration that scalable accessory plate is placed in two relative edges of photovoltaic panel of the invention Schematic cross-section.

Figure 10 displays be positioned over according to the present invention side of a photovoltaic panel 101 scalable accessory plate 103 (103R, Schematic cross-section 103RR).

Figure 11 shows one according to two schematic sections of the accessory plate of relative edge containing photovoltaic panel of the invention.

Figure 12 shows a photovoltaic system that single shaft light-following device and scalable plane reflection accessory plate are equipped with according to the present invention Schematic cross-section.

Figure 13 displays configure three kinds of signals of configuration of the photovoltaic system of scalable plane reflection accessory plate according to the present invention Sectional view.

Figure 14 displays configure three kinds of signals of configuration of the photovoltaic system of scalable plane reflection accessory plate according to the present invention Sectional view.

Figure 15 shows cutting for the photovoltaic system according to present invention outfit single shaft light-following device and scalable plane reflection accessory plate Face schematic diagram.The sun is followed from the angle of inclination of photovoltaic panel in noon to afternoon 101 and change.

Figure 16 shows cutting for the photovoltaic system according to present invention outfit single shaft light-following device and scalable plane reflection accessory plate Face schematic diagram.The sun is followed from the angle of inclination of photovoltaic panel in noon to afternoon 101 and change.

Specific embodiment

7- Figure 16 is described in further detail explanation to the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited In following accompanying drawing.

The present invention is applied to the solar energy system equipped with light-following device.Such as in background of invention part in one's power, light-following device can be with Photovoltaic panel is inclined to track the sun.They are common in large-scale commercial applications and power station photovoltaic system.In the present invention, stretch auxiliary Plate is helped to be positioned along two relative edges of photovoltaic panel incline direction.Extra sunlight is turned back to light underlying surface by accessory plate Plate, so as to increase the lighting quantity on photovoltaic panel, improves the output of PV systems.

Fig. 7 and 8 is provided with reference to conventional photovoltaic system shown in Fig. 3 and 4, according to photovoltaic system of the present invention containing accessory plate Schematic diagram.As shown in fig. 7, two scalable accessory plates are positioned in two relative edges of each row photovoltaic panel, i.e.,：Accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 can be positioned in that to be installed on along inclined direction two of photovoltaic panel 101 on single shaft light-following device relative Side.Meanwhile, as shown in figure 8, scalable accessory plate can be positioned in all four side of each photovoltaic panel, i.e.,：Accessory plate 202nd, accessory plate 203, accessory plate 204, accessory plate 205 can be positioned in and be installed on photovoltaic panel 201 on twin shaft light-following device Four sides.

B is shown according to two basic configuration of accessory plate of the present invention in A and Fig. 9 in Fig. 9.The accessory plate 102T for wherein bending Extra sunshine to the front side of photovoltaic panel 101 is transmitted with accessory plate 103T, the accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 of plane reflect Extra sunlight is to the front side of photovoltaic panel 101.In the present embodiment, scalable accessory plate is configured in a photovoltaic panel relative edge When, the flexible of accessory plate refers to that it protrudes from part on front side of the plane of photovoltaic panel 111, " to stretch when the part of protrusion increases Exhibition ", be when the part of protrusion is reduced " retraction ".

In fig .9 in A and Fig. 9 in two kinds of configurations shown in B, direct sunlight 11 is radiated at from normally incident direction (0 degree) The front side of photovoltaic panel 101, its path not by accessory plate 102T, accessory plate 103T and, accessory plate 102, accessory plate 103 stop. In one embodiment of the invention, accessory plate 102T, the accessory plate 103T for being positioned at 101 two relative edges of photovoltaic panel are saturating Penetrate and redirect extra direct light 12, extra direct light 13 to photovoltaic panel 101.As shown in A in Fig. 9, accessory plate 102T and Accessory plate 103T can be basic bending, can select lens etc..In another embodiment of the present invention, it is positioned at light 101 two accessory plates of relative edge 102 of underlying surface plate, direct light 103 reflect and redirect extra direct light 14, extra direct light 15 arrive photovoltaic panel 101.As shown in B in Fig. 9, accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 can be substantially planar, can select anti- Tabula rasa etc..

As shown in B in Fig. 9, plane accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 are respectively relative to the angle of the plane of photovoltaic panel 111 Inclination angle A302 and inclination angle A303 can be defined as.When accessory plate is parallel to photovoltaic panel, the inclination angle of accessory plate is determined Justice is 0 degree, and when accessory plate is perpendicular to photovoltaic panel, the inclination angle of accessory plate is defined as 90 degree.Assuming that plane accessory plate 102nd, plane accessory plate 103 has uniform reflectivity, plane accessory plate 102, the extra direct light of the reflection of plane accessory plate 103 14th, the light intensity of extra direct light 15 is uniform.The extra incidence of direct light 14, extra direct light 15 on photovoltaic panel 101 Angle can be calculated from accessory plate inclination angle A302, inclination angle A303：

Accessory plate reflection extra sunshine on photovoltaic panel incidence angle=2* (90 degree-relative to photovoltaic panel Accessory plate inclination angle)

As shown by the equation, 1 degree, extra sunshine the entering in photovoltaic panel of accessory plate reflection are often reduced by accessory plate inclination angle Firing angle is increased by 2 degree.In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic panel tracking sun, boosting reflector plate is placed on light Underlying surface plate with respect to both sides, relative to photovoltaic panel plane accessory plate inclination angle between 45 and 90 degree.Can be with B from Fig. 9 Learn, in accessory plate perpendicular to photovoltaic panel when being configured to 90 degree, the sunshine of accessory plate reflection is vertical on photovoltaic panel Incidence, i.e. incidence angle are 0 degree；When accessory plate inclination angle is 45 degree, the sunshine of the accessory plate reflection is on photovoltaic panel Glancing incidence, i.e. incidence angle are 90 degree.In order that the sunshine of accessory plate reflection intersects with photovoltaic panel, relative to the smooth underlying surface The accessory plate inclination angle of plate must be between 45 degree and 90 degree.

According to the present invention, accessory plate is telescopic, and it refers to portion of the accessory plate in front of the place plane of photovoltaic panel 101 Point.In one embodiment of the invention, telescopic accessory plate can be rigid.Figure 10 shows and is placed on photovoltaic panel The retraction of the rigid accessory plate 103 of a piece of 101 sides.As illustrated, as accessory plate 103 is in the place plane of photovoltaic panel 101 The reduction (to 103R and 103RR) of 111 front length, accessory plate can increase in the part at the place plane rear of photovoltaic panel 101 Plus.In another embodiment of the present invention, accessory plate angle of inclination A303 is as accessory plate is before the plane of photovoltaic panel 111 The reduction of Fang Shenzhan and reduce.That is, photovoltaic system not only adjusts accessory plate stretching, extension, and adjustment accessory plate relative to light The angle of inclination of underlying surface plate.In another embodiment of the invention, reduction that accessory plate inclination angle is stretched with accessory plate and Reduce.As shown in Figure 10, accessory plate inclination angle A303 is as accessory plate 103 is in the stretching, extension of the front of 101 place plane of photovoltaic panel 111 Reduction (sequentially into 103R and 103RR) and reduce.As shown in the drawing, by plane accessory plate 103, plane accessory plate 103R, flat The solar radiation of face accessory plate 103RR reflections is respectively solar radiation light 15, solar radiation light 15R and solar radiation light 15RR. With retraction of the accessory plate in front of plane where photovoltaic panel, in order to the solar radiation uniform fold for keeping accessory plate to reflect is whole Individual photovoltaic panel 101, it is necessary to reduce angle of inclination of the accessory plate relative to the photovoltaic panel 101.

Based on above-mentioned essential characteristic and function, according to photovoltaic system of the invention and traditional condensation photovoltaic (CPV) system System has dramatically different.As shown in Figures 9 and 10 according in photovoltaic system of the invention, accessory plate 102T, accessory plate 103T and auxiliary Plate 102, accessory plate 103 is helped not to hinder sunlight to shine directly into the path of photovoltaic panel 101.By comparison, as shown in fig. 6, In traditional condenser photovoltaic system, the sun will not direct projection solar cell.In addition, according to photovoltaic system of the invention, it is auxiliary Helping part of the plate before photovoltaic panel can bounce back, and accessory plate is relative to the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel accessory plate Can adjust.By comparison, in traditional condenser photovoltaic system, concentrator (speculum, lens etc.) and collector (solar-electricity Pond) between relative configuration be fixed.

Figure 11 is shown containing multiple photovoltaic panels and equipped with the photovoltaic system according to plane reflection accessory plate of the invention. In Figure 11, photovoltaic panel 101 for follow the sun and slant setting.Accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 are positioned in photovoltaic panel 101 two relative edges, are stretched and angle of inclination with identical, and the configuration of accessory plate is avoided in adjacent photovoltaic panel On shade.Photovoltaic panel is A301 relative to the inclination angle on ground 110.The place plane of photovoltaic panel 101 is 111, accessory plate Angle between 102 and the place plane 111 of photovoltaic panel 101 is A302；Accessory plate 103 and the place plane 111 of photovoltaic panel 101 Between angle be A303.When photovoltaic panel changed angle of inclination to follow the sun in one day, accessory plate can be moved accordingly It is dynamic.In one embodiment of the invention, whole accessory plate mechanism is installed on light-following device.In another reality of the invention Apply in scheme, the Mechanical course of accessory plate can be driven by being used to incline the same motor of photovoltaic panel in light-following device. In other embodiments of the invention, the Mechanical course of the accessory plate and the control of photovoltaic panel can with mutually coordinated, While avoiding blocking photovoltaic panel where it and adjacent photovoltaic panel, collect extra straight on photovoltaic panel as far as possible Penetrate light and scattering light.This coordination can be realized by hardware design or software program.

Figure 12 is mutually coordinated by accessory plate configuration variation and photovoltaic panel angle change in showing whole one day One method.Photovoltaic system configuration shown in Figure 12 is positioned at two relative edge (east sides-west of the photovoltaic panel incline direction Side) accessory plate, photovoltaic panel adjusts itself by light-following device.In Figure 12, the different time in a day, photovoltaic panel 101 change angles of inclination to track the sun.Scalable accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 are positioned in the side of inclination of photovoltaic panel 101 To two relative edges, there is same stretching, extension in front of plane where photovoltaic panel, and relative photovoltaic panel have it is same Angle of inclination.The elongation of accessory plate and accessory plate inclination angle adjust according to the change of photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301, to keep away Exempt to produce shade in adjacent solar panels." A "-" D " shows photovoltaic system configuration from noon to dusk gradually in Figure 12 Enter change.The photovoltaic system configuration in the morning can be symmetrical simple mirror image, therefore omit in fig. 12.It is auxiliary with being free of shown in Fig. 5 The conventional photovoltaic system of plate is helped to compare, photovoltaic system shown in Figure 12 has identical maximum photovoltaic panel angle of inclination and identical Spacing between adjacent photovoltaic panel, i.e. system ground coverage rate.Additionally, photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301 phases between shown configuration Matching：In Figure 12 in " A " and Fig. 5 " D ", in Figure 12 in " B " and Fig. 5 " E ", in Figure 12 in " C " and Fig. 5 " F ", in Figure 12 " D " and In Fig. 5 " G ".

Such as in the discussion of background of invention technology segment, needed between the adjacent photovoltaic panel row or array on light-following device There are enough spacing, to avoid photovoltaic panel that the moon is produced on adjacent photovoltaic panel when sun inclination is tracked in one day Shadow.According to photovoltaic system of the invention, accessory plate can not increase what is be spaced between adjacent photovoltaic panel row or array In the case of be positioned in two relative edges of photovoltaic panel on light-following device.As shown in Figures 9 and 10, uniform direct sunlight 11 does not have There are accessory plate 102T, the accessory plate 103T and accessory plate 102, accessory plate 103 that are positioned in two relative edges of photovoltaic panel to be hindered Hinder.Additionally, as shown in Figure 10, stretching, extension and the coordination at angle of inclination by boosting reflector plate with respect to photovoltaic panel, by auxiliary The extra solar radiation light 15 (15R/15RR) for helping plate 103 (103R/103RR) to reflect can be with the whole light underlying surface of uniform fold Plate.Finally, with the gradual change at photovoltaic panel inclination angle in whole daytime, the configuration of accessory plate correspondingly can adjust to keep away Exempt from the shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel.In one embodiment of the invention, at least one it is located at photovoltaic panel side Assistant flat-plate bounced back with the increase at photovoltaic panel inclination angle.In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one Assistant flat-plate reduces relative to the inclination angle of photovoltaic panel with the increase at photovoltaic panel angle of inclination.Of the invention and another In one embodiment, with the increase at photovoltaic panel angle of inclination, at least one auxiliary being positioned at beside photovoltaic panel is put down Plate bounces back and it reduces simultaneously relative to the inclination angle of photovoltaic panel.As shown in figure 12, as accessory plate is before photovoltaic panel The retraction in face, even if the shade on adjacent photovoltaic panel under the obvious photovoltaic panel angle of inclination can also be avoided.

In one embodiment of the invention, two accessory plates of photovoltaic panel opposite sides can match somebody with somebody with identical Put, i.e., photovoltaic panel is symmetrical with reference between.As shown in figure 12, the configuration of accessory plate can be in whole one day with different light Underlying surface plate angle of inclination changes, but can remain that the center vertical plane between the two with respect to solar panel is symmetrical.Keep The balanced configuration of photovoltaic panel opposite side accessory plate can simplify Machine Design and the control program of system.

In another embodiment of the present invention, two accessory plates of relative edge of photovoltaic panel can be used relative to it Between photovoltaic panel asymmetric arrangement." A "-" C " is three kinds of different photovoltaic system configurations in Figure 13, and wherein photovoltaic panel is inclined Angle A301 is identical, and the spacing between photovoltaic panel 101 is that covered ground rate is also identical.Photovoltaic panel 101 inclines for the tracking sun Tiltedly.It is mutually coordinated in the configuration of the accessory plate of the both sides of photovoltaic panel 101, to avoid on adjacent photovoltaic panel/accessory plate Shade.In Figure 13 " A ", " B " shows that accessory plate stretches and the three of angle of inclination kinds of different combinations with " C " in 13 in 13.

" A " shows the balanced configuration of accessory plate 102A and accessory plate 103A relative to photovoltaic panel 101 in Figure 13, also It is that there is accessory plate 102A and accessory plate 103A identical to stretch inclination angle A302A and inclination angle A303A with corresponding accessory plate. By comparison, " B " and " C " shows two accessory plates relative to the asymmetrical configuration of photovoltaic panel 101 in Figure 13.In fig. 13 In photovoltaic system shown in " B ", the accessory plate 102B ratios of left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) right side (photovoltaic panel it is relatively low Side) accessory plate 103B has stretching, extension more long.In fig. 13 in the photovoltaic system shown in " C ", right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) Accessory plate 103C be longer than accessory plate 102C in left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) on the contrary.As described above, by assistant flat-plate The extra sunshine of reflection needs uniform fold photovoltaic panel, for example reduce when accessory plate bounces back it is corresponding relative to The accessory plate inclination angle of photovoltaic panel.Therefore, in fig. 13 in the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " B ", left side (photovoltaic panel compared with High side) accessory plate inclination angle A302B it is bigger than the accessory plate inclination angle A303B of right side (photovoltaic panel compared with downside).Therewith Compare, in fig. 13 in the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " C ", the accessory plate inclination angle of left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) A302C is smaller than the accessory plate inclination angle A303C of right side (photovoltaic panel compared with downside).By contrast, in fig. 13 shown in " A " In balanced configuration, the inclination angle A302A of accessory plate is identical with inclination angle A303A.It is contemplated that, accessory plate inclination angle A302A and Inclination angle A303A is smaller than accessory plate inclination angle A302B and A303C, but bigger than accessory plate angle of inclination A302C and A303B.

Three sets of photovoltaic systems configuration in Figure 13 shown in " A "-" C " has identical covered ground rate, therefore in same soil Photovoltaic panel quantity in ground area is identical.To follow the sun, also there is identical photovoltaic panel to incline for three sets of photovoltaic system configurations Oblique angle, impinges perpendicularly on photovoltaic panel 101 so as to the solar radiation for having same amount is not blocked.In fig. 13 in " A "-" C ", soil Remaining direct solar radiation is by accessory plate 102A and accessory plate 103A in ground area, accessory plate 102B and accessory plate 103B, auxiliary Plate 102C and accessory plate 103C is helped to reflex to photovoltaic panel 101.As a result, accessory plate reflex on photovoltaic panel it is extra too It is also identical in the three photovoltaic systems configuration in Fig. 1 shown in 3 " A "-" C " of the total amount of sun radiation.However, in Figure 13 shown in " A " The configuration of symmetrical accessory plate and Figure 13 in asymmetric accessory plate shown in " B "-" C " configure reflected solar radiation to photovoltaic panel Incidence angle may be different.As described above, the stretching, extension of accessory plate and accessory plate are straight with respect to existing between the angle of inclination of photovoltaic panel Connect corresponding relation.Additionally, there is inverse ratio between the incident angle of accessory plate angle of inclination and solar reflection optical on photovoltaic panel Relation.In the balanced configuration of accessory plate as shown in " A " in Figure 13, the solar radiation of accessory plate 102A and accessory plate 103A reflections Identical, accessory plate inclination angle A302A and inclination angle A303A are also identical, so accessory plate 102A and accessory plate 103A reflections are too Incidence angle of the sunlight on photovoltaic panel 101 is also identical.Match somebody with somebody in the asymmetric of accessory plate as shown in " C " in " B " and 13 in Figure 13 In putting, accessory plate 102B compares the accessory plate in photovoltaic panel opposite side with accessory plate 103C in " C " in Figure 13 in " B " in Figure 13 That is accessory plate 103B is long in " C " in accessory plate 102C and Figure 13 in " B " in Figure 13.Also, in Figure 13 in " B " accessory plate 102B and Accessory plate 103C is also more long than accessory plate 102A in " A " in Figure 13 and accessory plate 103A in " C " in Figure 13.As a result, right therewith Accessory plate inclination angle A303C is more auxiliary than in " A " in Figure 13 in " C " in accessory plate inclination angle A302B and Figure 13 in " B " in the Figure 13 for answering Help plate inclination angle A302A and inclination angle A303A big.Further result of this is that, with balanced configuration accessory plate 102A in " A " in Figure 13 The incidence angle of sunshine reflected with accessory plate 103A is compared, accessory plate in " C " in accessory plate 102B and Figure 13 in " B " in Figure 13 Incidence angle of the sunshine of 103C reflections on photovoltaic panel 101 is smaller.In general, it is extra in the configuration of asymmetric accessory plate The more part of solar radiation reflected by extending accessory plate more long, compared with symmetrical accessory plate is configured, accessory plate reflection Overall incident angle of the sunshine on photovoltaic panel it is smaller.As discussed in background of invention technology segment, in same illumination The efficiency of photovoltaic panel can be the function of solar radiation incident angle under intensity, and such as efficiency of silicon-based photovoltaic panel can be Significantly reduced when incident angle is more than 60 degree.On three kinds of accessory plates configuration photovoltaic panel 101 in Figure 13 shown in " A "-" C " too Positive radiation amount is identical, but the sunshine that accessory plate reflects in the symmetrical arrangements shown in " B "-" C " in fig. 13 is in light The incidence angle of underlying surface plate can be smaller, causes overall light underlying surface plate efficiency higher, is generated electricity so as to reach photovoltaic system higher Amount.

The maximum amount of direct light can be collected on photovoltaic panel according to photovoltaic system of the present invention containing accessory plate.According to this The auxiliary reflector plate of invention can also be in broken sky and fine day by extra scattering light-redirecting to photovoltaic panel.Such as exist Described in background of invention technology segment, scattering light accounts for about the 10% of total solar energy in fine day, and its proportion can be at the cloudy day Dramatically increase.It is with matching somebody with somebody shown in " D " in being similar to Fig. 5 in cloudy photovoltaic panel in the conventional photovoltaic system of configuration light-following device Put and parked with horizontal level, collection of the scattering light on photovoltaic panel is limited to system ground coverage rate.Additionally, most dissipate Penetrate incidence angle of the light on photovoltaic panel very big.The result is that conventional photovoltaic system entirety generated energy is very low in the cloudy day.According to According to photovoltaic system of the present invention containing accessory plate, can be taken similar to the configuration in Figure 12 shown in " A " at the cloudy day.Photovoltaic panel The accessory plate that with horizontal positioned, can be positioned at photovoltaic panel opposite side can be with full extension.Accessory plate can be by additional scattering Light is re-introduced into photovoltaic panel, and reduces overall incident angle.Therefore, the generated energy in cloudy photovoltaic system can be changed It is kind.

Accessory plate configuration in fine day, the present invention predominantly improves direct light adopting on photovoltaic panel to greatest extent Collection.Even so, some extra scattering light still can be re-introduced into photovoltaic panel by accessory plate simultaneously.Additionally, one One of two accessory plates of photovoltaic panel both sides can be in the sun beyond the invisible in a little configurations, and its configuration can be optimized to collect It is the maximum amount of to scatter light to the photovoltaic panel.Figure 14 is configured as showing three.In Figure 14, photovoltaic panel 101 is notable Incline to track the sun, and left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102 be configured as capturing direct light but Shade will not be produced on adjacent photovoltaic panel 101 simultaneously.On the other hand, in fig. 14 in " A "-" C ", right side (light underlying surface The relatively downside of plate) accessory plate 103A, accessory plate 103B, accessory plate 103C entirely fall within the sun respectively beyond the invisible.They can To be configured as reflexing to scattering light on photovoltaic panel 101." A " shows one relative to photovoltaic panel 101 in Figure 14 Symmetrical accessory plate configuration.By comparison, " B "-" C " shows two asymmetric configurations in Figure 14, institute in " B " in wherein Figure 14 Show that accessory plate 103C plates 102 more auxiliary than left side are long shown in " C " in accessory plate 103B and Figure 14.Additionally, right redundant in " C " in Figure 14 Plate 103C be configured in it is vertical with photovoltaic panel 101, substantially to collect scattering light to the photovoltaic panel.

The configuration of accessory plate can change in whole one day in fine day, photovoltaic system of the present invention, collect most Extra scattering light is collected while substantial amounts of direct light.Figure 15 to show and operate institute of the present invention according to several embodiments of the invention State a kind of method of photovoltaic system.In figure, the angle of inclination of photovoltaic panel 101 follows the sun from noon to afternoon and changes, light The stretching, extension of two accessory plates of relative edge of underlying surface plate incline direction and accessory plate angle of inclination accordingly adjust.In Figure 15 " A "：Photovoltaic Panel angle of inclination is zero.There is identical to stretch and accessory plate angle of inclination for accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103.In Figure 15 “B”：The angle of inclination A301B of photovoltaic panel increases, the stretching, extension of left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102 and corresponding Accessory plate inclination angle A302 is not changed in.Meanwhile, a part of 103B1 of right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate is in the sun In sight line, the remainder 103B2 of right side accessory plate falls in the sun beyond the invisible, and accessory plate inclination angle A303B accordingly subtracts It is small.In Figure 15 " C "：The inclination angle A301C of photovoltaic panel continues to increase, left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102 Stretch and corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A302 is not changed in.Meanwhile, right side (photovoltaic panel compared with downside) accessory plate 103C is complete Fall in the sun entirely beyond the invisible, scattering light is re-introduced into photovoltaic panel 101.In Figure 15 " D "：Photovoltaic panel angle of inclination A301D further increases.To avoid the shade in adjacent photovoltaic panel, left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102D Retraction, accessory plate inclination angle A302D is accordingly reduced.Right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 103D is still in sun sight line Outside, scattering light is re-introduced into photovoltaic panel 101.In Figure 15 " E "：The photovoltaic panel that photovoltaic panel 101 reaches maximum inclines Rake angle A301E.The accessory plate of the upper side (left side) of photovoltaic panel is fully retracted.Relatively downside (right side) auxiliary of photovoltaic panel Scattering light beyond the invisible, is re-introduced into photovoltaic panel 101 by plate 103E still in the sun.Further, such as " A " institute in Figure 15 Show, it can be envisaged that photovoltaic timing panel 101 and ground level at noon, accessory plate 102, accessory plate 103 are positioned at photovoltaic panel 101 opposite sides and balanced configuration.The accessory plate 102 and accessory plate 103 of full extension are under sun direct irradiation, and reflection is straight Penetrate light and scattering light to photovoltaic panel 101." B " middle beginning is inclined whole photovoltaic system to the right in fig .15.Of the invention In one embodiment, left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102 keeps maximum extension.The whole length of accessory plate 102 Degree is maintained under sun direct irradiation, and is not changed in relative to the accessory plate inclination angle A302 of photovoltaic panel 101 accordingly. Simultaneously, although also keep full extension, accessory plate only a fraction 103B1 in the accessory plate of the relatively downside (right side) of photovoltaic panel In sun sight line.The remainder 103B2 of right side accessory plate falls in the sun beyond the invisible, but can be by some scattered light again It is directed to photovoltaic panel 101.With the reduction of right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate length under sun direct irradiation, The corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303B relative to photovoltaic panel 101 reduces to maintain reflection direct light on photovoltaic panel 101 Uniform fold.Until the inclined transition angle A 301C of photovoltaic panel as shown in " C " in Figure 15, left side (light underlying surface The upper side of plate) 102 accessory plates can keep stretching and the accessory plate inclination angle of corresponding photovoltaic panel can keep constant.Such as In Figure 15 shown in " C ", when photovoltaic panel inclination angle reaches transition angle A 301C, right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) auxiliary Plate 103C entirely falls within the sun beyond the invisible.After photovoltaic panel inclination angle exceedes transition angle A 301C, as photovoltaic panel inclines The further increase at oblique angle, it is necessary to be gradually retracted in the accessory plate in photovoltaic panel upper side (left side), to prevent in adjacent photovoltaic Shade on panel.As shown in " D " in Figure 15, with the reduction that left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102D stretches, Accessory plate inclination angle A302D also accordingly reduces.As shown in " E " in Figure 15, in maximum photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301E time underlying surfaces The accessory plate of the upper side (left side) of plate can be fully retracted.Meanwhile, such as shown in Figure 15 " C "-" E ", once photovoltaic panel is inclined Angle meets and exceeds the transition angle A 301C as shown in " C " in Figure 15, the accessory plate of right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) 103C, accessory plate 103D, accessory plate 103E completely in the sun beyond the invisible.In fig .15 in " C "-" E ", in order to greatest extent To on photovoltaic panel 101, right side accessory plate 103C, accessory plate 103D, accessory plate 103E's collection of scattered light full extension and can hang down Directly set in the photovoltaic panel 101.

Figure 16 shows another method that photovoltaic system of the present invention is operated according to several embodiments of the invention.Class It is similar to shown in Figure 15, photovoltaic panel 101 follows the sun to incline from noon to the dusk in figure 16.In Figure 16, photovoltaic panel two The stretching, extension of relative edge's accessory plate and accessory plate angle of inclination accordingly adjust.In Figure 16 " A "：Photovoltaic panel angle of inclination is zero.It is auxiliary There is identical to stretch and accessory plate angle of inclination to help plate 102 and accessory plate 103.In Figure 16 " B "：The inclination angle of photovoltaic panel A301B increases, and the stretching, extension of right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 103 and corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303 do not become Change.To avoid the shade in adjacent photovoltaic panel, left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102B from bouncing back, and Accessory plate inclination angle A302B accordingly reduces.In Figure 16 " C "：Photovoltaic panel inclination angle reaches transition angle A 301C, right side (photovoltaic The relatively downside of panel) accessory plate 103 stretching, extension and corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303 be not changed in, left side be (photovoltaic panel Upper side) accessory plate is fully retracted.In Figure 15 " D "：Photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301D further increases.Right side be (photovoltaic panel Compared with downside) in sun sight line, the remainder 103D2 of accessory plate falls in the sun beyond the invisible for a part of 103D1 of accessory plate, And accessory plate inclination angle A303D accordingly reduces.Left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102D is bounced back, and accessory plate is inclined Angle A302D is accordingly reduced.Left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate is fully retracted.In Figure 16 " E "：Photovoltaic panel 101 reaches To maximum photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301E.Right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 103E entirely falls within sun sight line Outside, scattering light is re-introduced into photovoltaic panel 101.Left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate is fully retracted.Additionally, Photovoltaic system shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16 has identical covered ground ratio, and the inclination angle of photovoltaic panel is shown in the figure Photovoltaic system configuration between it is identical, such as in Figure 15 in " A " and Figure 16 " A ", in Figure 15 in " B " and Figure 16 " B ", in Figure 15 " C " With " C " in Figure 16, in Figure 15 in " D " and Figure 16 " D ", in Figure 15 in " E " and Figure 16 " E ".At same photovoltaic panel angle of inclination Under, accessory plate configuration was zero (noon, in Figure 15 in " A " and Figure 16 " A ") at photovoltaic panel angle of inclination in Figure 15 and 16 It is identical during with maximum photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301E (" E " and " E " in Figure 16 in Figure 15).However, working as photovoltaic panel inclination angle Degree therebetween when, Figure 15 is different with accessory plate configuration in Figure 16, " B ", Tu15Zhong in " B " and Figure 16 in respectively Figure 15 In " C " and Figure 15 " C ", " D " of " D " and Figure 16 in Figure 15.As shown in " A " in Figure 16, photovoltaic timing panel 101 two at noon The accessory plate 102 of relative edge, the full extension of accessory plate 103.In figure 16 in the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " B ", photovoltaic panel 101 It is tilted to the right to track the sun, and right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 103 keeps being fully extended.Additionally, corresponding Accessory plate inclination angle (relative to photovoltaic panel) A303 be not changed in.Meanwhile, left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102B bounces back, and left redundant plate inclination angle A302B accordingly reduces.In figure 16 in the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " C ", work as photovoltaic panel Relatively downside (right side) accessory plate stretching, extension and during constant corresponding accessory plate inclination angle, reach transition at photovoltaic panel inclination angle During angle A 301C, the accessory plate of photovoltaic panel upper side (left side) is fully retracted.Photovoltaic panel inclination angle A301D is in figure 16 Further increase in photovoltaic system configuration shown in " D ".The accessory plate of photovoltaic panel upper side (left side) is still fully retracted, While the accessory plate still full extension of the relatively downside (right side) of photovoltaic panel, but only some 103D1 is in sun direct projection Under, remainder 103D2 falls beyond sun sight line.Corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303D reduces to maintain sun direct projection The direct sunlight uniform fold of lower part 103D1 reflections is on photovoltaic panel 101.

The photovoltaic system configuration compared shown in Figure 16 and Figure 15 is beneficial.Matching somebody with somebody shown in " B " in " B " and 16 in fig .15 In putting, right side in " B " in (upper side of the photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102 and Figure 16 of left side in " B " in Figure 15 (photovoltaic panel compared with Downside) accessory plate 103 has identical to stretch.In Figure 15 in " B " corresponding accessory plate angle of inclination A302 also with " B " in Figure 16 in Corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303 is identical.In addition, " B " middle right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate is in the sun in Figure 15 There is left side (upper side of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate 102B identical to stretch in " B " in part 103B1 and Figure 16 under sight line.Figure In 15 in " B " corresponding accessory plate inclination angle A303B also accessory plate inclination angle A302B corresponding with " B " in Figure 16 is identical.Its As a result, photovoltaic system shown in " B " configures direct sunlight total amount and incidence on photovoltaic panel in " B " and Figure 16 in Figure 15 Angle is all identical.Meanwhile, there are some differences between the photovoltaic system configuration in Figure 15 in " B " and Figure 16 shown in " B ".Compared to it Under, right side (the relatively downside of photovoltaic panel) accessory plate has in the sun beyond the invisible in the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " B " in Figure 15 Extra length 103B2, such that it is able to will scattering light be re-introduced into photovoltaic panel 101.On the other hand, in Figure 16 shown in " B " The stretching, extension of upper side (left side) accessory plate of photovoltaic panel is shorter in photovoltaic system configuration, thus with relatively low system altitude and Potential less system wind load.

In a similar way, the photovoltaic system in " C " in Figure 16-" D " and Figure 15 shown in " C "-" D " can be configured difference It is compared.Equally, under identical photovoltaic panel angle of inclination, corresponding photovoltaic system configuration is in photovoltaic shown in Figure 15 and 16 The direct sunlight amount and incident angle that panel 101 is collected are all identical.However, the photovoltaic system in Figure 16 shown in " C "-" D " Configuration can have lower system altitude than the photovoltaic system configuration shown in " C " in Figure 15-" D " respectively.On the other hand, scheme The configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " C "-" D " can be collected more than the configuration of photovoltaic system shown in " C " in Figure 16-" D " respectively in 15 Many scattering light is to photovoltaic panel 101.

Claims

1. a kind of photovoltaic apparatus, it is characterised in that including：

At least two accessory plates, the position of one of them the first accessory plate is positioned adjacent to a side and of the photovoltaic panel Individual second accessory plate is positioned adjacent to another relative edge of the photovoltaic panel, and the accessory plate without prejudice to is to the sun Direct light is irradiated to the front side of photovoltaic panel, and extra solar radiation can be directed to the front side of the photovoltaic panel；

2. photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first mechanism adjusts photovoltaic in the two directions The angle of inclination of panel.

3. photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that accessory plate described at least one be it is substantially planar, And reflect the extra solar radiation to the photovoltaic panel.

4. photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that accessory plate described at least one is not received when generating electricity Diffusion light of the sun is still oriented to the photovoltaic panel by any direct sunlight.

5. photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first of accessory plate described at least one when generating electricity Under sun direct projection, Part II does not receive any direct sunlight but diffusion light of the sun is oriented into the smooth underlying surface for part Plate.

6. photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that accessory plate described at least one be it is substantially planar, And second mechanism further adjusts angle of inclination of the accessory plate relative to the photovoltaic panel, wherein when described auxiliary The inclination angle for helping plate to be basically parallel to the accessory plate during photovoltaic panel is 0 degree, when the accessory plate is basically perpendicular to institute The inclination angle of accessory plate during photovoltaic panel is stated for 90 degree, and the substantially planar accessory plate inclines wherein in generating Oblique angle is between 45 degree and 90 degree.

7. a kind of photovoltaic apparatus, it is characterised in that including：

At least two substantially planar accessory plates, the position of one of them the first accessory plate is positioned adjacent to the photovoltaic panel One side and second accessory plate are positioned adjacent to another relative edge of the photovoltaic panel, and the accessory plate is not Direct sunlight is hindered to be irradiated to the front side of photovoltaic panel and extra solar radiation can be directed into the photovoltaic panel Front side；

One the second mechanism, for adjusting, the accessory plate is stretched relative to the front side of the photovoltaic panel or retraction can simultaneously be adjusted The inclination angle of the accessory plate, wherein when the accessory plate is basically parallel to the photovoltaic panel accessory plate inclination angle It is 0 degree, the inclination angle of the accessory plate is 90 degree when the accessory plate is basically perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel, and is generating electricity The inclination angle of Shi Suoshu substantially planar accessory plate is between 45 degree and 90 degree.

It is 8. a kind of that method of the solar radiation with generating electricity is captured on the photovoltaic apparatus described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that Including：

One or more substantially planar photovoltaic panels are inclined towards the sun, wherein each photovoltaic panel includes front side, rear side With at least two relative edges, wherein front side is side of the photovoltaic panel towards the sun, rear side be the front side back to side, and And the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is 0 degree when the photovoltaic panel is basically parallel to ground, when the photovoltaic panel is basic The inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is 90 degree during perpendicular to ground；Also,

Extra solar radiation is oriented to the multiple accessory plates of adjustment the front side of photovoltaic panel, wherein at least one the first accessory plate quilt A side of the photovoltaic panel is located close to, second accessory plate is positioned adjacent to another phase of the photovoltaic panel Opposite side, and to the accessory plate relative to the regulation for being extended or being bounced back on front side of the photovoltaic panel so that it is described Extra flux of the solar radiation in the front side of the photovoltaic panel is substantially uniform.

9. it is according to claim 8 that method of the solar radiation with generating electricity is captured on photovoltaic panel, it is characterised in that bag Include：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；

Bounced back relative to the front side of the photovoltaic panel when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel increases and aided in described at least one Plate.

10. it is according to claim 8 that method of the solar radiation with generating electricity is captured on photovoltaic panel, it is characterised in that bag Include：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；Also,

11. methods for capturing solar radiation on photovoltaic panel and generating electricity according to claim 8, it is characterised in that bag Include：

Adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel；Also,

Reduce the inclination angle of the substantially planar accessory plate and relative to institute when the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel increases State the front side retraction substantially planar accessory plate of photovoltaic panel.

A kind of 12. methods for capturing solar radiation on the photovoltaic apparatus described in claim 1 or 7 and generating electricity, it is characterised in that Including：

One substantially planar photovoltaic panel is inclined towards the sun；

The inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is 0 degree wherein when the photovoltaic panel is basically parallel to ground, when the smooth underlying surface The inclination angle that plate is basically perpendicular to photovoltaic panel during ground is 90 degree；Also,

Wherein each photovoltaic panel includes front side, rear side and at least two relative edges, in the photovoltaic panel in two relative edges Inclination angle be more than 0 degree when one first while higher than one second while；

Sunlight is in the front side of the photovoltaic panel；

Multiple substantially planar accessory plates are placed, extra solar radiation is oriented to the front side of the photovoltaic panel；Wherein,

Each described substantially planar accessory plate is placed on an inclination angle, wherein described in being basically parallel to when the accessory plate The inclination angle of the accessory plate is 0 degree during photovoltaic panel, described auxiliary when the accessory plate is basically perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel The inclination angle for helping plate is 90 degree；

The substantially planar accessory plate is adjusted to be extended or bounced back relative on front side of the photovoltaic panel.

13. methods for capturing solar radiation on photovoltaic panel and generating electricity according to claim 12, it is characterised in that bag Include：

There is individual transition angle at the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel between one maximum angle of zero-sum；Wherein maximum angular is less than 70 degree And transition angle is between 10 degree and 55 degree；

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted between zero-sum transition angle, with the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel Increase the inclination angle for reducing first accessory plate；Also,

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted between transition angle and maximum angle, with inclining for the photovoltaic panel Increase retraction second accessory plate at oblique angle.

14. methods for capturing solar radiation on photovoltaic panel and generating electricity according to claim 12, it is characterised in that bag Include：

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted between zero-sum transition angle, with the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel Increase retraction first accessory plate；Also,

When the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted between transition angle and maximum angle, with inclining for the photovoltaic panel The increase at oblique angle reduces the inclination angle of second accessory plate.