CN106773077A - A kind of array beam splitting method and system based on liquid crystal phase control act - Google Patents
A kind of array beam splitting method and system based on liquid crystal phase control act Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act and system, the method following steps：Every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in Darman raster is obtained using iterative computing method according to phase coefficient, the optimum phase according to every line of rabbet joint is worth to Darman raster phase diaphragm；Darman raster phase diaphragm is loaded into spatial light modulator；When laser is by being modulated into N × N beam laser after spatial light modulator.The present invention optimizes the phase distribution of Darman raster using iterative computing method, in the case where the setting of spatial light modulator hardware parameter is not changed, make full use of and excavated the advantage of spatial light modulator, preferably avoid its defect simultaneously, according to the technical parameter of existing space optical modulator, simulation and design of Simulation grating, calculate light distribution, produce the optical arrays with peak value light intensity and intensity gradient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to three-dimensional laser imaging field, more particularly to a kind of array beam splitting side based on liquid crystal phase control act
Method and system.
Background technology
Optical beam-splitter is for producing one in optical computer, image procossing, fiber optic communication and optical information processing system
A kind of important optical element of dimension or two-dimentional equal strength laser beam array.High-quality beam splitter can also be used for providing signal transmission
Carrier, uses in the optical information processing system of the input of multichannel light or output as interconnection element, and common beam splitter has micro-
Lens array beam splitter, Holographic Beam Splitter etc..
The beginning of the seventies Dammann propose it is a kind of with not equidistantly, the cycle repeat binary phase grat named
It is Dammann gratings, light beam is divided into by diffraction by equicohesive multi-beam.Then in order that optical element is integrated, people
Made the binary optical splitter with dichroism, such as Dammann gratings, the element can be directly realized by peak value work(
The light intensity array distribution of rate.
The preparation of grating can utilize reactive ion etching method or wet chemistry method.Wet chemistry method process is simple, it is with low cost,
But its etching depth is difficult to precise control, and lateral erosion is serious, is difficult to realize degree of precision.Can be real using reactive ion etching method
Existing etching precision very high, but it needs specialized equipment, and technique is complex thus relatively costly.Prepared based on both the above
Method, in recent years, there has been proposed making diffraction optical element with computer hologram and LCD space light modulator and produce
Raw array beams, the most significant advantage of LCD space light modulator is can be conveniently adjusted phase, and the electric light according to liquid crystal is special
Property, controlled by computer hologram plus voltage signal on each pixel, the phase that incident beam is put at this can be adjusted
Position, easily obtains diffraction optical element, and in this case, we use the phase diaphragm of computer manufacture array beam splitting light
Grating, beam phase is modulated using LCD space light modulator, produces the light of array beam splitting.
The content of the invention
In order to realize the array light splitting of flexibility and changeability, the invention provides a kind of array based on liquid crystal phase control act point
Beam method and system.
The array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
Every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in Darman raster is obtained using iterative computing method according to phase coefficient, according to every
The optimum phase of the line of rabbet joint is worth to Darman raster phase diaphragm；
The Darman raster phase diaphragm is loaded into spatial light modulator；
When laser is by being modulated into N × N beam laser after the spatial light modulator.
The array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act that the present invention is provided, including laser, Darman raster phase
Diaphragm and spatial light modulator；
The Darman raster phase diaphragm is carried in the spatial light modulator, and the laser that the laser is produced passes through
N × N beam laser is modulated into after the spatial light modulator.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that：
The embodiment of the present invention optimizes the phase distribution of Darman raster using iterative computing method, is not changing spatial light modulator
In the case that hardware parameter is set, the advantage of spatial light modulator is made full use of and has excavated, while preferably avoid its defect,
According to the technical parameter of existing space optical modulator, simulate and design of Simulation grating, calculate light distribution, producing has peak value
The optical arrays of light intensity and intensity gradient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act of the inventive method embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the phase diaphragm of 5 × 5 arrays and the array beams of generation；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act of apparatus of the present invention embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of emission array light beam and the coaxial alignment system of pick-up probe array element；
Wherein, 1, emission system laser；2nd, Darman raster phase diaphragm；3rd, spatial light modulator；4th, device is expanded；5、
Reception system lighting source；6th, APD array；7th, Amici prism；8th, camera lens is received；9th, concave mirror；10th, speckle analysis instrument.
Specific embodiment
The exemplary embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in accompanying drawing
Exemplary embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be by embodiments set forth here
Limited.Conversely, there is provided these embodiments are able to be best understood from the disclosure, and can be by the scope of the present disclosure
Complete conveys to those skilled in the art.
In order to realize the array light splitting of flexibility and changeability, the invention provides a kind of array based on liquid crystal phase control act point
Beam method and device, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that herein
Described specific embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, does not limit of the invention.
The method according to the invention embodiment, there is provided a kind of array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act, Fig. 1
It is the flow chart of the array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act of the inventive method embodiment, as shown in figure 1, according to this
The array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act of inventive method embodiment includes following treatment：
Step 101, every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient using iterative computing method,
Optimum phase according to every line of rabbet joint is worth to Darman raster phase diaphragm.
Step 101 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1：The amplitude transmittance function of the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, to the amplitude transmittance letter
Number carries out series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient；
Step 2：Diffraction efficiency and the uniformity are obtained according to the Fourier coefficient；
Step 3：If the diffraction efficiency and the uniformity are satisfied by pre-conditioned, institute is obtained according to the phase coefficient
Every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in Darman raster；
Step 4：If one of the diffraction efficiency and uniformity be unsatisfactory for it is pre-conditioned, according to the Fourier coefficient
Obtain the phase coefficient of next iteration, return to step 1.
When the Darman raster is one-dimensional 1 × N array grating, the cycle on x dimension that sets is 1, and each cycle is divided into p bars etc.
The line of rabbet joint of width, when the phase value in every bar groove is identical；
The amplitude transmittance function that the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, to the amplitude transmittance function
Series expansion is carried out, Fourier coefficient is obtained and is comprised the following steps：
(1) using phase coefficient αj,l, obtain the amplitude transmittance function g of iteration jT,j(x)
In equation 1, αj,lPhase coefficient of the l-th line of rabbet joint in iteration j is represented, L is variable, represent the from the 1st to the
The p line of rabbet joint, the phase coefficient of p bar line of rabbet joint iteration js is respectively 0, αj2,…,αj(p-1)}；Rect represents rectangular function；T is institute
State the cycle of 1 × N row Darman rasters；I represents plural number；X is expressed as the one-dimensional coordinate of plane where 1 × N row Darman raster；
(2) to the gT,jX () carries out series expansion, obtain Fourier coefficientIts
In, n is variable, represents discrete Fourier series number, and value is from negative infinite to just infinite.
When the Darman raster is one-dimensional 1 × N array grating, the cycle on x dimension that sets is 1, and each cycle is divided into p bars etc.
The line of rabbet joint of width, when the phase value in every bar groove is identical, obtaining diffraction efficiency and the uniformity according to the Fourier coefficient includes
Following steps：
(1), according to the Fourier coefficient an,j, useful order of diffraction coefficient a is obtained when n takes n 'n’,j, using an’,j
The diffraction efficiency and useful order of diffraction light intensity I of iteration j are obtained by formula 2n’,j；
In formula 2, n ' represents the level of the useful order of diffraction；
(2), according to the useful order of diffraction light intensity In’,jUniformity Uni is obtained using formula 3；
In equation 3, max (In’,j) represent iteration j after produce the useful order of diffraction peak-peak light intensity, min
(In’,j) represent iteration j after produce the useful order of diffraction minimum peak light intensity.
In the present invention, the light intensity sum/incident field overall strength of diffraction efficiency=effective order of diffraction, and incident field is total
Intensity settings=1, therefore diffraction efficiency is expressed as the light intensity sum of effective order of diffraction.
When the Darman raster is one-dimensional 1 × N array grating, the cycle on x dimension that sets is 1, and each cycle is divided into p bars etc.
The line of rabbet joint of width, when the phase value in every bar groove is identical, the phase that next iteration is obtained according to the Fourier coefficient
Coefficient is comprised the following steps：
(1) by the Fourier coefficient an,jIt is divided into useful order of diffraction coefficient an’,jWith noise order of diffraction coefficient ε an,j；
(2) according to an’,jWith ε an,j, mixed function G is obtained using formula 2j(x)；
In formula 4, S represents set parameter value in iterative process；N represents beam array number；0 ＜ ε ＜ 1；
(3), according to the GjX () obtainsAccording to describedObtain down
The phase coefficient α of an iterationj+1,l。
The phase coefficient of specific next iteration
When the Darman raster is two-dimentional N × N array, if x directions and y directions have in same period, and each cycle
There are the p bar lines of rabbet joint, grating initial phase coefficient is α b0When；
The amplitude transmittance function that the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, to the amplitude transmittance function
Series expansion is carried out, Fourier coefficient is obtained and is comprised the following steps：
(1) using phase coefficient α blx,ly,jThe Darman raster amplitude transmittance function g is obtained by formula 5T,j(x,
y)；
In formula 5, α blx,ly,jRepresent x direction lxIt is individual, y directions lyPhase of the individual array geosynclinal block in iteration j
Coefficient, lxAnd lyIt is variable, represents the geosynclinal block from the 1 to p-th cycle；Rect represents rectangular function；T is that N × N row reach
The cycle of graceful grating；I represents plural number；X, y are expressed as the two-dimensional coordinate of plane where N × N row Darman raster；
(2), to the gT,j(x, y) carries out series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient
Wherein, nx, nyTable
Show discrete Fourier series number.
When the Darman raster is two-dimentional N × N array, if x directions and y directions have in same period, and each cycle
There are p bar grooves, grating initial phase coefficient is α b0When, obtaining diffraction efficiency and the uniformity according to the Fourier coefficient includes
Following steps：
(1) according to the Fourier coefficientWork as nx=nx’, ny=ny’When obtain useful order of diffraction coefficientAccording to describedThe diffraction efficiency and useful order of diffraction light intensity of iteration j are obtained using formula 6
In formula 6, nx’, ny’Represent the level of the useful order of diffraction；
(2) according to the useful order of diffraction light intensityUniformity Uni is obtained using formula 7；
In formula 7,The peak-peak light intensity of the useful order of diffraction produced after iteration j is represented,Represent the minimum peak light intensity of the useful order of diffraction produced after iteration j.
When the Darman raster is two-dimentional N × N array, if x directions and y directions have in same period, and each cycle
There are p bar grooves, grating initial phase coefficient is ab0When, the phase coefficient of next iteration is obtained according to the Fourier coefficient
Comprise the following steps：
(1) by the Fourier coefficientIt is divided into useful order of diffraction coefficientWith noise order of diffraction coefficient
(2) according to describedWithMixed function G is obtained using formula 8j(x,y):
In formula 8, S represents set parameter value in iterative process；N represents beam array number；0 ＜ ε ＜ 1；
(3), according to the Gj(x, y) is obtainedAccording to described
Obtain the phase coefficient of next iteration
Specifically, the phase coefficient of next iteration
No matter when the Darman raster is one-dimensional 1 × N row grating, the cycle on x dimension that sets is 1, and each cycle is divided into p bars
The line of rabbet joint of equal in width, when the phase value in every bar groove is identical, or when the Darman raster is two-dimentional N × N array, if x directions
Having with y directions has p bar grooves in same period, and each cycle, grating initial phase coefficient is α b0When, according to phase system
The optimum phase value that number obtains every line of rabbet joint in Darman raster is comprised the following steps：According to certain iteration (diffraction efficiency and
The uniformity is satisfied by pre-conditioned) phase coefficient α bjBy φ=α bjπ obtains every line of rabbet joint in 1 × N row Darman raster
Optimum phase value.
Compared to the beam-splitting method of traditional optical glass lens, the embodiment of the present invention can make full use of liquid crystal spatial light to adjust
The characteristic of device flexibility and changeability processed, calculates the phase diaphragm of Darman raster first, and phase diaphragm is worked out by computer programming
Picture, spatial light modulator is loaded into by picture, can according to demand produce the phase diaphragm of N × N array, realizes N × N array
Laser beam splitter.In actual light path, shoot laser is irradiated in liquid crystal surface, and phase picture is loaded in liquid crystal surface, is passed through
The light beam of liquid crystal panel reflection realizes array N × N light splitting because of the modulation of phase, when needing to change array number, only needs
Realized by loading the phase picture that an other width is calculated, the adjustment that whole process need not be mechanical, it is only necessary to calculated
With the control of software, flexibly it is adjustable, largely reduce using multiple fixed diffraction light-splitting devices tested into
This, many array beam splitting performances of laser are improved larger contribution.
Step 102, the Darman raster phase diaphragm is loaded into spatial light modulator.
Specifically, Darman raster diaphragm is placed the control software for opening spatial light modulator on computers, in software
Opening phase diaphragm picture, the switch of unlatching software, the position that adjustment phase place diaphragm position to laser is irradiated, and by software control
Make the overall angle of divergence of the N × N row beam laser beams penetrated.
Step 103, when laser is by being modulated into N × N beam laser after the spatial light modulator.
Preferably, from the light beam of laser emitting, by after beam-expanding collimation lens barrel, being irradiated in spatial light modulator, warp
After ovennodulation, projected from modulator, be irradiated to distant object.
Apparatus according to the invention embodiment, there is provided a kind of array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act, Fig. 3
It is the structural representation of the array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act of apparatus of the present invention embodiment, as described in Figure 3, is based on
The array beam splitting system of liquid crystal phase control act, including：Laser 1, Darman raster phase diaphragm 2 and spatial light modulator 3；
The Darman raster phase diaphragm 2 is carried in the spatial light modulator 3, the laser that the laser 1 is produced
By being modulated into N × N beam laser after the spatial light modulator 3.
Preferably, the array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act also include be located at the laser with it is described
Device 4 is expanded between spatial light modulator；
It is described to expand device 4, for carrying out expanding treatment to the laser that the laser is produced, so that the laser beam
Spatial light modulator described in uniform fold.
In order to ensure transmitting laser is coaxial with pick-up probe, we insert prism in detector and between receiving lens barrel,
Detector is illuminated by beam of laser so that the laser that the light beam reflected through detector is launched with emission system is same in light path
Axle, so as to realize that transmitting is coaxial with reception system, during regulation, uses coaxial alignment system as shown in Figure 4, it is ensured that hair
The array beams penetrated fall in the detector array element for receiving just through target reflection echo.As shown in figure 4, launch in emission system
N × N beam laser beams are irradiated to the concave mirror of distant place, and in the reception system of upper end, by Amici prism 7, lighting source illuminates APD
Each array element of array 6, the light beam reflected by each array element is mapped on concave mirror 9, and emission system and reception system are distinguished
The light beam of transmitting, in the focal plane imaging of concave mirror 9, the beam of 10 observable of speckle analysis instrument two is placed in focal plane after the reflection of concave mirror 9
The distribution situation of array beams, hot spot is regarded as distribution situation of the light beam in infinity at focal plane, by speckle analysis instrument
Observation, then reception lens barrel and APD pitching orientation are adjusted, be capable of achieving array beams and corresponded with the picture of APD array elements, that is, complete
Emission array light beam is coaxial with pick-up probe array element.
Array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act provided in an embodiment of the present invention can realize 5 × 5,7 × 7 grades not
With the beam splitting of array, the angle of divergence of array beams is can control, the element number of array according to detector easily and flexibly adjusts array light
Beam number, the launch scenario of array beam splitting can make full use of beam energy, realize transmitting light beam through the anti-of target in higher efficiency
Be emitted back towards wave energy and revert to corresponding detector element position, it is to avoid energy dissipation such that it is able to very well improve system effectiveness and
Operating distance.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All any modifications within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made,
Equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of array beam splitting method based on liquid crystal phase control act, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in Darman raster is obtained using iterative computing method according to phase coefficient, according to every line of rabbet joint
Optimum phase be worth to Darman raster phase diaphragm；
The Darman raster phase diaphragm is loaded into spatial light modulator；
When laser is by being modulated into N × N beam laser after the spatial light modulator.
2. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described according to phase
Potential coefficient specifically includes following steps using the optimum phase value that iterative computing method obtains every line of rabbet joint in Darman raster：
Step 1：The amplitude transmittance function of the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, the amplitude transmittance function is entered
Row series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient；
Step 2：Diffraction efficiency and the uniformity are obtained according to the Fourier coefficient；
Step 3：If the diffraction efficiency and the uniformity are satisfied by pre-conditioned, institute's Dammam is obtained according to the phase coefficient
Every optimum phase value of the line of rabbet joint in grating；
Step 4：If one of the diffraction efficiency and uniformity are unsatisfactory for pre-conditioned, obtained according to the Fourier coefficient
The phase coefficient of next iteration, return to step 1.
3. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that when the Dammam
Grating is one-dimensional 1 × N array grating, and the cycle on x dimension that sets is 1, and each cycle is divided into the line of rabbet joint of p bar equal in widths, per bar groove
When interior phase value is identical；
The amplitude transmittance function that the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, is carried out to the amplitude transmittance function
Series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient and comprises the following steps：
(1) using phase coefficient αj,l, obtain the amplitude transmittance function g of iteration jT,j(x)
In equation 1, αj,lPhase coefficient of the l-th line of rabbet joint in iteration j is represented, L is variable, represented from the 1 to p-th
The line of rabbet joint, the phase coefficient of p bar line of rabbet joint iteration js is respectively 0, αj2,…,αj(p-1)；Rect represents rectangular function；T is described 1
The cycle of × N row Darman rasters；I represents plural number；X is expressed as the one-dimensional coordinate of plane where 1 × N row Darman raster；
(2) to the gT,jX () carries out series expansion, obtain Fourier coefficient
Wherein, n is variable, represents discrete Fourier series number, and value is from negative infinite to just infinite.
4. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that according to Fu
In leaf system number obtain diffraction efficiency and the uniformity is comprised the following steps：
(1), according to the Fourier coefficient an,j, useful order of diffraction coefficient a is obtained when n takes n 'n’,j, using an’,jPass through
Formula 2 obtains the diffraction efficiency and useful order of diffraction light intensity I of iteration jn’,j；
In formula 2, n ' represents the level of the useful order of diffraction；
(2), according to the useful order of diffraction light intensity In’,jUniformity Uni is obtained using formula 3；
In equation 3, max (In’,j) represent iteration j after produce the useful order of diffraction peak-peak light intensity, min (In’,j)
Represent the minimum peak light intensity of the useful order of diffraction produced after iteration j.
5. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described according to institute
State Fourier coefficient and obtain the phase coefficient of next iteration and comprise the following steps：
(1) by the Fourier coefficient an,jIt is divided into useful order of diffraction coefficient an’,jWith noise order of diffraction coefficient ε an,j；
(2) according to an’,jWith ε an,j, mixed function G is obtained using formula 2j(x)；
In formula 4, S represents set parameter value in iterative process；N represents beam array number；0 ＜ ε ＜ 1；
(3), according to the GjX () obtainsAccording to describedObtain next time
The phase coefficient α of iterationj+1,l。
6. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：
When the Darman raster is two-dimentional N × N array, if x directions and y directions have in same period, and each cycle p
The bar line of rabbet joint, grating initial phase coefficient is α b0When；
The amplitude transmittance function that the Darman raster is obtained according to phase coefficient, is carried out to the amplitude transmittance function
Series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient and comprises the following steps：
(1) using phase coefficient α blx,ly,jThe Darman raster amplitude transmittance function g is obtained by formula 5T,j(x,y)；
In formula 5, α blx,ly,jRepresent x direction lxIt is individual, y directions lyIndividual array geosynclinal block iteration j phase coefficient,
lxAnd lyIt is variable, represents the geosynclinal block from the 1 to p-th cycle；Rect represents rectangular function；T is N × N row Darman raster
Cycle；I represents plural number；X, y are expressed as the two-dimensional coordinate of plane where N × N row Darman raster；
(2), to the gT,j(x, y) carries out series expansion, obtains Fourier coefficient
Wherein, nx, nyRepresent discrete Fourier series number.
7. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that according to Fu
In leaf system number obtain diffraction efficiency and the uniformity is comprised the following steps：
(1) according to the Fourier coefficientWork as nx=nx’, ny=ny’When obtain useful order of diffraction coefficient
According to describedThe diffraction efficiency and useful order of diffraction light intensity of iteration j are obtained using formula 6
In formula 6, nx’, ny’Represent the level of the useful order of diffraction；
(2) according to the useful order of diffraction light intensityUniformity Uni is obtained using formula 7；
In formula 7,The peak-peak light intensity of the useful order of diffraction produced after iteration j is represented,Represent the minimum peak light intensity of the useful order of diffraction produced after iteration j.
8. the array beam splitting method of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that according to Fu
In leaf system number obtain the phase coefficient of next iteration and comprise the following steps：
(1) by the Fourier coefficientIt is divided into useful order of diffraction coefficientWith noise order of diffraction coefficient
(2) according to describedWithMixed function G is obtained using formula 8j(x,y):
In formula 8, S represents set parameter value in iterative process；N represents beam array number；0 ＜ ε ＜ 1；
(3), according to the Gj(x, y) is obtainedAccording to described
Obtain the phase coefficient of next iteration
9. a kind of array beam splitting system based on liquid crystal phase control act, it is characterised in that including：Laser, Darman raster phase
Position diaphragm and spatial light modulator；
The Darman raster phase diaphragm is carried in the spatial light modulator, and the laser that the laser is produced is by described
N × N beam laser is modulated into after spatial light modulator.
10. the array beam splitting system of liquid crystal phase control act is based on as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that also including position
Device is expanded between the laser and the spatial light modulator；
It is described to expand device, for carrying out expanding treatment to the laser that the laser is produced, so that the laser beam is uniform
Cover the spatial light modulator.
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