CN106772431A - A kind of Depth Information Acquistion devices and methods therefor of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision - Google Patents

A kind of Depth Information Acquistion devices and methods therefor of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision Download PDF

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CN106772431A
CN106772431A CN201710050801.2A CN201710050801A CN106772431A CN 106772431 A CN106772431 A CN 106772431A CN 201710050801 A CN201710050801 A CN 201710050801A CN 106772431 A CN106772431 A CN 106772431A
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depth information
sensor
tof
light source
image sensor
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CN106772431B (en
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杨静
时岭
高勇
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Hangzhou Blue Core Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/86Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/70Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
    • G06V10/74Image or video pattern matching; Proximity measures in feature spaces
    • G06V10/75Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video features; Coarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approaches; using context analysis; Selection of dictionaries
    • G06V10/751Comparing pixel values or logical combinations thereof, or feature values having positional relevance, e.g. template matching

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of combination TOF technologies and the Depth Information Acquistion devices and methods therefor of binocular vision, the device includes active light source emitter, TOF sensor, left images sensor, controller and a processor;Active light source emitter includes the light source, spatial modulation device and the imaging system that are sequentially arranged;Active light source emitter and TOF sensor are connected with controller, and TOF sensor, left image sensor and right image sensor are connected with processor.Active light source emitter generation time, the optical illumination scene of spatial modulation, TOF sensor acquisition time modulated signal obtain depth information of scene, and left images sensor collection spatial modulation signal obtains scene image information.Increase constraints with depth information carries out characteristic matching to scene image, obtains high-resolution depth graph picture.The present invention realizes high-resolution fast deep acquisition of information under indoor and outdoor surroundingses at lower cost, it is adaptable to closely and more remote.

Description

A kind of Depth Information Acquistion devices and methods therefor of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision
Technical field
The present invention relates to depth transducer, machine vision, three-dimensional reconstruction, binocular stereo vision, TOF technical fields, especially It is related to the Depth Information Acquistion devices and methods therefor of a kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision.
Background technology
In recent years, depth information obtains increasing application in the sensor.The technology for obtaining depth information is main There are the technologies such as binocular solid matching, TOF (Time of Flight, flight time), monocular structure light.These technologies can be biography Sensor increases extra depth information, has extensively in the field such as image identifying and processing, scene understanding, VR, AR and robot Application.However, the main product on current market remains unchanged respective use scope and limitation.Such as, binocular solid With the algorithm for depending on complexity, therefore hardware requirement is high, and the calculating time is long, for the unconspicuous target identification effect of feature not It is good;Pulsed TOF depth survey technical costs is very high, due to the limitation of scan method, there is high-resolution and refreshing frequency high Contradiction;Phase method TOF depth surveys range resolution ratio and spatial resolution be not high, and antijamming capability is poor;Structure light skill Art there is also the defects such as resolution ratio low, time of measuring is long, poor reliability according to the difference of coding method, to measurement target property There are certain requirements, and poor anti jamming capability, it is only used for interior.To meet demand often needs configuration multiple sensors, simply Sensor is superimposed, and can not well improve overall performance, can also increase system architecture complexity and system cost.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention provide a kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision Depth Information Acquistion device and Its method, while with binocular stereo vision high-resolution, is greatly reduced algorithm requirement, measuring speed is improve, to without line The target of reason can also be recognized very well, it is adaptable to various targets under indoor and outdoors environment.Melt relative to simple multiple sensors Close, not only cost reduction, integrated level is more preferable and also more stable in performance.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:A kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision Depth Information Acquistion device, including active light source emitter, TOF sensor, left image sensor, a right image are passed Sensor, controller and processor;The active light source emitter include be sequentially arranged light source, spatial modulation device and Imaging system;Active light source emitter and TOF sensor are connected with controller, TOF sensor, left image sensor and the right side Imageing sensor is connected with processor.
Described left image sensor and right image sensor is symmetrically placed in TOF sensor both sides;As a kind of technology Scheme, left images sensor and TOF sensor are using the image and depth information under light-splitting method collection similarity condition.Left, The reflectivity information that right image sensor is obtained can feed back to TOF sensor, the certainty of measurement of raising TOF sensor, Reduce noise.
The light of described controller control light source launch time modulation, after being modulated through spatial modulation device, by imaging system Form the patterned illumination scene with certain space distribution.Preferably, light source is LED or laser module, active light source transmitting The time-modulation of device is sine wave or quick square wave sequence, and spatial modulation device is frosted glass or grating, and imaging system is micro- Lens array.
Described TOF sensor receives the echo-signal of scene objects reflection, and the time-modulation according to signal calculates flight Time, further obtain depth information of scene.Described imageing sensor receives the scene under ambient light and active light source illumination Image, the spatial modulation of active light source adds texture to scene, is easy to left images sensor to carry out feature to texture-free target Matching.Preferably, the image that the left image sensor and right image sensor are collected is gray level image, its spectral characteristic Primarily responsive to the narrow-band of active light source, part visible light wave range can be also responded;Further, the left image sensor and the right side Imageing sensor collection image can also be RGB color image, and obtaining more multiple-object information carries out characteristic matching.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of combination TOF technologies and the depth information acquisition method of binocular vision, tool Body comprises the following steps:
(1) lightwave signal of controller control light source launch time modulation, by being imaged after spatial modulation device is modulated System forms pattern and irradiates target measurement region, and TOF sensor receives the echo-signal of target measurement region reflection, calculates light The ripple flight time obtains the depth information of each point;Left image sensor and right image sensor collection ambient light and active light source hair Scene under injection device illumination, obtains the left and right image under two visual angles;
(2) TOF sensor, left image sensor and right image sensor are demarcated, obtains three sensors alive The corresponding relation of boundary's coordinate system;
(3) according to calibrating parameters, depth information is mapped in two-way image coordinate, constraints is increased with depth information Stereo matching, including following several method are carried out to two-way image:
(3.1) in depth image, 1-2 character pair point is found in region of the depth more than D in left images, calculates Depth information is used as background depth;Further, multiple grades are segmented into, region of the distance between D1-D2 calculates once Depth, distance calculates a depth in the region of D2-D3, the like;
(3.2) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1), its gradient is calculated, Grad is more than the region of G, High Precision Stereo matching is carried out in left images, accurate depth information is calculated;
(3.3) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1) and step (3.2), calculate secondly ladder degree, second order Region of the gradient less than G2, only carries out Stereo matching in left images to border, calculates depth information, and other parts enter line Property interpolation;
(3.4) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), carried out in left images low Precision Stereo matching, calculates depth information;
(3.5) left images are carried out with high-pass filtering, image high frequency components are extracted, small size target is recognized, calculates deep Degree information.
(4) in two-way image due to visual angle difference produced by blind area part be filled with background depth;
(5) to the no parallax region outside two-way image crossover range, it is filled with TOF depth informations, obtains scene Depth image.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:High-resolution fast deep information is obtained under realizing indoor and outdoor surroundingses at lower cost Take, it is adaptable to closely and more remote.Have concurrently TOF technologies quick measurement and binocular vision high-resolution it is anti-interference etc. excellent Point, reduces the risk of None- identified and wrong identification, stability and better reliability.
The depth image and the high-resolution image of two-way of low resolution are gathered simultaneously, using depth image as prior information Image is carried out by feature recognition and matched, high-resolution depth information is obtained according to optic triangle method principle, significantly reduced Algorithm complex and calculating time.The inventive method or device include active light source emitter all the way, can carry out space and Time-modulation, spatial modulation adds certain texture to target, and auxiliary two-way image carries out feature recognition, and time-modulation is used for TOF obtains depth image.Depth image sensor only responds active light source.Left images sensor primarily responsive to active light source, Also part visible light source can be responded, it is ensured that closely or can be obtained under more remote, strong ambient light and weak ambient light can The image of identification.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of active light source emitter in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the inventive method flow chart;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of sensor collection signal in the present invention;
In figure:Active light source emitter 1, TOF sensor 2, left image sensor 3, right image sensor 4, controller 5th, processor 6, light source 7, spatial modulation device 8, imaging system 9.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment:
As shown in figure 1, the Depth Information Acquistion device of a kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision, including an active light Source emitter 1, TOF sensor 2, left image sensor 3, right image sensor 4, controller 5 and a processor 6;Such as Shown in Fig. 2, the active light source emitter 1 includes the light source 7, spatial modulation device 8 and the imaging system 9 that are sequentially arranged; Active light source emitter 1 and light source 7 are connected with controller 5, TOF sensor 2, left image sensor 3 and right image sensing Device 4 is connected with processor 6;
Left image sensor 3 and right image sensor 4 be arranged symmetrically in the present embodiment the both sides of TOF sensor 2, left, Right image sensor and TOF sensor 2 are using the image and depth information under light-splitting method collection similarity condition.Left and right image The reflectivity information that sensor is obtained can feed back to TOF sensor 2, improve the certainty of measurement of TOF sensor, reduction and make an uproar Sound.
Described TOF sensor 2 receives the echo-signal of scene objects reflection, and the time-modulation according to signal calculates flight Time, further obtain depth information of scene.Described left and right imageing sensor is received under ambient light and active light source illumination Scene image, the spatial modulation of active light source adds texture to scene, is easy to left and right imageing sensor to carry out texture-free target Characteristic matching.Left image sensor 3 and the collection image of right image sensor 4 are RGB color image, its Spectral Properties in the present embodiment Property primarily responsive to active light source narrow-band, can also respond part visible light wave range, obtaining more multiple-object information carries out feature Match somebody with somebody.
The light of the described control launch time of light source 7 modulation of controller 5, after being modulated through spatial modulation device, be by imaging System 9 forms the patterned illumination scene with certain space distribution.Light source 7 uses 850nm laser modules, active light source in embodiment The time-modulation of emitter 1 is sine wave, and spatial modulation device 8 is frosted glass, and imaging system 9 is microlens array.
As shown in figure 3, the depth information acquisition method of a kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision, specifically includes following step Suddenly:
(1) controller 5 control the launch time of light source 7 modulation lightwave signal, by spatial modulation device 8 modulation after by into As system 9 forms pattern and irradiates target measurement region, realize being sine wave, the tune for spatially thering is certain hot spot to be distributed on the time Optical illumination processed, as shown in Figure 4;TOF sensor 2 receives the echo-signal of target measurement region reflection, calculates the light wave flight time The depth information of each point is obtained, resolution ratio is 360 × 240;Left image sensor 3 and right image sensor 4 collection ambient light and Scene under the illumination of active light source emitter 1, obtains the left and right image under two visual angles, and resolution ratio is 1280 × 1024;
(2) TOF sensor 2, left image sensor 3 and right image sensor 4 are demarcated, obtains three sensors and exist The corresponding relation of world coordinate system;
The narrow-band spectrum of 2 response active light sources of TOF sensor obtains preferable signal to noise ratio to improve anti-interference, and Because spatial resolution is relatively low, reception be in the range of average signal, therefore not exposure pattern space distribution influence.Ash Degree imageing sensor can also respond part visible spectrum primarily responsive to the narrow-band spectrum of active light source.
(3) according to calibrating parameters, depth information is mapped in two-way image coordinate, constraints is increased with depth information Stereo matching is carried out to two-way image;
(4) in two-way image due to visual angle difference produced by blind area part be filled with background depth;
(5) to the no parallax region outside two-way image crossover range, it is filled with TOF depth informations, obtains scene Depth image.
In the solid matching method, increased constraints is specific as follows:
(3.1) in depth image, 1-2 character pair point is found in region of the depth more than D in left images, calculates Depth information is used as background depth;Further, multiple grades are segmented into, region of the distance between D1-D2 calculates once Depth, distance calculates a depth in the region of D2-D3, the like;
(3.2) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1), its gradient is calculated, Grad is more than the region of G, High Precision Stereo matching is carried out in left images, accurate depth information is calculated;
(3.3) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1) and step (3.2), calculate secondly ladder degree, second order Region of the gradient less than G2, only carries out Stereo matching in left images to border, calculates depth information, and other parts enter line Property interpolation;
(3.4) in depth image, to the region outside step (3.1), (3.2), (3.3), carried out in left images low Precision Stereo matching, calculates depth information;
(3.5) left images are carried out with high-pass filtering, image high frequency components are extracted, small size target is recognized, calculates deep Degree information.
Constraints is not limited to above several method, and the several method being mentioned herein can not also be used all.

Claims (10)

1. the Depth Information Acquistion device of a kind of combination TOF technologies and binocular vision, it is characterised in that including an active light source Emitter, TOF sensor, left image sensor, right image sensor, controller and a processor etc.;The active Light source emitter includes the light source, spatial modulation device and the imaging system that are sequentially arranged;Active light source emitter and TOF Sensor is connected with controller, and TOF sensor, left image sensor and right image sensor are connected with processor.
2. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The left image sensor and right image sensor are arranged symmetrically in TOF sensor both sides.
3. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The image that the left image sensor and right image sensor are collected is gray level image, and its spectral characteristic is primarily responsive to active light The narrow-band in source, can also respond part visible light wave range.
4. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The image that the left image sensor and right image sensor are collected is coloured image.
5. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The light source can be LED or laser module.
6. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The spatial modulation device is frosted glass or grating.
7. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The imaging system is microlens array.
8. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The time-modulation of the active light source emitter is sine wave or quick square wave sequence.
9. the Depth Information Acquistion device of combination TOF technologies according to claim 1 and binocular vision, it is characterised in that The left image sensor and TOF sensor are using the image and depth information under light-splitting method collection similarity condition.
10. combination TOF technologies described in a kind of utilization claim 1 and the depth letter of the Depth Information Acquistion device of binocular vision Breath acquisition methods, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps:
(1) optical signal of controller control light source launch time modulation, by imaging system shape after spatial modulation device is modulated Into pattern and target measurement region is irradiated, TOF sensor receives the echo-signal of target measurement region reflection, calculate light wave flight Time obtains the depth information of each point;Left image sensor and right image sensor collection ambient light and active light source emitter Scene under illumination, obtains the left and right image under two visual angles.
(2) TOF sensor, left image sensor and right image sensor are demarcated, obtains three sensors and sat in the world Mark the corresponding relation of system.
(3) according to calibrating parameters, depth information is mapped in two-way image coordinate, constraints is increased to two with depth information Road image carries out Stereo matching.
(4) in two-way image due to visual angle difference produced by blind area part be filled with background depth.
(5) to the no parallax region outside two-way image crossover range, it is filled with TOF depth informations, obtains the depth of scene Degree image.
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CN107635129A (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-01-26 周艇 Three-dimensional three mesh camera devices and depth integration method
CN108495113A (en) * 2018-03-27 2018-09-04 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 control method and device for binocular vision system
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