CN106763642B - Noise reduction method for electric automobile speed reducer and electric automobile speed reducer - Google Patents
Noise reduction method for electric automobile speed reducer and electric automobile speed reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106763642B CN106763642B CN201710096754.5A CN201710096754A CN106763642B CN 106763642 B CN106763642 B CN 106763642B CN 201710096754 A CN201710096754 A CN 201710096754A CN 106763642 B CN106763642 B CN 106763642B
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/08—Profiling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
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Abstract
The invention provides a noise reduction method for an electric automobile speed reducer and the electric automobile speed reducer, which determine a microscopic shape modification parameter according to a transmission error of the speed reducer in a gear machining process, carry out gear tooth shape modification on the speed reducer according to the microscopic shape modification parameter, reduce the transmission error of a transmission gear, improve gear meshing contact spots, optimize the speed reducer, effectively reduce gear order vibration excitation, reduce the overall noise of the speed reducer and the water average of high-order noise in a vehicle, and solve the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering, in particular to a noise reduction method for an electric automobile speed reducer and the electric automobile speed reducer.
Background
With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the sound quality inside the vehicle is more and more concerned by users. In vehicle Noise, a reducer is an important aspect affecting vehicle Noise, and therefore, Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) performance of the reducer of the electric vehicle is often used as an important component of Noise research.
In the prior art, the noise of the speed reducer is reduced mainly based on parameter optimization of the tooth number, the gear pressure angle, the helix angle, the backlash and the like of the speed reducer. However, in the actual operation process or the test process, it is found that the reducer subjected to noise reduction in this way still has high-frequency squeaking noise, and the high-frequency noise in the electric automobile is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a noise reduction method for a reducer of an electric vehicle, so as to solve the technical problem that high-frequency noise in the electric vehicle is large in the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide another noise reduction method for the reducer of the electric automobile.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide an electric automobile speed reducer.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide another electric automobile speed reducer.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a noise reduction method for a reducer of an electric vehicle, including:
determining microscopic shape modification parameters according to transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process;
and according to the microscopic shape modification parameters, carrying out gear tooth shape modification on the speed reducer.
According to the noise reduction method for the electric automobile speed reducer, the microcosmic shape modification parameters are determined according to the transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, gear teeth of the speed reducer are modified according to the microcosmic shape modification parameters, the transmission errors of a transmission gear are reduced, gear meshing contact spots are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, gear order vibration excitation is effectively reduced, the overall noise of the speed reducer and the level of high-order noise in an automobile are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention provides an electric vehicle speed reducer, where the electric vehicle speed reducer includes a first stage transmission gear and a second stage transmission gear, and the first stage transmission gear and the second stage transmission gear are processed by the noise reduction method of the electric vehicle speed reducer according to the first aspect.
The electric automobile speed reducer comprises a first-stage transmission gear and a second-stage transmission gear, wherein the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear are obtained by modifying the shape of gear teeth according to microscopic modification parameters, and the microscopic modification parameters are obtained according to transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, so that the gear teeth of the speed reducer are modified according to the microscopic modification parameters, the transmission errors of the transmission gear can be reduced, the meshing contact spots of gears are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, the gear-order vibration excitation is effectively reduced, the integral noise of the speed reducer and the water average of high-order noise in a vehicle are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a noise reduction method for a reducer of an electric vehicle, including the following steps:
determining microscopic shape modification parameters according to transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process; according to the microscopic shape modification parameters, carrying out gear tooth shape modification on the speed reducer;
wherein, according to the microcosmic profile modification parameter, gear tooth profile modification is carried out on the speed reducer and comprises the following steps: and according to the medium torque working condition of the electric automobile, gear tooth profiling is carried out on the tooth top, the tooth shape and/or the tooth direction of the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer according to the microscopic profiling parameters.
According to the noise reduction method for the electric automobile speed reducer, the microcosmic shape modification parameters are determined according to the transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, gear teeth of the speed reducer are modified according to the microcosmic shape modification parameters, the transmission errors of a transmission gear are reduced, gear meshing contact spots are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, gear order vibration excitation is effectively reduced, the overall noise of the speed reducer and the level of high-order noise in an automobile are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electric vehicle speed reducer, which includes a first stage transmission gear and a second stage transmission gear, wherein the second stage transmission gear is processed by the electric vehicle speed reducer noise reduction method according to the third aspect.
The electric automobile speed reducer comprises a first-stage transmission gear and a second-stage transmission gear, wherein the second-stage transmission gear is obtained by modifying the shape of gear teeth according to microscopic modification parameters, and the microscopic modification parameters are obtained according to transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, so that the gear teeth of the speed reducer are modified according to the microscopic modification parameters, the transmission errors of the transmission gear can be reduced, gear meshing contact spots are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, gear-order vibration excitation is effectively reduced, the overall noise of the speed reducer and the water average of high-order noise in a vehicle are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a noise reduction method for a reducer of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating another noise reduction method for a reducer of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gear contact patch test result after gear tooth profiling;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmission error test result after the gear teeth are trimmed;
FIG. 5 is a noise floor in an electric vehicle without using a decelerator of the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a noise waterfall diagram in an electric vehicle employing a retarder of the present embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the total noise values in the electric vehicle before and after the reducer according to the embodiment is used;
FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram showing the test result of the gear contact patch after the gear tooth is trimmed;
FIG. 9 is a second schematic diagram showing the transmission error test result after the gear tooth is trimmed;
fig. 10 is an in-vehicle noise floor of an electric vehicle not employing another speed reducer of the present embodiment;
fig. 11 is an in-vehicle noise waterfall diagram of an electric vehicle employing another speed reducer of the present embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a comparison graph of the total noise values in the electric vehicle before and after the speed reducer according to another embodiment of the present invention is used;
FIG. 13 is a view showing the noise of the first-stage transmission in a front and rear reduction gear of another reduction gear according to the present embodiment; and
fig. 14 is second-stage transmission in-vehicle noise using another front and rear speed reducer of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The electric vehicle speed reducer noise reduction method and the electric vehicle speed reducer according to the embodiment of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a noise reduction method for an electric vehicle speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The inventor researches on the noise reduction method of the speed reducer in the prior art, and finds that the prior art mainly optimizes macroscopic parameters, such as: tooth number, gear pressure angle, helix angle, backlash, etc. Although these macroscopic parameters also have a great influence on the vibration noise of the reducer, the noise of the reducer of the electric vehicle mainly comes from transmission errors caused by machining of gear teeth of the reducer, which is also a main cause of high-frequency squeal.
To solve the problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a noise reduction method for an electric vehicle speed reducer, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that high-frequency noise in a vehicle is large, and as shown in fig. 1, the noise reduction method for the electric vehicle speed reducer includes the following steps:
Specifically, the micro-profile modification parameters are used for performing gear tooth profile modification including tooth tops, tooth profiles and/or tooth directions, and the micro-profile modification parameters may specifically include a tooth direction drum amount, a tooth shape drum amount, a tooth direction modification amount, a tooth profile modification amount, a tooth top trimming amount and the like.
Gear tooth modification according to the tooth crown amount and the tooth modification amount can be called as tooth modification; gear tooth modification according to the tooth profile drum amount and the tooth profile modification amount can be called as tooth profile modification; the modification of the gear teeth according to the amount of the addendum modification may be referred to as addendum modification.
When the tooth profile modification and the tooth direction modification are carried out, the spiral angle of the gear is mainly changed according to the gear tooth modification carried out by the tooth direction modification amount, so the modification can also be called spiral angle modification; the modification of the gear teeth according to the modification amount of the tooth profile mainly changes the gear pressure angle, and therefore, the modification of the gear pressure angle can be called as gear pressure angle modification.
And 102, carrying out gear tooth shaping on the speed reducer according to the microscopic shaping parameters.
Specifically, according to electric automobile's operating mode difference, the operating mode of reduction gear also can have the difference to the teeth of a cogwheel that the reduction gear was gone on is repaiied the shape mode and can be adjusted according to electric automobile's operating mode difference, and simultaneously, the value of the microcosmic shape parameter of repairing that the teeth of a cogwheel was repaiied and is adopted also can be adjusted.
As a possible embodiment of the invention, for the high-torque working condition of the electric vehicle, according to the micro-modification parameters, respectively modifying the tooth tops, the tooth shapes and/or the tooth direction gear teeth of the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer.
Specifically, the medium torque is generally the torque of the electric automobile under the condition of the vehicle speed of 50-80km/h at the middle and rear sections of full acceleration or under the working condition of constant-speed running of the vehicle, and specifically, when the electric automobile is under the working condition of the medium torque, gear tooth trimming can be performed on the tooth tops, tooth forms and/or tooth directions of the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer according to microscopic trimming parameters. The specific adopted micro-modification parameters will be described in the following embodiments, and specific reference may be made to the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments.
As another possible embodiment of the invention, according to the microscopic shaping parameter, the tooth tops, tooth shapes and/or tooth directions of the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer may be subjected to gear tooth shaping for the medium torque condition of the electric vehicle. Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another noise reduction method for an electric vehicle speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, includes:
And 202, according to the medium-torque working condition of the electric automobile, according to the micro-modification parameters, gear tooth modification is carried out on the tooth crest, the tooth form and/or the tooth direction of the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer.
Specifically, the high torque is a working condition mainly used in a full-acceleration state of the electric automobile, and when the electric automobile is in a high-torque working condition, the addendum, the tooth profile and/or the tooth direction gear tooth profile of the second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer is modified according to the micro-modification parameter, and the addendum, the tooth profile and/or the tooth direction gear tooth profile of the first-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer needs to be further modified. The specific adopted micro-modification parameters will be described in the following embodiments, and specific reference may be made to the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments.
In the embodiment, the microcosmic shape modification parameters are determined according to the transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, and the gear teeth of the speed reducer are modified according to the microcosmic shape modification parameters, so that the transmission errors of the transmission gear are reduced, the gear meshing contact spots are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, the gear order vibration excitation is effectively reduced, the overall noise of the speed reducer and the water average of high-order noise in the vehicle are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In order to clearly illustrate the foregoing embodiments, the present embodiment provides an electric vehicle speed reducer, which performs a speed reducer noise reduction process for a medium torque condition of an electric vehicle based on the electric vehicle speed reducer noise reduction method provided by the foregoing embodiments.
Specifically, the electric automobile mainly travels in a short distance under urban conditions, and the automobile speed of 50-80km/h is the most common automobile speed, so the noise in the automobile under the condition of medium torque adopted under the automobile speed of 50-80km/h is very important for the quality of the sound in the automobile. The noise analysis of the inventor obtains that under the medium vehicle speed, the noise comprises certain road noise and wind noise but the noise value is low, and the noise in the vehicle is mainly caused by the motor and the reducer, so that the reduction of the noise level of the reducer under the medium torque working condition has important significance for improving the sound quality and the comfort of the whole vehicle.
In the embodiment, the gear teeth of the electric automobile are trimmed according to microscopic parameters under the working condition of medium torque, and the gear teeth of the second-stage transmission gear are trimmed.
Specifically, shaping the gear teeth of the second stage transfer gear may include shaping the gear teeth based on a tooth crown amount and a tooth direction crown amount. Meanwhile, the gear tooth shaping of the second-stage transmission gear can further comprise gear tooth shaping according to the tooth direction shaping amount and the tooth form shaping amount.
The spiral angle modification according to the tooth direction modification amount and the gear pressure angle modification according to the tooth shape modification amount can reduce the vibration of an excitation source at medium torque, thereby reducing the radiation noise of a shell of the speed reducer and reducing the vibration coupling with a motor and the speed reducer in an electric automobile, wherein the reduced radiation noise is mainly the medium-high frequency noise of 300 plus 2000 Hz. Because the human ears are very sensitive to the medium-high frequency noise in the frequency range of 1000Hz-2000Hz, the subjective feeling is annoying howling noise, if the noise with the frequency occurs, the comfort of seats in a vehicle can be seriously influenced, but no speed reducer developed by the high-frequency howling noise of the speed reducer under the working condition of medium torque and low speed exists in the prior art. In the prior art, the electric automobile power assembly product generally only focuses on the performances of the reducer macro gear parameter, the transmission efficiency, the transmission torque, the reliability and the like, and the inventor considers the influence of the reducer gear micro modification design on the NVH performance, thereby solving the problem of high-frequency noise in the electric automobile and improving the comfort of the whole automobile.
Furthermore, according to the tooth width of the second-stage transmission gear, the matched left and right evaluation points can be obtained through calculation, when the tooth width of the second-stage transmission gear is changed, the left and right evaluation points need to be recalculated, and therefore the calculated left and right evaluation points are adopted to continue gear tooth shaping of the electric automobile speed reducer, and the transmission error in the gear meshing process of the electric automobile speed reducer is reduced.
As a possible implementation manner, the electric vehicle speed reducer in the embodiment may adopt the following micro-modification parameters.
TABLE 1 microcosmic shape modification parameters of reducer of electric vehicle under medium torque working condition
For convenience of distinction, the driving gear of the first stage transmission gear is referred to as a first driving gear, the driven gear of the first stage transmission gear is referred to as a first driven gear, the driving gear of the second stage transmission gear is referred to as a second driving gear, and the driven gear of the second stage transmission gear is referred to as a second driven gear.
Further, while the gear teeth of the electric automobile speed reducer are modified by using the micro modification parameters, the speed reducer may be further modified in a macro manner, specifically, in this embodiment, for the electric automobile speed reducer under the medium torque condition, the number of teeth of the first driving gear in the first-stage transmission gear may be 27, the number of teeth of the first driven gear may be 59, the number of teeth of the second driving gear in the second-stage transmission gear may be 21, and the number of teeth of the second driven gear may be 74.
In order to clearly illustrate the noise reduction effect of the electric automobile speed reducer provided by the embodiment, the inventor tests the electric automobile speed reducer provided by the embodiment. The gear contact spot and the transmission error are mainly tested, fig. 3 is one of the schematic diagrams of the test results of the gear contact spot after the gear teeth are trimmed, as shown in fig. 3, under the working condition of medium torque, the tooth surface is uniformly distributed, and the contact range is mainly concentrated in the area of 80% of the center of the tooth surface, which indicates that the gear is well contacted.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission error test result after gear tooth modification, and as shown in fig. 4, a peak value of a gear meshing transmission error is 0.48um at most, which is reduced by 80% compared with that before gear tooth modification, and is substantially in sinusoidal distribution, frequency multiplication harmonic components are few, and gear order vibration excitation is effectively reduced.
The speed reducer is installed in an electric automobile for noise testing, as a possible implementation mode, the electric automobile adopts a 4-antipodal permanent magnet synchronous motor, 24 th-order torque fluctuation and excitation noise are obvious before the shape modification of the speed reducer is carried out, the electric automobile has large motor torque in a low-speed starting stage, the noise of the current path is small, and the order noise of the motor and the speed reducer, namely high-frequency noise, is more obvious in the automobile. In order to completely avoid the hardening and tempering phenomenon of the motor noise of 24 th order at the low-speed starting stage, the gear tooth shaping is carried out on the speed reducer by adopting the micro-shaping parameters in the table 1, and the macro-parameters of the gear are redesigned, namely the tooth number of the first driving gear in the first-stage transmission gear is 27, the tooth number of the first driven gear is 59, the tooth number of the second driving gear in the second-stage transmission gear is 21, and the tooth number of the second driven gear is 74. The pressure angle of the first-stage transmission gear is 15 degrees, the spiral angle of the first-stage transmission gear is 27 degrees, and the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear adopt 6-stage machining precision.
The noise test is carried out on the electric automobile, the test is carried out on a horizontal asphalt pavement, the automobile runs on the pavement, the peak torque is 180N m, the rotating speed of the motor is 0-7100 rpm, the noise is effectively low in an acceleration state, the noise of the speed reducer and the noise of the motor are decoupled in a low-speed stage within 50km/h of the automobile speed, and the hardening and tempering phenomenon can be avoided. Fig. 5 is an in-vehicle noise waterfall diagram of an electric vehicle not employing a decelerator of the present embodiment, and fig. 6 is an in-vehicle noise waterfall diagram of an electric vehicle employing a decelerator of the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, after the reducer of the present embodiment is adopted, the high-frequency two-stage transmission order 9.6-order noise of the waterfall diagram is substantially eliminated, the waterfall diagram is smoother, the noise within the range of the motor rotation speed of 1000rpm to 1500rpm is improved, the 27-order noise of the first-stage transmission gear of the reducer is separated from the 24-order noise of the motor, and no hardening and tempering phenomenon occurs, so that compared with an electric vehicle without the reducer of the present embodiment, the 27-order noise is significantly reduced.
Fig. 7 is a comparison graph of the total noise values in the electric vehicle before and after the speed reducer according to the embodiment is used, where as shown in fig. 7, a black line is the total noise value in the electric vehicle without the speed reducer according to the embodiment, and a gray line is the total noise value in the electric vehicle with the speed reducer according to the embodiment. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the total value of the noise in the vehicle above the motor speed of 3000rpm (about 40km/h) is reduced by 3-5dB (A), especially within the rotation speed of 4000rpm to 7000rpm of the motor, the noise in the vehicle is obviously improved, and the sound quality is improved.
Therefore, the reducer in the embodiment comprises the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear, wherein the second-stage transmission gear is obtained by modifying the shape of the gear teeth according to the microscopic modification parameters, and the microscopic modification parameters are obtained according to the transmission errors of the reducer in the gear machining process, so that the gear teeth of the reducer are modified according to the microscopic modification parameters, the transmission errors of the transmission gear can be reduced, the meshing contact spots of the gear are improved, the reducer is optimized, the vibration excitation of the gear order is effectively reduced, the integral noise of the reducer and the water average of high-order noise in a vehicle are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In order to clearly illustrate the foregoing method embodiment, the present embodiment provides another electric vehicle speed reducer, which performs the speed reducer noise reduction processing for high-torque operating conditions of an electric vehicle based on the electric vehicle speed reducer noise reduction method provided by the foregoing embodiment.
In the embodiment, the gear tooth profile modification is mainly performed on the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear according to the microscopic parameters of the electric automobile under the high-torque working condition. The gear tooth profile modification specifically comprises a tooth profile modification, a tooth direction modification and a tooth top edge modification.
As a possible implementation manner, the electric vehicle speed reducer in the embodiment may adopt the following micro-modification parameters. The microscopic modification parameters of the first stage transmission gear are shown in table 2, and the microscopic modification parameters of the second stage transmission gear are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 microscopic profile parameters for the first stage transmission gear
TABLE 3 microscopic profile parameters for the second stage transmission gear
It should be noted that, in the electric vehicle speed reducer provided in the previous embodiment, the same micro-modification parameters are used for the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface, and therefore, the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface are not distinguished. The electric automobile reducer provided by the embodiment adopts different modification parameters due to different tooth surface transmission effects, so that the two tooth surface transmission effects need to be distinguished. Specifically, in table 2, the left tooth surface is the driven surface and the right tooth surface is the driving surface, and in table 3, the left tooth surface is the driving surface and the right tooth surface is the driven surface.
Further, while the gear teeth of the electric automobile speed reducer are modified by adopting microscopic modification parameters, the speed reducer can be further modified macroscopically, specifically, in this embodiment, for the electric automobile speed reducer under the working condition of high torque, the number of teeth of the first driving gear in the first-stage transmission gear may be 29, and the number of teeth of the first driven gear may be 48.
In order to clearly illustrate the noise reduction effect of the electric automobile speed reducer provided by the embodiment, the inventor tests the electric automobile speed reducer provided by the embodiment. The gear contact spots and the transmission errors are mainly tested, fig. 8 is a second schematic diagram of the test result of the gear contact spots after the gear teeth are trimmed, as shown in fig. 8, under the working condition of medium torque, the tooth surfaces are uniformly distributed, and the contact range is mainly concentrated in the area of 80% of the center of the tooth surfaces, which indicates that the gear contact is good.
Fig. 9 is a second schematic diagram of the transmission error test result after the gear tooth is shaped, as shown in fig. 9, the maximum peak value of the gear meshing transmission error is 0.4um, which is reduced by 90% compared with that before the gear tooth is shaped, and the peak value is basically distributed in a sine shape, so that the frequency multiplication harmonic component is less, and the gear order vibration excitation is effectively reduced.
The speed reducer is installed in an electric automobile for noise testing, as a possible implementation mode, the electric automobile adopts a 4-antipodal permanent magnet synchronous motor, 24 th-order torque fluctuation and excitation noise are obvious before the shape modification of the speed reducer is carried out, the electric automobile has large motor torque in a low-speed starting stage, the noise of the current path is small, and the order noise of the motor and the speed reducer, namely high-frequency noise, is more obvious in the automobile. In order to completely avoid the hardening and tempering phenomenon of the motor noise of the 24 th order in the low-speed starting stage, the gear teeth of the speed reducer are subjected to gear tooth shaping by adopting the micro-shaping parameters in the tables 2 and 3, and the macro-parameters of the gear are redesigned, namely the tooth number of the first driving gear in the first-stage transmission gear is 29, and the tooth number of the first driven gear is 48. The pressure angle of the first-stage transmission gear is 15 degrees, the spiral angle of the first-stage transmission gear is 27 degrees, and the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear adopt 6-stage machining precision.
The noise test is carried out on the electric automobile, the test is carried out on a horizontal asphalt pavement, the automobile runs on the pavement, the peak torque is 180N m, the rotating speed of the motor is 0rpm to 6500rpm, the noise is effectively low in an acceleration state, the noise of the speed reducer and the noise of the motor are decoupled in a low-speed stage within 50km/h of the automobile speed, and the hardening and tempering phenomenon can be avoided. Fig. 10 is an in-vehicle noise waterfall diagram of an electric vehicle not employing another speed reducer of the present embodiment, and fig. 11 is an in-vehicle noise waterfall diagram of an electric vehicle employing another speed reducer of the present embodiment. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, after the reducer of the present embodiment is adopted, the high-frequency order noise in the waterfall graph is substantially eliminated, and the waterfall graph is smoother.
In the test results of the total noise values, fig. 12 is a comparison graph of the total noise values in the electric vehicle before and after the other speed reducer of the present embodiment is used, fig. 13 is the first-stage transmission vehicle interior noise of the other speed reducer of the present embodiment, fig. 14 is the second-stage transmission vehicle interior noise of the other speed reducer of the present embodiment, in fig. 12 to 14, a black solid line is the test result of the speed reducer of the present embodiment not used, and a gray broken line is the test result of the speed reducer of the present embodiment used. As can be seen from FIGS. 12 to 14, the total noise value in the vehicle is reduced by 3dB (A), especially within the rotation speed ranges of 200rpm to 1300rpm and 2500rpm to 4000rpm, the noise in the vehicle is obviously reduced, the noise of the first stage transmission order of the speed reducer is reduced from 50dB (A) to 42dB (A) at the maximum, the noise of the second stage transmission order of the speed reducer is reduced from 62dB (A) to 56dB (A) at the maximum, the noise in the vehicle is obviously improved, and the sound quality is improved.
In the embodiment, the electric automobile speed reducer comprises a first-stage transmission gear and a second-stage transmission gear, wherein the first-stage transmission gear and the second-stage transmission gear are obtained by modifying the shape of the gear teeth according to the microscopic modification parameters, and the microscopic modification parameters are obtained according to the transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process, so that the gear teeth modification is carried out on the speed reducer according to the microscopic modification parameters, the transmission errors of the transmission gear can be reduced, the meshing contact spots of the gear are improved, the speed reducer is optimized, the vibration excitation of the gear order is effectively reduced, the overall noise of the speed reducer and the water average of high-order noise in the automobile are reduced, and the technical problem of high-frequency noise in the prior art is solved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing steps of a custom logic function or process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The noise reduction method for the electric automobile speed reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining microscopic shape modification parameters according to transmission errors of the speed reducer in the gear machining process;
according to the microscopic shape modification parameters, carrying out gear tooth shape modification on the speed reducer;
wherein, according to the micro-modification parameter, gear teeth modification is carried out on the speed reducer, and the method comprises the following steps: respectively modifying the tooth tops, the tooth shapes and/or the tooth direction gear teeth of a first-stage transmission gear and a second-stage transmission gear in the speed reducer according to the microcosmic modification parameters under the high-torque working condition of the electric automobile;
the first-stage transmission gear comprises a first driving gear and a first driven gear; the first driving gear and the first driven gear comprise a driven left tooth surface and a driving right tooth surface, and different micro-modification parameters are adopted for the driven left tooth surface and the driving right tooth surface;
the second-stage transmission gear comprises a second driving gear and a second driven gear; the second driving gear and the second driven gear respectively comprise a driving left tooth surface and a driven right tooth surface, and the driving left tooth surface and the driven right tooth surface adopt different microscopic modification parameters.
2. The method of reducing noise in an electric vehicle retarder of claim 1,
the tooth direction drum shape quantity and the tooth shape drum shape quantity of the first-stage transmission gear are both (5 +/-3) um.
3. The method of reducing noise in an electric vehicle retarder of claim 1,
the tooth direction modification amount of the first driving gear is zero on the left tooth surface, and the right tooth surface is 8um +/-10% in the reducing direction of the helical angle;
the axial modification amount of the first driven gear is 8um +/-10% in the left tooth surface along the decreasing direction of the spiral angle, and the right tooth surface is 8um +/-10% in the increasing direction of the spiral angle;
the tooth profile modification amount of the first driving gear is zero on the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface;
the tooth profile modification quantity of the first driven gear is in the left tooth surface along the pressure angle increasing direction (5 +/-5) um, and the right tooth surface along the pressure angle increasing direction (5 +/-5) um.
4. The method of reducing noise in an electric vehicle retarder of claim 1,
the addendum trimming amount of the first-stage transmission gear is 10um +/-10%.
5. The method of reducing noise in an electric vehicle retarder of claim 1,
and the tooth direction drum amount and the tooth shape drum amount of the second-stage transmission gear are both (8 +/-4) um.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stage transmission gear comprises a second driving gear and a second driven gear;
the addendum trimming amount of the second driving gear is 10um +/-10%;
the addendum trimming amount of the second driven gear is 15um +/-10%.
7. The method for reducing the noise of the electric automobile speed reducer according to claim 1, wherein the axial modification amount of the second driving gear is (0 ± 5) um on the left tooth surface, and the right tooth surface is (10 ± 5) um along the increasing direction of the helical angle;
the axial modification amount of the second driven gear is (0 +/-5) um on the left tooth surface, and the right tooth surface is (10 +/-5) um along the decreasing direction of the helical angle;
the tooth profile modification quantity of the second driving gear is in the pressure angle reducing direction (-15 +/-5) um on the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface;
the tooth profile modification quantity of the second driven gear is equal to the sum of the left tooth surface and the right tooth surface along the pressure angle increasing direction (15 +/-5) um.
8. The method for reducing noise of an electric vehicle speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the gear ratio of the first driving gear to the first driven gear in the first-stage transmission gear is 29/48.
9. The method for reducing the noise of the electric automobile speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high-torque working condition is a working condition of the electric automobile in a full acceleration state.
10. An electric automobile reducer, characterized in that, the electric automobile reducer includes a first stage transmission gear and a second stage transmission gear, the first stage transmission gear and the second stage transmission gear are processed by the electric automobile reducer noise reduction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN112943905B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2024-02-23 | 佛山职业技术学院 | Noise reduction method and noise reduction system for electric automobile gearbox |
| CN113063589B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2023-07-04 | 重庆青山工业有限责任公司 | Gear microscopic error vibration prediction method based on neural network |
| CN112989523A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-06-18 | 盛瑞传动股份有限公司 | Involute gear design method and device, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN114368268B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-11-03 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Power assembly, noise suppression method and electric automobile |
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