CN106767211B - A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method - Google Patents
A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106767211B CN106767211B CN201710019426.5A CN201710019426A CN106767211B CN 106767211 B CN106767211 B CN 106767211B CN 201710019426 A CN201710019426 A CN 201710019426A CN 106767211 B CN106767211 B CN 106767211B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- pass
- drop shaft
- tamper
- explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Pass blocks demolition set and methods, including aircraft and Digiplex, the top of the aircraft is equipped with the loading platform of the fixed blasting charge, the aircraft is additionally provided with for monitoring the blasting charge in real time and blocking the camera of object location, the Digiplex is connected by the flight drive module signal of communication module and aircraft, and the Digiplex is also associated with the display equipment with camera communication connection.The present invention carries out blocking thickness estimation using remotely-piloted vehicle first, then on board the aircraft by explosive installation, explosive is delivered to the selection position below tamper by remotely-piloted vehicle, and detonate explosive, and tamper is realized explosion dredging.The blasting charge can reliably, be accurately close to pass blocking plug thing bottom and carry out explosion by the aircraft in the present invention, although being demolished together together with aircraft after explosion, but more other drop shafts dredge mode, still have apparent time and cost advantage, and ensure construction operation safety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique fields, and in particular to a kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method.
Background technology
Underground mining mine is the transhipment for realizing ore and barren rock, and will construct a series of slip in development system
Well, the main chute that construct especially near main hoist system is to realize the transport function of ore and barren rock.But in production process
In, since ore drawing causes accumulated slag long-time deposition to be compacted not in time, having bad luck bulk frequency, high, drop shaft has ploughed under other longer objects
The reasons such as design requirement are not achieved in body (such as timber or steel) or ore pass construction specification, and advanced drop shaft is tied arch, blocked up frequent occurrence
The accidents such as plug, seriously affect mining production, also bring great threat to personal safety.Only safely and effectively dredge pass blocking
Plug, just can guarantee being smoothed out for mining production.
For a long time, the processing for encircleing blocking accident for drop shaft knot has adopted always water punching dredging drop shaft and blasting method
Two kinds of traditional approach.The mode of water punching dredging drop shaft, is to pour water into pass on drop shaft top, by water to the profit of material
It is wet, the frictional force between material block is reduced, knot arch blocking material falls under self-gravity action in final drop shaft, reaches dredging
The purpose of drop shaft.But this method operationally has that following aspect causes Mine Safety in Production hidden danger larger：First, to slipping
When well irrigation water, irrigation quantity is unable to control, and water is too small, and knot arch or blocking material will not fall, and the purpose of dredging drop shaft is not achieved；
Second is that irrigation quantity is excessive, it is be easy to cause mud-rock flow, the installations and facilities or personnel to drop shaft lower part cause to impact, and easily send out thing safe
Therefore；Third, the time of drop shaft dredging can not determine, it is unfavorable for the normal structure of mining production.
Blasting method dredging drop shaft includes pinking facture, dobie strut blasting procedure, mining rocket launcher blasting procedure, bores
Hole blasting procedure, hydrogen balloon blasting procedure etc..Pinking facture and dobie strut blasting procedure are ineffective, are unable to ensure drop shaft and dredge
It is logical；Bore blowing-up method difficulty, efficiency are very low, of high cost.Mining rocket launcher blasting procedure and hydrogen balloon blasting procedure pass through rocket respectively
The blasting charge is transported to block part bottom by cylinder and hydrogen balloon, is widely used two kinds of Pass blocks processing methods, such as
A kind of pass blocking well demolition set hanging pack using hydrogen balloon disclosed in the Chinese patent document of 203981038 U of CN, but
The reliability of the both methods transport blasting charge and safety are poor, and the blasting charge is usually apart from blocking position certain distance
When explode, cause demolition effect bad, it usually needs to use multiple explosion, cause serious safety hidden for underground work
Suffer from.Therefore, safe and reliable explosive Transfer method is found to realize that onepull dredging Pass blocks become quite real and tight
Urgent problem.
Invention content
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：For existing rocket launcher blasting procedure and hydrogen balloon blasting procedure, there are at low cost
But the defect of explosion accuracy and poor reliability, provide that a kind of explosion is accurate and a kind of lower-cost Pass blocks explosion dress
It sets and method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
The top of a kind of Pass blocks demolition set, including aircraft 5 and Digiplex 7, the aircraft 5 is equipped with admittedly
Determine the loading platform 8 of the blasting charge 4, the aircraft 5 is additionally provided with for monitoring the blasting charge in real time and blocking the camera of object location
9, the Digiplex 7 is connect by communication module with the flight drive module signal of aircraft 5, the Digiplex 7
It is also associated with the display equipment 6 with 9 communication connection of camera.
Further, the camera 9 further includes the headlamp 11 for providing illumination.
Further, the camera 9 and headlamp 11 are separately positioned on the holder 10 of 5 both sides of aircraft, and are kept
The both sides weight of aircraft is steady.
Further, the blasting charge 4 is fixed on by binding or gluing on loading platform 8
Further, the detonating capsule 15 on the blasting charge 4 is connect by detonator 16 with initiator.
The invention also discloses a kind of methods using above-mentioned Pass blocks demolition set, include the following steps：
Step A, thickness estimation is blocked, controls aircraft 5 to pass blocking plug thing or more from upper and lower drop shaft connecting taxiway respectively
Near portion, stopping state is observed by the camera 9 installed on aircraft 5, estimates the thickness of Pass blocks；
Step B, explosive is installed, and according to the Pass blocks thickness of step A estimations, the weight of required explosive is calculated, by cloth
The blasting charge 4 for having set detonating capsule 15 is fixed on the loading platform 8 of aircraft 5；
Step C, explosive conveys, and aircraft 5 is promoted in drop shaft connecting taxiway by Digiplex 7 by operating personnel
It near the bottom of pass blocking plug thing, is observed by the camera 9 installed on aircraft 5, the blasting charge 4 controlled on aircraft 5 is tight
Paste pass blocking plug thing bottom；
Step D, detonate explosive, the detonator 16 of detonating capsule 15 is drawn to home, detonating charge packet 4 is complete
At the blocking explosion treatment of drop shaft.
Further, estimate that the detailed process of the thickness of Pass blocks is as follows in the step A：
Aircraft 5 is controlled to the top of pass blocking plug thing, is measured and is blocked by the distance measuring equipment carried on aircraft 5
The distance L1 of one fixed position of drop shaft above object top to tamper, then aircraft 5 is controlled to the lower part of pass blocking plug thing, pass through
The distance measuring equipment carried on aircraft 5 measures the distance of another fixed position of drop shaft below tamper lower part to tamper
L2, tamper thickness L=H-L1-L2, wherein H are tamper the distance between two fixed positions up and down.
Preferably, the drop shaft connecting taxiway above and below tamper is chosen in the fixed position in the drop shaft.
Preferably, the distance measuring equipment is laser range finder.
It, can be reliable by the blasting charge, accurate using the aircraft in the present invention compared to hydrogen balloon blasting procedure more in the prior art
Really it is close to pass blocking plug thing bottom and carries out explosion, it is more other to slip although being demolished together together with aircraft after explosion
Well dredges mode, still has apparent time and cost advantage.
From the above mentioned, the present invention is ingenious using compact and flexible remotely-piloted vehicle, and drop shaft is measured using headlamp, camera
Explosive is fixed on aircraft halfpace by the thickness of blocking, smoothly is close to block up by explosive by Wireless remote control flying device
Fill in bottom, and selection can be adjusted to explosion position according to the actual conditions of tamper, operating personnel home into
Row operation, it is ensured that construction operation safety.The method of the present invention is simple and practical, and aircraft can be according to existing purchase remotely-piloted vehicle
It is improved, apparatus structure is simple, safe and reliable.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Pass blocks operating diagram in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the aircraft vertical view in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the aircraft front view in embodiment.
Figure label：1- drop shaft connecting taxiways；2- drop shafts；3- tampers；The 4- blastings charge；5- aircraft；6- shows equipment；7-
Digiplex；8- loading platforms；9- cameras；10- holders；11- headlamps；12- leads；13- ropes；14- undercarriages；
15- detonating capsules；16- detonators.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, it is illustrated that in Pass blocks explosion treatment mode be the present embodiment preferred embodiment, operating personnel
Digiplex 7 is operated in the drop shaft connecting taxiway 1 of drop shaft 2, and the blasting charge 4 is delivered to the tamper 3 of drop shaft by aircraft 5
Bottom adjusts aircraft by showing that equipment 6 is real-time, the blasting charge 4 is close to tamper bottom, then ignition charge packet, will
Tamper carries out explosion.
Referring specifically to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of Pass blocks demolition set applied in the present embodiment includes aircraft 5, display
Equipment 6, Digiplex 7 etc., wherein aircraft 5 are used as remote control distributor equipment, carry camera 9 thereon, can be closely right
Tamper in drop shaft 2 is detected, while the position that can also accurately send the blasting charge 4 to where tamper, therefore,
The top of aircraft 5 is equipped with the loading platform 8 of the fixed blasting charge 4, while camera 9 is additionally provided on aircraft 5, camera 9
Position of the blasting charge with respect to tamper can be real-time monitored, auxiliary explosive packet carries out accurate explosion to tamper.
The flight drive module of aircraft 5 is connect by communication module with 7 signal of Digiplex, and Digiplex is passed through
Near 7 control aircraft flights to tamper, observation or delivering explosion packet are carried out to tamper.Meanwhile on Digiplex 7
Be also associated with the display equipment 6 communicated to connect with camera 9, can real-time reception and show camera transmit shooting picture.
Since drop shaft is in underground, dark can also set up a headlamp 11 and be mended to camera 9 on board the aircraft
Light.In view of the stationarity of aircraft, camera 9 and headlamp 11 can be separately positioned on two side stands 10 of aircraft 5, and
Keep the both sides weight of aircraft steady.
Aircraft 5 in the present embodiment uses four axis rotor crafts, and the finger of aircraft can be realized by Digiplex 7
Fixed line flies, and can stablize realization fixed point and suspend.Remote control technology in relation to four axis rotor crafts and image
Transmission technology can refer to unmanned flight's equipment of existing maturation, and those skilled in the art can carry out selection according to actual demand to be made
With.
While purchasing existing aircraft, it is also necessary to which existing aircraft is transformed as follows：On the top of aircraft 5
A platform is arranged as loading platform 8 in portion, can be fixed on the blasting charge 4 is reliable and stable on loading platform 8；On a left side for aircraft
Camera 9 and headlamp 11 is respectively set on the holder 10 of right both sides connection rotor, the power supply of camera 9 can be directly from aircraft
Driving power carry out taking electricity, the power supply of headlamp 11 that can be connected to external power supply by lead 11, meanwhile, on the blasting charge 4
Detonating capsule 15 is connected to initiator by detonator 16, in order to keep the balance of aircraft, lead 11 and detonator 16 to distinguish
From two side-linings of aircraft to the external power supply and initiator of lower section, and tied up to below aircraft by the fixation of rope 13 simultaneously
The both sides of undercarriage 14 avoid the lead of traction and detonator from impacting the flight of aircraft.
The present embodiment also discloses a kind of method using above-mentioned Pass blocks demolition set, includes the following steps：
Step A, thickness estimation is blocked, first controls aircraft 5 to pass blocking from the drop shaft connecting taxiway 1 above tamper
The adjacent upper part of plug thing, the case where tamper top is observed by the camera 9 installed on aircraft 5, then again from positioned at stifled
Drop shaft connecting taxiway 1 below plug thing controls aircraft 5 to pass blocking plug thing adjacent bottom portions, passes through the camera shooting installed on aircraft 5
The case where first 9 observation tamper lower part, in conjunction with the thickness of estimation Pass blocks；
As shown in Figure 1, the measurement method of pass blocking plug thing thickness is specially：Laser range finder is carried on aircraft 5, from
Aircraft 5 is controlled in drop shaft connecting taxiway above tamper to the top of pass blocking plug thing 3, by the reception device of laser range finder
The junction that drop shaft connecting taxiway and drop shaft are set above tamper is stretched out, is surveyed by the laser range finder installed on aircraft 5
The distance between tamper top to the drop shaft connecting taxiway junction of drop shaft and top L1 is measured, then is controlled from from lower drop shaft connecting taxiway
The reception device of laser range finder is stretched out and drop shaft contact is arranged below tamper by aircraft 5 to the lower part of pass blocking plug thing 3
The junction in road and drop shaft measures tamper lower part to drop shaft and lower section by the laser measuring equipment installed on aircraft 5
The distance between drop shaft connecting taxiway junction L2, it is L=H-L1-L2 that can estimate tamper thickness in this way, wherein H is upper and lower
Two drop shaft connecting taxiways height distance between drop shaft junction respectively, and distance is known.
Step B, explosive is installed, according to the Pass blocks thickness of step A estimation, calculate needed for explosive weight, from flying
Laser range finder is removed on row device, the blasting charge 4 of detonating capsule 15 will be arranged by gluing or bundled fixed in aircraft 5
On loading platform 8；
Step C, explosive conveys, will by Digiplex 7 in drop shaft connecting taxiway 1 of the operating personnel below tamper
Aircraft 5 is promoted near the bottom of pass blocking plug thing, and the blasting charge and blocking are observed by the camera 9 installed on aircraft 5
The position of object bottom, the blasting charge 4 controlled on aircraft 5 are close to pass blocking plug thing bottom；
Step D, detonate explosive, the detonator 16 of detonating capsule 15 is drawn to home, detonating charge packet 4 is complete
At the blocking explosion treatment of drop shaft.
In actual mechanical process, it shall be noted that：
Loading capacity of 4 weight of the blasting charge of the calculated making of step B no more than aircraft 5.The blasting charge 4 is placed on flight
The middle part of the loading platform 8 of device, all necessary extreme care of setting, transportational process, while covering certain thickness on the top of the blasting charge 4
The protective layer of degree, and ensure that the blasting charge is solid and reliable on loading platform 8, it is therefore prevented that explosive falls off or is scraped with 2 wall of drop shaft
The risk brought.
The process that the control blasting charge 4 required by step C is close to 3 bottom of pass blocking plug thing must be careful, and selection is fried
3 bottom position of tamper that medicine is close to should be as smooth as possible.
Embodiment above describes the basic principles and main features and advantages of the present invention of the present invention, the technologies of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The concrete operating principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have various change and change
Into these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, and the claimed scope of the invention is by appended right
Claim and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Pass blocks blasting method, which is characterized in that use the drop shaft for including aircraft (5) and Digiplex (7)
Demolition set is blocked, the top of the aircraft (5) is equipped with the loading platform (8) of the fixed blasting charge (4), the aircraft (5)
It is additionally provided with for monitoring the blasting charge in real time and blocking the camera (9) of object location, the Digiplex (7) passes through communication module
It is connect with the flight drive module signal of aircraft (5), the Digiplex (7) is also associated with and camera (9) communication link
Logical display equipment (6)；
Include the following steps：
Step A, thickness estimation is blocked, the aircraft (5) of distance measuring equipment is carried respectively in pass blocking plug thing by control
Nearby estimate the thickness L of Pass blocks in top and the bottom；
Step B, explosive is installed, and according to the Pass blocks thickness of step A estimations, is calculated the weight of required explosive, will be arranged
The blasting charge (4) of detonating capsule (15) is fixed on the loading platform (8) of aircraft (5)；
Step C, explosive conveys, and aircraft (5) is promoted in drop shaft connecting taxiway by Digiplex (7) by operating personnel
Near the bottom of pass blocking plug thing, observed by the camera (9) installed on aircraft (5), the explosive on control aircraft (5)
Packet (4) is close to pass blocking plug thing bottom；
Step D, detonate explosive, and the detonator (16) of detonating capsule (15) is drawn to home, detonating charge packet (4),
Complete the blocking explosion treatment of drop shaft.
2. according to a kind of Pass blocks blasting method described in claim 1, the thickness of Pass blocks is estimated in the step A
Detailed process it is as follows：
Aircraft (5) is controlled to the top of pass blocking plug thing, is measured and is blocked by the distance measuring equipment carried on aircraft (5)
The distance L1 of one fixed position of drop shaft above object top to tamper, then aircraft (5) is controlled to the lower part of pass blocking plug thing, lead to
Cross the distance measuring equipment that is carried on aircraft (5) measure another fixed position of drop shaft below tamper lower part to tamper away from
From L2, tamper thickness L=H-L1-L2, wherein H are the known distance between two fixed positions of tamper or more.
3. according to a kind of Pass blocks blasting method described in claim 2, the fixed position in the drop shaft, which is chosen, to be blocked
Drop shaft connecting taxiway above and below object respectively with the junction of drop shaft.
4. according to a kind of Pass blocks blasting method described in claim 3, the distance measuring equipment is laser range finder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710019426.5A CN106767211B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710019426.5A CN106767211B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106767211A CN106767211A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106767211B true CN106767211B (en) | 2018-08-14 |
Family
ID=58947590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710019426.5A Active CN106767211B (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2017-01-11 | A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106767211B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109238062B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-08-04 | 中南大学 | Kinetic energy bullet device and method for dredging blocked ore pass by utilizing kinetic energy bullet device |
| CN109798811A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-24 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | A method of cleaning filling vertical tube condenses obturation |
| CN110793408B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-12-14 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Blasting method for treating chute accumulated ore |
| CN110847965B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-18 | 河南理工大学 | Efficient coal chute blockage gas-phase blasting dredging device and preparation method |
| CN112874785B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽太平矿业有限公司 | Device and method for treating drop shaft blockage |
| CN113503783A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-15 | 广西中金岭南矿业有限责任公司 | Draw shaft blocking blasting device and blasting method based on mine high-pressure water |
| CN113865452A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-31 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Controllable, safe and efficient dredging method for high-position clamping bucket of draw shaft |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5233926A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1993-08-10 | Inco Limited | Adhesive secondary blasting cone |
| CN102927864A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-13 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Device and method for performing blasting processing for ore-pass high position blockage by balloon suspended explosive powders |
| CN204041104U (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-12-24 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | A kind of underground mine drop shaft blockage-clearing device |
| CN104503458A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-08 | 兰博 | Micro individual combat unmanned plane system |
-
2017
- 2017-01-11 CN CN201710019426.5A patent/CN106767211B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5233926A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1993-08-10 | Inco Limited | Adhesive secondary blasting cone |
| CN102927864A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-13 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Device and method for performing blasting processing for ore-pass high position blockage by balloon suspended explosive powders |
| CN204041104U (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-12-24 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | A kind of underground mine drop shaft blockage-clearing device |
| CN104503458A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-08 | 兰博 | Micro individual combat unmanned plane system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106767211A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106767211B (en) | A kind of Pass blocks demolition set and method | |
| CN102997764B (en) | Method for effectively removing ore-pass blockage and blockage removal device | |
| CN105443037B (en) | A kind of top jumbolter and the top roofboltier comprising the drilling machine | |
| CN103953344B (en) | To route layering cemented filling method under one | |
| CN108361041B (en) | A kind of inclination upraise construction technology | |
| CN109029168B (en) | Blasting treatment method for underground suspended roof | |
| CN101328809A (en) | Non-bottom pillar deep hole falling-back type mining method | |
| CN104141495A (en) | Filling mining method for gently inclined medium-thickness phosphate ore body | |
| CN201884059U (en) | Underground mine slip-breaking system | |
| CN105021096B (en) | A kind of five-part form millisecond electric detonator secondary blasting construction method applied in high methane large cross-section tunnel explosion | |
| CN103266914A (en) | Automatic solid-filling coal mining control system | |
| CN113503783A (en) | Draw shaft blocking blasting device and blasting method based on mine high-pressure water | |
| CN203950414U (en) | A kind of instable slope autoalarm | |
| CN114166082B (en) | Tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure and construction process | |
| CN109612357A (en) | One kind covering object explosion Pass blocks dredging method and device | |
| CN104963688A (en) | Prevention and control method for falling of pumice at roof and two slopes of stope in medium-long hole mining | |
| CN103711488B (en) | The traction mining methods in prediction and disposal leak stopping or cavity | |
| CN104199430B (en) | Down-hole locomotive state wireless supervisory control system | |
| CN215261482U (en) | Draw shaft blocking blasting device based on mine high-pressure water | |
| CN102261874A (en) | Method for blasting large section of rock roadway at one time | |
| ITAO20140003U1 (en) | DRONE ESACOTTERO (APR) ACT AT THE AVALANCHE ARTIFICIAL DETACHMENT | |
| CN112050697A (en) | Super-huge type dangerous rock treatment construction method | |
| CN102840802A (en) | Ore pass choking-up method for deep hole blasting treatment mining area | |
| CN103541764A (en) | Filling slurry stope height accurate indicator and early warning method thereof | |
| CN110005471A (en) | A kind of driving face in coal mine protrusion prior-warning device and method based on infrared ray |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |