CN106769998A - Based on the tera-hertz spectra real-time analysis method for actively modulating pulse non-linear amplification - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及超快光电子学领域，具体的讲是一种太赫兹光谱实时分析方法。该方法通过主动式调制脉冲非线性放大过程制备两台重复频率精确锁定并具有一定差值的飞秒激光光源，每台飞秒激光光源的重复频率及两台激光光源的重复频率差值均可进行主动调节。将两台飞秒激光光源作为泵浦源泵浦产生太赫兹脉冲，通过两脉冲的异步取样，实时获取太赫兹光谱信息。
The invention relates to the field of ultrafast optoelectronics, in particular to a real-time analysis method of terahertz spectrum. This method prepares two femtosecond laser light sources whose repetition frequency is precisely locked and has a certain difference through the active modulation pulse nonlinear amplification process. The repetition frequency of each femtosecond laser light source and the repetition frequency difference between the two laser light sources can be Make active adjustments. Two femtosecond laser sources are used as pumping sources to generate terahertz pulses, and the terahertz spectral information is obtained in real time through asynchronous sampling of the two pulses.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于主动调制脉冲非线性放大的太赫兹光谱实时分析方法，属于超快光电子学技术领域。The invention relates to a terahertz spectrum real-time analysis method based on active modulation pulse nonlinear amplification, which belongs to the technical field of ultrafast optoelectronics.
背景技术Background technique
异步光学取样太赫兹(太赫兹)光谱分析方法是最近发展起来的具有竞争力的太赫兹光谱分析方法。其基本工作原理是将光学频率下转换至射频频率实现快速探测。利用二台重复频率精确锁定但略有差别的飞秒激光分别作为太赫兹泵浦和探测光，无需复杂的扫描即可非常方便地通过控制飞秒脉冲时延获取周期性超快光学取样，极大地缩短光谱分析的时间。Asynchronous optical sampling terahertz (terahertz) spectroscopy method is a recently developed competitive method for terahertz spectroscopy. Its basic working principle is to down-convert the optical frequency to radio frequency for fast detection. Using two femtosecond lasers with precisely locked but slightly different repetition rates as the terahertz pump and probe light respectively, it is very convenient to obtain periodic ultrafast optical samples by controlling the femtosecond pulse delay without complicated scanning, which is very convenient. Greatly shorten the time for spectral analysis.
目前对激光系统中重复频率的调制主要是被动式调节，通过压电陶瓷的电致伸缩控制激光谐振腔的腔长从而控制激光器的重复频率。这种方法在应用过程中存在一些缺点：比如需要高操作电压、对工作环境要求高，长期稳定差等等。At present, the modulation of the repetition frequency in the laser system is mainly passive adjustment, and the cavity length of the laser resonator is controlled by the electrostriction of the piezoelectric ceramic to control the repetition frequency of the laser. This method has some disadvantages in the application process: such as the need for high operating voltage, high requirements for the working environment, poor long-term stability, and so on.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对传统异步光学取样过程中，激光光源对环境要求高、长期稳定性差等不足，提出一种主动式调制放大制备重复频率精确锁定且有一定差值的飞秒激光光源的方法，并在此基础上完成对太赫兹光谱信息的实时分析。In view of the shortcomings of the traditional asynchronous optical sampling process, the laser light source has high requirements on the environment and poor long-term stability, it proposes an active modulation and amplification method to prepare a femtosecond laser light source with an accurately locked repetition frequency and a certain difference. On this basis, the real-time analysis of terahertz spectral information is completed.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种基于主动调制脉冲非线性放大的太赫兹光谱实时分析方法，其包括如下步骤：The present invention provides a terahertz spectrum real-time analysis method based on active modulation pulse nonlinear amplification, which includes the following steps:
S1：搭建重复频率精确锁定的第一飞秒激光光源；S1: Build the first femtosecond laser light source with precisely locked repetition rate;
S2：利用所述第一飞秒激光光源获得第一飞秒激光脉冲；S2: Using the first femtosecond laser light source to obtain a first femtosecond laser pulse;
S3：利用与步骤S1和S2相同的方法搭建重复频率锁定、且重复频率与第一飞秒激光光源的重复频率有差值的第二飞秒激光光源，并利用所述第二飞秒激光光源获得第二飞秒激光脉冲；S3: Use the same method as steps S1 and S2 to build a second femtosecond laser light source whose repetition rate is locked and whose repetition rate is different from that of the first femtosecond laser light source, and use the second femtosecond laser light source obtaining a second femtosecond laser pulse;
S4：利用所述第一飞秒激光脉冲泵浦半导体天线或电光晶体，获得太赫兹脉冲；S4: Using the first femtosecond laser pulse to pump a semiconductor antenna or an electro-optic crystal to obtain a terahertz pulse;
S5：以所述第二飞秒激光脉冲为取样光，对所述太赫兹脉冲进行取样探测，实现太赫兹光谱的实时分析。S5: Using the second femtosecond laser pulse as sampling light, performing sampling detection on the terahertz pulse to realize real-time analysis of the terahertz spectrum.
作为优选方案，所述第一飞秒激光光源和第二飞秒激光光源的搭建方法均为调制放大法。As a preferred solution, the construction methods of the first femtosecond laser light source and the second femtosecond laser light source are modulation and amplification methods.
作为优选方案，步骤S2具体包括如下操作：As a preferred solution, step S2 specifically includes the following operations:
将第一飞秒激光光源产生的重复频率确定的激光脉冲信号在放大激光脉冲功率后进行光谱展宽，然后依次进行非线性放大和宽光谱脉冲压缩，得到第一飞秒激光脉冲。The laser pulse signal with a fixed repetition frequency generated by the first femtosecond laser source is subjected to spectral broadening after amplifying the laser pulse power, and then sequentially performs nonlinear amplification and wide-spectrum pulse compression to obtain the first femtosecond laser pulse.
作为优选方案，步骤S1～S3中所使用的连续激光为同一连续激光。As a preferred solution, the continuous laser light used in steps S1-S3 is the same continuous laser light.
作为优选方案，步骤S5中的取样探测时间由第一飞秒激光光源和第二飞秒激光光源的重复频率差值决定τ＝1/δf,其中τ为取样探测时间，δf为二飞秒激光光源的重复频率差值。As a preferred solution, the sampling detection time in step S5 is determined by the repetition frequency difference between the first femtosecond laser light source and the second femtosecond laser light source τ=1/δf, where τ is the sampling detection time, and δf is the second femtosecond laser light source The repetition rate delta of the light source.
更具体地，本发明的方法包括如下步骤：More specifically, the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1、通过调制放大过程搭建重复频率精确锁定的飞秒激光光源，完成对激光重复频率的主动式调节。1. Build a femtosecond laser light source with precisely locked repetition frequency through the modulation and amplification process, and complete the active adjustment of the laser repetition frequency.
利用信号源输出以频率f周期性变化的电信号，将此电信号作用到阶跃恢复二极管，随着输入信号的周期性变化，在负载上输出重复频率为f，脉冲宽度为阶跃恢复二极管阶跃时间t(ps量级)的电脉冲信号。将连续激光光源输出的连续激光输入强度调制器，利用产生的宽度在ps量级的电脉冲信号对强度调制器进行调制，输出重复频率与电脉冲重复频率相同，脉冲宽度与电脉冲信号宽度相似的激光脉冲信号。通过调节或锁定信号源输出电信号的重复频率f，可实现对该飞秒激光重复频率的主动调节或锁定。Use the signal source to output an electrical signal that changes periodically at frequency f, and apply this electrical signal to the step recovery diode. With the periodic change of the input signal, the output repetition frequency on the load is f, and the pulse width is the step recovery diode. Electrical pulse signal with step time t (ps level). The continuous laser output from the continuous laser light source is input to the intensity modulator, and the intensity modulator is modulated by the generated electric pulse signal with a width of ps level. The output repetition frequency is the same as the electric pulse repetition frequency, and the pulse width is similar to the electric pulse signal width. laser pulse signal. By adjusting or locking the repetition frequency f of the electrical signal output by the signal source, the active adjustment or locking of the repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser can be realized.
2、主动调制脉冲非线性放大，利用多级级联的非线性放大，实现频谱展宽。2. Actively modulated pulse nonlinear amplification, using multi-stage cascaded nonlinear amplification to achieve spectrum broadening.
将产生的重复频率确定的激光脉冲信号输入多级级联放大模块，放大激光脉冲功率，然后输入光谱展宽模块，得到脉冲宽度一定、功率较高、重复频率锁定且可通过改变电脉冲重复频率进行调节的激光脉冲信号。将此激光脉冲信号输入非线性放大模块，输出足够光谱宽度、能量较高的激光脉冲。Input the generated laser pulse signal with a certain repetition frequency into the multi-stage cascaded amplification module, amplify the laser pulse power, and then input it into the spectrum broadening module to obtain a constant pulse width, high power, locked repetition frequency and can be adjusted by changing the electrical pulse repetition frequency. Conditioned laser pulse signal. Input the laser pulse signal into the nonlinear amplification module, and output the laser pulse with sufficient spectral width and high energy.
3、主动调制脉冲非线性放大后的宽光谱脉冲压缩，获得飞秒激光脉冲。3. Wide spectrum pulse compression after active modulation pulse nonlinear amplification to obtain femtosecond laser pulse.
频谱展宽放大后的脉冲，输入脉宽压缩装置，得到脉冲宽度在飞秒(fs)量级、重复频率确定的飞秒激光。The pulse after spectral broadening and amplifying is input into a pulse width compression device to obtain a femtosecond laser with a pulse width on the order of femtosecond (fs) and a repetition frequency.
4、利用同步骤1～3相同的方式，搭建重复频率精确锁定，且与步骤1～3中的激光重复频率有差值δf的飞秒激光光源。4. Use the same method as steps 1-3 to build a femtosecond laser light source whose repetition rate is precisely locked and has a difference δf from the laser repetition rate in steps 1-3.
5、确保步骤1～3与步骤4所使用的连续激光是来自同一连续激光。这可以通过同一连续激光(窄或超窄谱线宽度的单纵模激光，如窄谱线的单纵模半导体激光)分束来实现，这样飞秒脉冲产生装置(步骤1～3和步骤4)输出重复频率分别是f和f+δf的飞秒脉冲，二个不同重复频率的飞秒激光的载波包络相位都自动一致地跟随连续激光的频率。5. Make sure that the continuous lasers used in steps 1-3 and step 4 are from the same continuous laser. This can be achieved by beam splitting of the same continuous laser (narrow or ultra-narrow spectral line width single longitudinal mode laser, such as narrow spectral line single longitudinal mode semiconductor laser), so that the femtosecond pulse generation device (steps 1-3 and step 4 ) output femtosecond pulses with repetition frequencies f and f+δf respectively, and the carrier envelope phases of the two femtosecond lasers with different repetition frequencies automatically and consistently follow the frequency of the continuous laser.
6、利用步骤1～3中得到的飞秒激光光源泵浦半导体天线或电光晶体，产生太赫兹脉冲。6. Using the femtosecond laser light source obtained in steps 1 to 3 to pump the semiconductor antenna or the electro-optic crystal to generate terahertz pulses.
7、步骤4得到的重复频率为(f+δf)的飞秒激光光源作为取样光，对步骤3中的太赫兹脉冲进行取样探测。该取样探测时间由二台飞秒激光光源重复频率差值δf决定，实现对太赫兹光谱实时分析。7. The femtosecond laser light source obtained in step 4 with a repetition frequency of (f+δf) is used as the sampling light to sample and detect the terahertz pulse in step 3. The sampling detection time is determined by the repetition frequency difference δf of the two femtosecond laser light sources, which realizes real-time analysis of the terahertz spectrum.
8、由于飞秒产生装置(步骤1～3和步骤4)能自动确保二个不同重复频率的飞秒激光的载波包络相位都自动一致地跟随连续激光的频率，无需对驱动太赫兹产生的飞秒脉冲(重复频率为f)、太赫兹异步取样的飞秒脉冲(重复频率为f+δf)，实施载波包络相位的操控，即可实现高精度的太赫兹异步取样。8. Since the femtosecond generating device (steps 1 to 3 and step 4) can automatically ensure that the carrier envelope phases of the two femtosecond lasers with different repetition rates automatically and consistently follow the frequency of the continuous laser, there is no need to drive the terahertz generated Femtosecond pulse (repetition frequency is f), femtosecond pulse of terahertz asynchronous sampling (repetition frequency is f+δf), and the control of carrier envelope phase can realize high-precision terahertz asynchronous sampling.
9、主动调制非线性放大(步骤1～3和步骤4)也可在同一光放大的链路中完成，这样可以进一步减低放大过程的噪声，确保二个不同重复频率的飞秒激光在放大过程中经历相同的载波包络相位漂移。9. Actively modulated nonlinear amplification (steps 1 to 3 and step 4) can also be completed in the same optical amplification link, which can further reduce the noise of the amplification process and ensure that two femtosecond lasers with different repetition frequencies are in the amplification process experience the same carrier-envelope phase drift.
10、同一光放大链路产生的二个不同重复频率的飞秒激光泵浦半导体天线或电光晶体，产生二个不同重复频率的太赫兹频率梳，即重复频率分别是f和f+δf的太赫兹频率梳，其载波位相为0。其太赫兹频率梳的取样，可以用重复频率为f的飞秒脉冲实现拍频信号取样，完成光学异步取样探测和太赫兹频谱分析。10. Two femtosecond laser-pumped semiconductor antennas or electro-optic crystals with different repetition frequencies generated by the same optical amplification link generate two terahertz frequency combs with different repetition frequencies, that is, terahertz frequency combs with repetition frequencies f and f+δf respectively. A Hertz frequency comb with a carrier phase of zero. The sampling of its terahertz frequency comb can realize beat frequency signal sampling with femtosecond pulse with repetition frequency f, and complete optical asynchronous sampling detection and terahertz spectrum analysis.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
利用主动式电光调制作用完成激光光源重复频率的锁定及调节，在此基础上通过控制飞秒激光脉冲时延获取周期性超快光学取样，实时获取太赫兹光谱分析。Active electro-optic modulation is used to complete the locking and adjustment of the repetition frequency of the laser light source. On this basis, the periodic ultrafast optical sampling is obtained by controlling the femtosecond laser pulse delay, and the terahertz spectrum analysis is obtained in real time.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明技术方案的方法流程的图；Fig. 1 is the figure of the method flow of technical scheme of the present invention;
图2为本发明的方法的探测原理图。Fig. 2 is a detection principle diagram of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，飞秒脉冲产生装置01输出重复频率为f，脉冲宽度在fs量级的飞秒激光脉冲。其中，101为电脉冲产生模块，其中利用信号源输出以频率f周期性变化的电信号，将此电信号作用到阶跃恢复二极管，随着输入信号的周期性变化，在负载上输出时域间隔为T＝1/f，脉冲宽度为阶跃恢复二极管阶跃时间t(ps量级)的电脉冲信号。102为连续激光光源，输出连续激光到103强度调制器，强度调制器103由电脉冲产生装置101输出的ps量级电脉冲信号调制，从而得到脉冲宽度与电脉冲宽度相似、重复频率与信号源输出频率一致的激光脉冲信号。连续激光光源104、107，波分复用器105、108，增益光纤106、109组成多级级联放大模块，对强度调制器103输出的激光脉冲进行放大。放大后的激光脉冲输入光谱展宽模块110，展宽光谱。然后输入由连续激光光源111、波分复用器112、非线性增益光纤113组成的非线性放大模块，对激光功率进一步放大。最后将激光脉冲输入脉宽压缩模块114，实现对激光脉宽压缩，得到脉冲宽度在fs量级的激光光源。该fs激光光源重复频率精确锁定为f。As shown in FIG. 1 , the femtosecond pulse generator 01 outputs femtosecond laser pulses with a repetition frequency of f and a pulse width of the order of fs. Among them, 101 is an electric pulse generation module, in which the signal source is used to output an electric signal that changes periodically at a frequency f, and the electric signal is applied to the step recovery diode, and with the periodic change of the input signal, the time-domain pulse is output on the load The interval is T=1/f, and the pulse width is the electric pulse signal of the step recovery diode step time t (ps level). 102 is a continuous laser light source, which outputs continuous laser light to the intensity modulator 103, and the intensity modulator 103 is modulated by the ps-level electric pulse signal output by the electric pulse generating device 101, thereby obtaining a pulse width similar to the electric pulse width, and a repetition rate similar to the signal source Output laser pulse signal with consistent frequency. Continuous laser light sources 104, 107, wavelength division multiplexers 105, 108, and gain fibers 106, 109 form a multi-stage cascaded amplification module to amplify the laser pulse output by the intensity modulator 103. The amplified laser pulse is input into the spectrum stretching module 110 to broaden the spectrum. Then it is input to a nonlinear amplification module composed of a continuous laser light source 111, a wavelength division multiplexer 112, and a nonlinear gain fiber 113 to further amplify the laser power. Finally, the laser pulse is input to the pulse width compression module 114 to realize the compression of the laser pulse width, and obtain a laser light source with a pulse width in the order of fs. The repetition rate of the fs laser light source is precisely locked to f.
图1中，与01装置中的过程相同，飞秒脉冲产生装置02输出重复频率为f+δf，脉冲宽度在fs量级的飞秒激光脉冲。装置02输出的飞秒激光脉冲与装置01输出的飞秒激光脉冲重复频率相差δf，该差值由电脉冲产生装置201中的信号源输出频率调节。101与201需要来源于同一连续激光器,这可以通过同一连续激光分束来实现，这样飞秒脉冲产生装置01和02输出重复频率分别是f和f+δf的飞秒脉冲，二个不同重复频率的飞秒激光的载波包络相位都自动一致地跟随连续激光的频率，连续激光可选用窄或超窄谱线宽度的单纵模激光、如窄谱线的单纵模半导体激光。In Fig. 1, the same process as in device 01, femtosecond pulse generating device 02 outputs femtosecond laser pulses with repetition frequency f+δf and pulse width on the order of fs. The femtosecond laser pulse output by device 02 has a repetition frequency difference δf from the femtosecond laser pulse output by device 01 , and the difference is adjusted by the output frequency of the signal source in electrical pulse generating device 201 . 101 and 201 need to come from the same continuous laser, which can be achieved by splitting the same continuous laser, so that the femtosecond pulse generators 01 and 02 output femtosecond pulses with repetition frequencies f and f+δf respectively, and two different repetition frequencies The carrier envelope phase of the femtosecond laser automatically and consistently follows the frequency of the continuous laser. The continuous laser can be a narrow or ultra-narrow spectral linewidth single longitudinal mode laser, such as a narrow spectral line single longitudinal mode semiconductor laser.
图1中，03为太赫兹产生装置，可以是光电导天线或电光晶体。装置01输出的飞秒激光作用到太赫兹产生装置03，产生太赫兹脉冲。In Figure 1, 03 is a terahertz generating device, which can be a photoconductive antenna or an electro-optic crystal. The femtosecond laser output from the device 01 acts on the terahertz generating device 03 to generate terahertz pulses.
图1中，04为太赫兹收集模块，由一对镀金离轴抛物面镜组成，完成对太赫兹波的收集作用。In Figure 1, 04 is the terahertz collection module, which is composed of a pair of gold-plated off-axis parabolic mirrors to complete the collection of terahertz waves.
图1中，05为太赫兹探测装置，由光电导天线501和数据采集模块502组成。装置02输出的飞秒激光脉冲作用到光电导天线501，作为太赫兹波取样光。取样得到的数据由502采集并输出，得到太赫兹光谱信息。In FIG. 1 , 05 is a terahertz detection device, which is composed of a photoconductive antenna 501 and a data acquisition module 502 . The femtosecond laser pulse output by device 02 is applied to the photoconductive antenna 501 as terahertz wave sampling light. The data obtained by sampling is collected and output by 502 to obtain terahertz spectral information.
如图2，重复频率为f的飞秒激光泵浦驱动产生太赫兹脉冲01，该太赫兹脉冲的重复频率与飞秒激光的重复频率一致，均为f。重复频率为(f+δf)的飞秒激光作为太赫兹探测的取样脉冲02，其中，δf<<f。在时域上，其脉冲间隔差别δT＝T/s，其中T＝1/f是太赫兹脉冲的脉冲间隔，s＝f/δf一般设定为一个很大的数(以s＝104～106为例)，这相当于每隔δT的时间实施一次光学取样，共实施N＝T/2δT＝s/2次光学取样完成一个取样周期，整个取样周期为Ts＝NT～Ts/2，在频域上，共有s/2个异步光学取样的频谱取样点，每个取样点的频率等效于频率为ω＝fs的光频，共覆盖Δω＝fs/2的频谱范围。以f～1GHz的重复频率、δf～100kHz重频间隔为例，完成一个异步光学取样周期的时间为Ts＝1ns×104/2＝5μs，其频谱覆盖范围为Δω＝fs/2～5太赫兹，即可在5μs的周期里实现0～5太赫兹频谱扫描(共有5000个光学取样点)。03为通过异步取样采集到太赫兹时域图，通过傅里叶变换得到04太赫兹光谱信息，从而完成太赫兹光谱信息实时分析。As shown in Figure 2, the femtosecond laser pumping drive with a repetition frequency f generates a terahertz pulse 01, and the repetition frequency of the terahertz pulse is consistent with the repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser, both of which are f. A femtosecond laser with a repetition rate of (f+δf) is used as a sampling pulse 02 for terahertz detection, where δf<<f. In the time domain, the pulse interval difference δT=T/s, where T=1/f is the pulse interval of the terahertz pulse, s=f/δf is generally set as a large number (with s=10 4 ~ 10 6 as an example), this is equivalent to implementing an optical sampling every δT time, a total of N=T/2δT=s/2 optical sampling to complete a sampling period, the entire sampling period is T s =NT～Ts/2 , in the frequency domain, there are s/2 spectrum sampling points of asynchronous optical sampling in total, and the frequency of each sampling point is equivalent to the optical frequency with frequency ω=fs, covering a spectrum range of Δω=fs/2 in total. Taking the repetition frequency of f～1GHz and the repetition frequency interval of δf～100kHz as an example, the time to complete an asynchronous optical sampling cycle is T s =1ns×10 4 /2=5μs, and its spectrum coverage is Δω=fs/2～5 Terahertz, 0-5 terahertz spectrum scanning can be realized in a period of 5 μs (a total of 5000 optical sampling points). 03 is to collect terahertz time-domain images through asynchronous sampling, and obtain 04 terahertz spectral information through Fourier transform, so as to complete the real-time analysis of terahertz spectral information.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
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