CN106772202B - Electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance testing module and method - Google Patents
Electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance testing module and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive performance testing module and method for an RS485 communication interface of an electric energy meter, and belongs to the technical field of electric measurement. The module comprises a controller MCU, an RS485 chip, a multipath isolation power supply circuit, a first communication interface, a second communication interface, a load adjusting circuit, a common-mode voltage output circuit and a signal acquisition circuit. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the testing of the carrying capacity, the common mode communication capacity, the receiving sensitivity, the duty ratio redundancy, the baud rate redundancy and the like of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter can be completed, the testing device can be embedded into the existing electric energy meter calibration table, the comprehensive performance testing of a large number of electric energy meters can be automatically completed, and the efficiency is greatly improved. Meanwhile, a large number of electric energy meters which are successful in communication but have performance indexes which do not meet the requirements can be detected in the inspection link, and the field operation failure rate of the electric energy meters is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric measurement, in particular to a module and a test method for testing the comprehensive performance of an RS485 communication interface of an electric energy meter.
Background
The existing electric energy meter calibration stand or test fixture can only complete the detection of the communication and the non-communication of the RS485 interface, or can only complete a certain test such as the test of the carrying capacity, and cannot complete the comprehensive performance test, and the RS485 performance quality cannot be judged. In practical application, the RS485 communication fails due to different temperatures, different numbers of network nodes, different field wiring, different external environment interference, offset baud rate of the RS485 communication interface of the acquisition device and the like. To perform a comprehensive performance test, it is necessary to manually test different items in a laboratory through various instruments. Such detection efficiency can only be met for individual prototypes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive performance testing module of an RS485 communication interface of an electric energy meter, which is used for testing the comprehensive performance of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter, and comprises load capacity, common mode communication capacity, receiving sensitivity, hysteresis, signal duty ratio and baud rate redundancy, wherein the module comprises: MCU as controller; the RS485 chip is connected with the MCU and is used for being connected with an RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested; the multi-path isolation power supply is used for connecting an external direct current power supply and converting the external direct current power supply into a multi-path direct current power supply so as to provide working power supplies for all partial circuits of the module;
the communication module is used for communicating with an upper computer (preferably a PC) and comprises a first communication interface (preferably an RS232 serial port) connected with the MCU, and is used for receiving the control command of the upper computer; the second communication interface (preferably an RS232 serial port) is connected with the RS485 chip and is used for data meter reading communication of the upper computer;
and the load adjusting circuit is connected with the MCU and the RS485 chip and is used for adjusting the load impedance according to the control signal sent by the MCU so as to convert the 485 signal of the RS485 chip into a dynamically attenuated 485 signal.
And the common-mode voltage output circuit is connected with the MCU and is used for outputting the common-mode voltage with adjustable size to the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested according to the control signal sent by the MCU.
The signal acquisition circuit is connected with the MCU and is used for acquiring voltage signals received by the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested, and the voltage signals comprise capture voltage signals and pulse width.
Preferably, the load adjusting circuit includes a plurality of loads (preferably resistors) and a plurality of first switching devices; and the first switching device is used for carrying out short circuit or open circuit on the load or the serial-parallel combination of the loads according to the control signal output by the MCU so as to adjust the output of the dynamically attenuated 485 signal.
Preferably, the effect of the first switching device contact impedance on the output load impedance value may be compensated by trimming the series-parallel combination of the loads.
Preferably, the first switching device is a relay switch.
Preferably, the common-mode voltage output circuit comprises a plurality of loads and a plurality of second switching devices, wherein the second switching devices short-circuit or open-circuit the loads or the series-parallel combination of the loads according to the control signals sent by the MCU, and adjust the impedance of a load network so as to output the common-mode voltage with adjustable size.
Preferably, the signal acquisition circuit receives A, B signals of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested, and outputs the A, B signals to the A/D acquisition port of the MCU after partial pressure; meanwhile, the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested receives signals and outputs the signals to the pulse width capturing port of the MCU so as to capture the pulse width of the received signals.
Preferably, the pulse width capturing port captures the pulse width by adopting double-edge triggering comparison.
Preferably, the module can be embedded into an electric energy meter calibration table and used for automatically completing the comprehensive performance test of a large number of electric energy meters RS 485.
A comprehensive performance testing method of an RS485 communication interface of an electric energy meter, which is applied to the comprehensive performance testing module of the RS485 communication interface, comprises the following steps:
step 1: and setting various test items in the upper computer, wherein the test items comprise a load capacity test, a common mode communication capacity test, a receiving sensitivity, hysteresis, a signal duty ratio, a baud rate redundancy and other signal tests.
Step 2: selecting a test item, and setting related parameters including a communication parameter, a load adjustment impedance value and a common mode voltage;
step 3: the upper computer sends a control command to a controller MCU of the module through a first communication interface;
step 4: load carrying capability test: the method comprises the steps that load impedance values to be adjusted are sequentially input into an upper computer from small to large or from large to small, the MCU receives a load capacity test command sent by the upper computer through a first communication interface, controls a load adjustment circuit to sequentially output corresponding load impedance values, the upper computer monitors and records meter reading data in real time through a second communication interface, whether the data are correct is checked, and the obtained load impedance value corresponding to incorrect data for the first time or unsuccessful communication is the limit load capacity of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested;
step 5: common mode communication capability test: the method comprises the steps that common mode voltage values to be adjusted are sequentially input into an upper computer from small to large or from large to small, the MCU receives common mode communication capability test commands sent by the upper computer through a first communication interface, controls a common mode voltage output circuit to sequentially output corresponding common mode voltage values, and the upper computer monitors and records meter reading data in real time through a second communication interface and checks whether the data are correct or not, and the corresponding common mode voltage which is obtained by incorrect data for the first time or unsuccessful in communication is the limit common mode communication capability of an RS485 communication interface of a tested electric energy meter;
step 6: comprehensive performance test: the MCU receives an upper computer comprehensive performance test command through a first communication interface, converts a voltage signal received by a tested electric energy meter RS485 communication interface and acquired by the signal acquisition circuit into a digital signal, calculates performance parameters such as receiving sensitivity, hysteresis, signal duty ratio, baud rate redundancy and the like, and sends a calculation result to the upper computer through the first communication interface for storage and display.
Preferably, the order of the steps 4, 5 and 6 can be arbitrarily changed.
The comprehensive performance testing module of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter can finish the testing of the RS485 carrying capacity, the common mode communication capacity, the receiving sensitivity, the duty cycle redundancy, the baud rate redundancy and the like of the electric energy meter, can be embedded into the existing electric energy meter checking table, adds the comprehensive performance testing of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter which can be finished in a laboratory to a large number of checking tables, changes the project which can be finished manually into automatic completion, greatly improves the efficiency, can detect a large number of electric energy meters which are successful in communication but have performance indexes which do not meet the requirements in the checking link, and greatly reduces the field operation failure rate of the electric energy meter.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive performance testing module for an RS485 communication interface according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an external wiring diagram of an MCU of a preferred embodiment of the integrated performance test module for an RS485 communication interface of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module comprises a controller MCU, an RS485 chip, a multipath isolation power supply, a first communication interface connected with the MCU, a second communication interface connected with the RS485 chip, a load adjusting circuit connected with the MCU and the RS485 chip, a common-mode voltage output circuit connected with the MCU and a signal acquisition circuit connected with the MCU.
The MCU is a universal chip, and the resource requirements are as follows: the 5V power supply works reliably; at least 1 UART port, UART baud rate 300-115200 configurable; at least 48 IO ports, more than 2 AD paths with more than 10 bits and 2 pulse width capturing ports. In one embodiment, the MCU is a single chip microcomputer of UPD78F 0527.
The multipath isolation power supply is connected with an external direct current 24V power supply and is used as an input power supply. In a preferred embodiment, the multi-path isolation power supply adopts a plurality of isolation DC-DC modules, and outputs at least 3 paths of power supplies including 12V, 5V and 15V direct current power supplies. The 5V power supply supplies power to the MCU, the first communication interface, the communication interface and the RS485 chip, the 12V power supply supplies power to the load adjusting circuit, and the 15V power supply supplies power to the common-mode voltage output circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, the first communication interface and the second communication interface both adopt RS232 serial ports.
In a preferred embodiment, the load adjusting circuit uses 10 resistor combinations connected in series, a load impedance network with a step length of 1 ohm, and 10 relay switches respectively short-circuit or open-circuit the 10 resistor combinations. The MCU is used for controlling the 10 relay switches, and a load with a resistance value of 1-1024 ohms can be allocated. The resistance values of the resistor combinations are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 ohms respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, the effect of the relay contact impedance on the output load impedance value can be compensated by trimming the resistor series-parallel combination.
In a preferred embodiment, the common-mode voltage output circuit adopts a DC-DC voltage reduction scheme, adjusts the resistance value of a DC-DC feedback resistor network through an MCU, converts a 15V power supply output by a multi-path isolation power supply into an adjustable-12V voltage, and a voltage stabilizer is arranged between the 15V power supply and the adjustable-12V voltage. The common-mode voltage output circuit comprises two paths of 0-12V circuits and a positive-negative voltage switching circuit. The positive and negative voltage switching circuit is connected with the MCU, receives a control command sent by the MCU, and converts the 0-12V adjustable power supply output by one path of 0-12V circuit into a-12V-0V adjustable power supply, so that the common mode voltage output circuit outputs a-12V adjustable common mode voltage, and the common mode voltage is provided for the grounding end of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested.
The resistor network adopts 12 resistors connected in series, and the MCU controls 12 optocouplers to control the short circuit or open circuit of the 12 resistors and output adjustable 0-12V voltage.
In a preferred embodiment, the signal acquisition circuit divides the A, B signal of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested and outputs the divided A, B signal to the A/D acquisition port of the MCU; the RXD pin of the RS485 communication interface is directly connected to the MCU pulse width capturing port, namely, a receiving signal of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested is sent to the MCU pulse width capturing port, and the pulse width is captured by adopting double-edge triggering comparison. And obtaining the receiving sensitivity, the signal duty ratio, the baud rate redundancy and the like of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter through MCU internal calculation, and uploading the test result to the upper computer through the first communication interface.
Fig. 2 shows an external wiring diagram OF an MCU in a preferred embodiment, where the MCU is a single chip microcomputer OF UPD78F0527, the CTRL1 to CTRL10 terminals are respectively connected to 12 optocoupler input terminals for controlling the short-circuit or the connection OF the 12 resistors, the LOAD1 to LOAD10 terminals OF the MCU are respectively connected to relay switch input terminals for controlling the 10 resistor combinations, and the OF and ON terminals are respectively connected to the positive and negative switching circuit input terminals in the common-mode voltage output circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of modules are embedded on a power meter calibration stand, and the comprehensive performance of the RS485 communication interface of the power meter is automatically tested, including the carrying capacity, the common mode communication capacity, the receiving sensitivity, the signal duty ratio, the baud rate redundancy and the like.
By using the comprehensive performance testing module of the RS485 communication interfaces of the electric energy meters, comprehensive performance testing is carried out on the RS485 communication interfaces of the electric energy meters simultaneously according to the following steps:
step 1: setting various test items in an upper PC, including performance tests such as load capacity test, common mode communication capacity test, receiving sensitivity, signal duty ratio, baud rate redundancy and the like;
step 2: selecting a test item, and setting related parameters including a communication parameter, a load adjustment impedance value and a common mode voltage;
step 3: the PC sends a control command to the MCU UPD78F0527 singlechip of the module through the first communication interface;
step 4: load carrying capability test: the method comprises the steps that load impedance values to be adjusted are sequentially input into a PC according to the sequence from small to large or from large to small, a singlechip receives a load capacity test command sent by the PC, a load regulation circuit is controlled to sequentially output corresponding resistance values, the PC monitors and records meter reading data in real time through an RS232 serial port and checks whether the data are correct, and the corresponding resistance values are the limit load capacity of an RS485 communication interface of a tested electric energy meter when the obtained correct data for the first time or communication is unsuccessful;
step 5: common mode communication capability test: the common-mode voltage value to be adjusted is sequentially input into the PC according to the sequence from small to large or from large to small, the singlechip receives a common-mode communication capability test command sent by the PC, the common-mode voltage output circuit is controlled to sequentially output the corresponding common-mode voltage value, the PC monitors and records meter reading data in real time and checks whether the data are correct, and the corresponding common-mode voltage is the limit common-mode communication capability of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested when the obtained first incorrect data or communication is unsuccessful;
step 6: comprehensive performance test: the PC sends comprehensive performance test, the singlechip receives a command sent by the PC, converts a voltage signal received by the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested and acquired by the signal acquisition circuit into a digital signal, calculates to obtain performance parameters such as receiving sensitivity, signal duty ratio, baud rate redundancy and the like, and sends the performance parameters to the PC for display and storage through the RS232 serial port.
The order of steps 4, 5 and 6 in the above steps can be arbitrarily changed.
According to the embodiment, the project which is originally only manually completed is changed into automatic completion, so that the efficiency is greatly improved, a large number of electric energy meters which are successful in communication but have performance indexes which do not meet the requirements can be detected in the inspection link, and the field operation failure rate of the electric energy meters can be greatly reduced.
The foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Within the scope of the inventive idea, a number of simple variants can be made to the technical solution of the invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive properties test module which characterized in that includes: MCU as controller; the RS485 chip is used for being connected with an RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested; the multipath isolation power supply is used for connecting an external direct current power supply to provide the working power supply of the module;
the communication module is used for communicating with an upper computer and comprises a first communication interface connected with the MCU, and is used for receiving the control command of the upper computer; the second communication interface is connected with the RS485 chip and is used for carrying out data meter reading communication by the upper computer;
the load adjusting circuit is connected with the MCU and the RS485 chip and is used for adjusting the load impedance according to a control signal sent by the MCU so as to convert a 485 signal of the RS485 chip into a dynamically attenuated 485 signal;
the common-mode voltage output circuit is connected with the MCU and is used for outputting an adjustable common-mode voltage to an RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested according to a control signal sent by the MCU;
the signal acquisition circuit is connected with the MCU and is used for acquiring voltage signals received by the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested, and the voltage signal acquisition circuit comprises a capturing voltage signal pulse width.
2. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 1, wherein: the load adjusting circuit comprises a plurality of loads and a plurality of first switching devices; and the first switching device is used for carrying out short circuit or open circuit on the load or the serial-parallel combination of the loads according to the control signal output by the MCU so as to adjust the output of the dynamically attenuated 485 signal.
3. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 2, wherein: the first switching device is a relay switch.
4. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 2, wherein: the effect of the first switching device contact impedance on the output load impedance is compensated by trimming the series-parallel combination of the loads.
5. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 1, wherein: the common-mode voltage output circuit comprises a plurality of loads and a plurality of second switching devices, wherein the second switching devices are used for carrying out short circuit or open circuit on the loads or the series-parallel combination of the loads according to control signals sent by the MCU, and adjusting the impedance of a load network so as to output an adjustable common-mode voltage.
6. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 1, wherein: the signal acquisition circuit receives A, B signals of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested, divides the signals respectively and outputs the divided signals to the A/D acquisition port of the MCU; meanwhile, the signal acquisition circuit receives signals received by the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested and outputs the signals to the pulse width capturing port of the MCU so as to capture the pulse width of the received signals.
7. The electric energy meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to claim 6, wherein: the pulse width is captured using a double edge triggered comparison.
8. The power meter RS485 communication interface comprehensive performance test module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the test board is embedded into an electric energy meter calibration table and is used for automatically completing the comprehensive performance test of a large number of electric energy meters RS 485.
9. The comprehensive performance testing method for the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter is applied to the comprehensive performance testing module for the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting each test item in the upper computer;
step 2: selecting a test item, and setting related parameters including a communication parameter, a load adjustment impedance value and a common mode voltage;
step 3: the upper computer sends a control command to a controller MCU of the module through a first communication interface;
step 4: load carrying capability test: the method comprises the steps that load resistance values to be adjusted are sequentially input into an upper computer from small to large or from large to small, the MCU receives a load capacity test command sent by the upper computer through a first communication interface, controls a load adjustment circuit to sequentially output corresponding load resistance values, the upper computer monitors and records meter reading data in real time through a second communication interface, whether the data are correct is checked, and the obtained load resistance value corresponding to incorrect data for the first time or unsuccessful communication is the limit load capacity of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested;
step 5: common mode communication capability test: the method comprises the steps that common-mode voltage values to be adjusted are sequentially input into an upper computer from small to large or from large to small, the MCU receives common-mode communication capability test commands sent by the upper computer through a first communication interface, controls a common-mode voltage output circuit to sequentially output corresponding common-mode voltage values, the upper computer monitors and records meter reading data in real time through a second communication interface, whether the data are correct or not is checked, and the corresponding common-mode voltage which is incorrect data for the first time or unsuccessful in communication is the limit common-mode communication capability of an RS485 communication interface of a tested electric energy meter;
step 6: comprehensive performance test: the upper computer sends a comprehensive performance test command, the MCU receives the upper computer command through the first communication interface, converts a voltage signal received by the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter to be tested and acquired through the signal acquisition circuit into a digital signal, calculates each performance parameter, and sends the test result to the upper computer through the first communication interface for display and storage.
10. The method for testing the comprehensive performance of the RS485 communication interface of the electric energy meter according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the sequence of the steps 4, 5 and 6 can be arbitrarily changed.
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| CN107356897A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-17 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Carrier electric energy meter detecting system and detection method |
| CN108267674B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-06-16 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Comprehensive automatic test system |
| CN109194322B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2023-05-05 | 华立科技股份有限公司 | RS485 high-speed communication capacitive isolation circuit and performance test method thereof |
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