CN106771815B - Short circuit and the transformer test platform and method of magnetic flux relevance between test lamination - Google Patents
Short circuit and the transformer test platform and method of magnetic flux relevance between test lamination Download PDFInfo
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测试铁心片间短路与磁通关联性的试验平台及试验方法，主要包括计算机、变压器卷铁心试验平台、故障模拟与测量装置、调压器、数据采集单元与数字示波器；计算机与故障模拟与测量装置、数据采集单元以及数字示波器通过RS485进行通讯，故障模拟与测量装置固定在卷铁心的上铁轭处；本发明的系统能够有效地测定片间短路故障与主磁通幅值、主磁通谐波以及局部磁通大小之间的关联性。
The invention discloses a test platform and test method for testing the correlation between short circuit between iron core pieces and magnetic flux, which mainly includes a computer, a transformer wound iron core test platform, a fault simulation and measurement device, a voltage regulator, a data acquisition unit and a digital oscilloscope; The computer communicates with the fault simulation and measurement device, the data acquisition unit and the digital oscilloscope through RS485, and the fault simulation and measurement device is fixed on the upper iron yoke of the wound iron core; the system of the present invention can effectively measure the inter-chip short circuit fault and the main magnetic flux Correlation between amplitude, main flux harmonics, and local flux magnitudes.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于变压器故障试验技术领域，更具体说涉及一种测试片间短路故障与磁通关联性的变压器系统，还涉及片间短路故障与磁通关联性的变压器系统的测试方法，能够有效地测定片间短路故障与主磁通幅值、主磁通谐波以及局部磁通大小之间的关联性。The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer fault testing, and more specifically relates to a transformer system for testing the correlation between inter-chip short-circuit faults and magnetic flux, and also relates to a testing method for a transformer system for the correlation between inter-chip short-circuit faults and magnetic flux, which can effectively The correlation between chip-to-chip short-circuit faults and main flux amplitudes, main flux harmonics, and local flux magnitudes is determined.
背景技术Background technique
在电力系统中，变压器是的最重要设备之一，也是故障频发的设备。一旦发生故障，变电所将被迫停运，直接影响到电力系统的安全可靠运行。有关资料表明，变压器的铁心故障发生概率在全部故障中仅次于绕组故障，居于第二位，片间短路故障就是其中一种典型故障。铁心发生片间短路时，在主磁通的感应下会短路硅钢片间形成故障环流，影响局部磁通和主磁通的分布以及幅值，严重时破坏铁心及绕组绝缘，烧毁铁心。因此有必要通过变压器铁心片间短路故障模拟试验来探究片间短路故障与磁通的关联性，研究故障的发生机理及影响，为实际工程的优化设计等提供参考。In the power system, the transformer is one of the most important equipment, and it is also the equipment with frequent failures. Once a fault occurs, the substation will be forced to shut down, which will directly affect the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Relevant data show that the probability of transformer core faults is second only to winding faults among all faults, and inter-chip short circuit faults are one of the typical faults. When a short circuit occurs between sheets of the iron core, under the induction of the main magnetic flux, a fault circulation will be formed between the short-circuited silicon steel sheets, which will affect the distribution and amplitude of the local magnetic flux and the main magnetic flux. In severe cases, the core and winding insulation will be damaged, and the iron core will be burned. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the correlation between the short-circuit fault and the magnetic flux through the simulation test of the short-circuit fault between the core sheets of the transformer, study the mechanism and influence of the fault, and provide reference for the optimal design of the actual project.
以前的试验方法主要是：一种是对硅钢片进行片间短路试验；这种方法无法真实地反映变压器铁心不同位置上发生片间短路时的工况，可参考度较低；另一种方法对真实变压器铁心表面焊锡实现片间短路进行试验，这种做法的问题是无法重复进行试验，且焊锡会对试验结果造成较大影响。The previous test methods are mainly: one is to conduct inter-sheet short-circuit test on silicon steel sheets; this method cannot truly reflect the working conditions when inter-sheet short-circuits occur at different positions of the transformer core, and the reference degree is low; the other method The problem of this method is that it is impossible to repeat the test, and the solder will have a great impact on the test results.
目前针对变压器铁心片间短路故障及其诊断工作，大多是基于叠铁心变压器，但是随着大容量卷铁心开始在电力系统与牵引供电系统中的应用，急需开发一种卷铁心变压器平台及方法。At present, most of the short-circuit faults and diagnosis between transformer core sheets are based on laminated core transformers. However, with the application of large-capacity wound cores in power systems and traction power supply systems, it is urgent to develop a wound core transformer platform and method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种测试变压器片间短路故障与磁通关联性的系统，能够有效地测定片间短路故障与主磁通幅值、主磁通谐波以及局部磁通大小之间的关联性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system for testing the correlation between the short-circuit fault between the sheets of the transformer and the magnetic flux, which can effectively measure the relationship between the short-circuit fault between the sheets and the amplitude of the main magnetic flux, the harmonic of the main magnetic flux and the size of the local magnetic flux. relevance.
本发明的另一个目的是基于测试变压器片间短路故障与磁通关联性的系统的测试方法。Another object of the present invention is a testing method based on a system for testing the correlation between a short-circuit fault between sheets of a transformer and magnetic flux.
为实现上述目的，本发明的一种测试铁心片间短路故障与磁通关联性的试验平台，主要包括计算机、变压器卷铁心试验平台、故障模拟与测量装置、调压器、数据采集单元与数字示波器；其中，变压器卷铁心试验平台包括：卷铁心，高压线圈、低压线圈和测量线圈；高压线圈位于卷铁心的左侧心柱上，与调压器相连接，低压线圈位于卷铁心的右侧心柱上，呈空载状态，测量线圈位于卷铁心的下铁轭上，与数字示波器相连接；计算机与故障模拟与测量装置、数据采集单元以及数字示波器通过RS485进行通讯，故障模拟与测量装置固定在卷铁心的上铁轭处；故障模拟与测量装置包括：夹板、支撑螺杆、螺帽、绝缘块、铜片、电磁继电器、单片机、霍尔探头以及整流器；故障模拟与测量装置的夹板内部均匀地设置有七排二十一个霍尔探头，探头末端和夹板的内侧表面相齐，所有的霍尔探头都与数据采集单元的对应通道相连接；七排霍尔探头的空隙处总共设置有六排十八个绝缘块；每块绝缘块一端覆盖一片铜片，另一端与电磁继电器相连接，电磁继电器与单片机以及整流器相连接，单片机与计算机相连接。In order to achieve the above object, a test platform for testing the correlation between short-circuit faults between core pieces and magnetic flux of the present invention mainly includes a computer, a transformer wound core test platform, a fault simulation and measurement device, a voltage regulator, a data acquisition unit and a digital Oscilloscope; Among them, the transformer wound core test platform includes: wound core, high-voltage coil, low-voltage coil and measuring coil; the high-voltage coil is located on the left side of the wound core and connected to the voltage regulator, and the low-voltage coil is located on the right side of the wound core On the core column, it is in an unloaded state. The measuring coil is located on the lower iron yoke of the wound core and connected to the digital oscilloscope; the computer communicates with the fault simulation and measurement device, the data acquisition unit and the digital oscilloscope through RS485, and the fault simulation and measurement device It is fixed on the upper iron yoke of the coiled iron core; the fault simulation and measurement device includes: splint, support screw, nut, insulating block, copper sheet, electromagnetic relay, single-chip microcomputer, Hall probe and rectifier; the inside of the splint of the fault simulation and measurement device There are seven rows of twenty-one Hall probes evenly arranged, the ends of the probes are aligned with the inner surface of the splint, and all the Hall probes are connected to the corresponding channels of the data acquisition unit; a total of seven rows of Hall probes are set in the gap There are six rows of eighteen insulating blocks; one end of each insulating block is covered with a piece of copper, and the other end is connected with an electromagnetic relay, the electromagnetic relay is connected with a single-chip microcomputer and a rectifier, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected with a computer.
本发明的测试变压器片间短路故障与磁通关联性的系统的试验方法：步骤如下：The test method of the system for testing the correlation between the short-circuit fault between the transformer plates and the magnetic flux of the present invention: the steps are as follows:
第一步：按照接线示意图将实验装置接线连接好，将故障模拟与测量装置夹持在卷铁心的上铁轭处；Step 1: Connect the wiring of the experimental device according to the wiring diagram, and clamp the fault simulation and measurement device on the upper iron yoke of the wound core;
第二步：调节调压器，使变压器卷铁心一次侧电压达到额定值；Step 2: Adjust the voltage regulator so that the primary side voltage of the transformer winding core reaches the rated value;
第三步：测量所有霍尔探头所在位置的局部磁通密度值，并将测量数据由数据采集单元上传至计算机；Step 3: Measure the local magnetic flux density values at the positions of all Hall probes, and upload the measured data to the computer from the data acquisition unit;
第四步：利用数字示波器测量测量线圈的电压波形，将实时数据上传至计算机；Step 4: Use a digital oscilloscope to measure the voltage waveform of the measuring coil, and upload the real-time data to the computer;
第五步：通过计算机指令智能模拟夹件自动完成设定位置a，30片短路片数下的铁心片间短路；Step 5: through the computer command intelligent analog clamps to automatically complete the set position a, the short circuit between the iron core pieces under the number of 30 short circuit pieces;
第六步：，测量此时所有霍尔探头所在位置的局部磁密值，并将测量数据由数据采集单元上传至计算机；Step 6: Measure the local magnetic density values at the positions of all Hall probes at this time, and upload the measured data to the computer from the data acquisition unit;
第七步：利用数字示波器测量此时测量线圈的电压波形，将实时数据上传至计算机；Step 7: Use a digital oscilloscope to measure the voltage waveform of the measuring coil at this time, and upload the real-time data to the computer;
第八步：重复第六、七步，完成铁心上a～f位置，30-90片短路片数下的局部磁通数据以及测量线圈实时电压数据上传；Step 8: Repeat steps 6 and 7 to complete the upload of the local magnetic flux data and the real-time voltage data of the measuring coil at positions a to f on the iron core, with 30-90 short-circuit chips;
第九步：利用计算机处理实验数据，得到主磁通的波形以及谐波量，所有试验数据(包括局部磁通)由表格完成统计。Step 9: use the computer to process the experimental data to obtain the waveform and harmonics of the main magnetic flux, and complete the statistics of all the experimental data (including the local magnetic flux) in the form.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统的硬件示意图Fig. 1 is the hardware schematic diagram of the system of the present invention
图2为本发明系统通讯原理图Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of system communication of the present invention
图3为本发明系统及方法所涉及的故障模拟测量装置上视图Fig. 3 is the top view of the fault simulation measuring device involved in the system and method of the present invention
图4为本发明系统及方法所涉及的故障模拟测量装置剖视图Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the fault simulation measurement device involved in the system and method of the present invention
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
如图1所示，测试片间短路故障与磁通关联性的变压器系统包括计算机1、卷铁心试验平台2、故障模拟与测量装置3、调压器4、数据采集单元5与数字示波器10；所述的卷铁心试验平台2具体包括卷铁心6，高压线圈7、低压线圈8和测量线圈9；高压线圈7位于卷铁心6的左侧心柱上，与调压器4相连接，低压线圈8位于卷铁心2的右侧心柱上，呈空载状态，测量线圈9位于卷铁心6的下铁轭上，与数字示波器10相连接；As shown in Figure 1, the transformer system for testing the correlation between short-circuit faults and magnetic flux between chips includes a computer 1, a wound core test platform 2, a fault simulation and measurement device 3, a voltage regulator 4, a data acquisition unit 5 and a digital oscilloscope 10; The wound core test platform 2 specifically includes a wound core 6, a high-voltage coil 7, a low-voltage coil 8 and a measuring coil 9; the high-voltage coil 7 is located on the left side of the wound core 6 and is connected to the voltage regulator 4, and the low-voltage coil 8 is located on the right side of the coiled core 2, in an unloaded state, and the measuring coil 9 is located on the lower iron yoke of the coiled core 6, and is connected with a digital oscilloscope 10;
如图2与图3所示，所述的故障模拟与测量装置3，其特征在于：具体包括夹板11、支撑螺杆12、螺帽13、绝缘块14、铜片15、电磁继电器16、单片机17、霍尔探头18以及整流器19；故障模拟与测量装置3的夹板11内部均匀地设置有七排二十一个霍尔探头18，每排分别标号为位置A,B,C,D,E,F,G，探头末端和夹板11的内侧表面相齐，所有的霍尔探头18都与数据采集单元5的对应通道相连接；7排霍尔探头18的空隙处总共设置有六排十八个绝缘块14，每排分别标号为位置a,b,c,d,e,f；每块绝缘块14一端覆盖一片10mm×10mm30片硅钢片厚度的铜片15，另一端与电磁继电器16相连接，电磁继电器16与单片机17以及整流器19相连接，单片机18与计算机1相连接；As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the fault simulation and measurement device 3 is characterized in that it specifically includes a splint 11, a support screw 12, a nut 13, an insulating block 14, a copper sheet 15, an electromagnetic relay 16, and a single-chip microcomputer 17 , Hall probes 18 and rectifiers 19; seven rows of twenty-one Hall probes 18 are evenly arranged inside the splint 11 of the fault simulation and measurement device 3, and each row is respectively marked as positions A, B, C, D, E, F, G, the end of the probe is aligned with the inner surface of the splint 11, and all the Hall probes 18 are connected to the corresponding channels of the data acquisition unit 5; there are six rows of eighteen probes arranged in the gaps of the seven rows of Hall probes 18. Insulation blocks 14, each row is marked as a, b, c, d, e, f; one end of each insulation block 14 is covered with a piece of copper sheet 15 with a thickness of 10mm×10mm30 silicon steel sheets, and the other end is connected to the electromagnetic relay 16 , the electromagnetic relay 16 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer 17 and the rectifier 19, and the single-chip microcomputer 18 is connected with the computer 1;
如图4所示，通过计算机1指令智能模拟测量装置3内部的单片机17使电磁继电器16动作控制绝缘块14的弹出与收缩，当上下夹板11对应位置的绝缘块14同时弹出，其上面的铜片15与铁心6接触即实现铁心片间短路；同一排绝缘块14上的一块铜片15可以实现10mm(30片)硅钢片的片间短路，通过控制同一排不同绝缘块14伸出可以实现10mm(30片)硅钢片、20mm(60片)硅钢片以及30mm(90片)硅钢片的片间短路，通过控制不同排绝缘块伸出可实现不同短路位置的片间短路故障。每片铜片两侧的霍尔探头18可以有效地表示铜片处的磁密，密集分布的霍尔探头18可以有效地研究故障区域的局部磁密，数字示波器10实时测量测量线圈9的电压波形，通过计算机1处理可分析主磁通波形及谐波分析。As shown in Figure 4, the single-chip microcomputer 17 inside the intelligent analog measuring device 3 is instructed by the computer 1 to make the electromagnetic relay 16 act to control the ejection and contraction of the insulating block 14. Sheet 15 is in contact with iron core 6 to realize the short circuit between the iron core sheets; a piece of copper sheet 15 on the same row of insulating blocks 14 can realize the short circuit between sheets of 10mm (30 pieces) silicon steel sheets, which can be realized by controlling the extension of different insulating blocks 14 in the same row. The inter-chip short circuit of 10mm (30 pieces) silicon steel sheets, 20mm (60 pieces) silicon steel sheets and 30mm (90 pieces) silicon steel sheets can be realized by controlling the extension of different rows of insulating blocks to achieve short-circuit faults between sheets at different short-circuit positions. The Hall probes 18 on both sides of each copper sheet can effectively represent the magnetic density at the copper sheet, and the densely distributed Hall probes 18 can effectively study the local magnetic density of the fault area, and the digital oscilloscope 10 can measure the voltage of the measuring coil 9 in real time The waveform can be processed by the computer 1 to analyze the main magnetic flux waveform and harmonic analysis.
一种测试铁心片间短路故障与磁通关联性的试验方法具体如下：A test method for testing the correlation between short-circuit faults between core pieces and magnetic flux is as follows:
第一步：按照接线示意图将实验装置接线连接好，将故障模拟与测量装置3夹持在卷铁心6的上铁轭处。Step 1: Connect the wiring of the experimental device according to the wiring diagram, and clamp the fault simulation and measurement device 3 on the upper iron yoke of the wound core 6 .
第二步：调节调压器4，使变压器卷铁心6一次侧电压达到额定值。Step 2: adjust the voltage regulator 4 to make the voltage on the primary side of the transformer wound core 6 reach the rated value.
第三步：测量所有霍尔探头18所在位置的局部磁通密度值，并将测量数据由数据采集单元5上传至计算机1；Step 3: measure the local magnetic flux density values at the positions of all Hall probes 18, and upload the measurement data to the computer 1 by the data acquisition unit 5;
第四步：利用数字示波器10测量测量线圈9的电压波形，将实时数据上传至计算机；Step 4: Utilize the digital oscilloscope 10 to measure the voltage waveform of the measuring coil 9, and upload the real-time data to the computer;
第五步：通过计算机1指令智能模拟夹件6自动完成完成位置a，30片短路片数下的铁心片间短路；Step 5: Instruct the intelligent analog clip 6 through the computer 1 to automatically complete the position a, and the short circuit between the iron core pieces under the number of 30 short pieces;
第六步：测量此时所有霍尔探头18所在位置的局部磁密值，并将测量数据由数据采集单元5上传至计算机1；Step 6: Measure the local magnetic density values at the positions of all Hall probes 18 at this time, and upload the measurement data to the computer 1 by the data acquisition unit 5;
第七步：利用数字示波器10测量此时测量线圈9的电压波形，将实时数据上传至计算机；Step 7: Utilize the digital oscilloscope 10 to measure the voltage waveform of the measurement coil 9 at this time, and upload the real-time data to the computer;
第八步：重复第六、七步，完成铁心上a～f位置，30-90片短路片数下的局部磁通数据以及测量线圈9实时电压数据上传。Step 8: Repeat steps 6 and 7 to complete the uploading of the local magnetic flux data of positions a to f on the iron core, the number of 30-90 short circuits, and the real-time voltage data of the measuring coil 9 .
第九步：利用计算机1处理实验数据，得到主磁通的波形以及谐波量，所有试验数据(包括局部磁通)由表格完成统计，进而进行研究分析，所涉及的测量及计算方法如下：Step 9: use the computer 1 to process the experimental data to obtain the waveform and harmonics of the main magnetic flux. All the experimental data (including the local magnetic flux) are counted by the table, and then the research and analysis are carried out. The measurement and calculation methods involved are as follows:
根据法拉第电磁感应定律，将瞬态电压数据对时间进行积分计算，得到测量线圈包绕铁心内瞬态交链磁通的波形，取其最大值，得到磁通最大值，除以该线圈内包含铁心的有效截面积，得到相应位置平均磁通密度的最大值Bm。According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the transient voltage data is integrated with time to obtain the waveform of the transient interlinkage magnetic flux in the core wrapped by the measuring coil, and the maximum value is taken to obtain the maximum value of the magnetic flux, which is divided by the value contained in the coil The effective cross-sectional area of the iron core is used to obtain the maximum value B m of the average magnetic flux density at the corresponding position.
磁通不能直接测量，因为磁通随时间在不断变化。实际上，根据电磁感应定律，测得的是一个磁通对时间的变化率，作为感应电动势：Magnetic flux cannot be measured directly because it is constantly changing with time. In fact, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, what is measured is the rate of change of a magnetic flux with respect to time, as the induced electromotive force:
在测量的每一周波(20ms)分为200个时步，同一时刻采集瞬时的感应电压和激励电流，采集的电压对时间积分。例如，在第i个是时步对于的时刻ti有：Each cycle (20ms) of measurement is divided into 200 time steps, and the instantaneous induced voltage and excitation current are collected at the same time, and the collected voltage is integrated with time. For example, at time t i where the i-th time step pair has:
完成200个时步的积分后，从200个积分结果Bt得到最大值Bm，及感应磁通的最大值。进而可得通过测量线圈所在位置的截面S的平均磁通密度为After the integration of 200 time steps is completed, the maximum value B m and the maximum value of the induced magnetic flux are obtained from the 200 integration results B t . Furthermore, the average magnetic flux density of the section S where the measuring coil is located can be obtained as
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