CN106762418A - 基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统 - Google Patents

基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统 Download PDF

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CN106762418A
CN106762418A CN201710037846.6A CN201710037846A CN106762418A CN 106762418 A CN106762418 A CN 106762418A CN 201710037846 A CN201710037846 A CN 201710037846A CN 106762418 A CN106762418 A CN 106762418A
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heat
wind
accumulation
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何凤兰
李晔
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/0208Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
    • F24H7/0233Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/20Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/028Control arrangements therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14Thermal energy storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种孤岛能源系统技术领域的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,包括:风力发电机、电力控制器、蓄热箱体和蓄电池,其中:风力发电机与电力控制器的输入端相连,电力控制器的输出端分别与蓄热箱体和蓄电池相连;所述的蓄热箱体外部包裹保温材料,内部填充自发热复合相变蓄热材料,且所述蓄热箱体内设有不锈钢传热水管。本发明通过风力发电供给蓄电池蓄电,并将剩余的电能或者无法吸收的波动电能供给蓄热装置蓄热,适用于孤岛风力发电波动大的特点,能够实现电能、热能的合理利用。

Description

基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种孤岛能源系统领域的技术,具体是一种基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统。
背景技术
随着我国开发海洋战略的不断推进,海岛对于我国国防安全、经济发展越来越重要。由于海岛离大陆地区远,大陆电网无法接入,因此在这些地方生活工作,首先要克服的就是能源自给自足问题。目前海岛大多数采用柴油机发电,通过定期海船运输柴油,为海岛提供能源。但是,柴油机对当地环境、周围海洋造成了污染,而且一旦遭遇恶劣天气,柴油无法供应的情况下,海岛顿时陷入能源短缺危机,无法正常生活。由于海岛常年风能丰富,近年来,在海岛利用风力发电机发电提供电能成为研究的热点。
尽管海岛风力资源丰富,但是风力发电具有不稳定、波动大等特点,例如台风季节风能丰富,但是受蓄电系统的功率限制,无法存储多余的电能。而风力较小的时候电力不足,需要通过额外的柴油发电弥补,从而使得风力发电系统复杂,冗余度高,投资成本大,海岛风力系统推广难。另外,在生活和工作中不仅需要电能,还需要热能,例如洗澡热水、海水蒸发淡化等等。如果采用蓄电系统蓄积的电能用于产热,将是对风力发电不合理的运用,极大的浪费风电资源。
因此,如何在孤岛系统中合理利用风能,优化设计蓄电、蓄热系统已成为孤岛能源系统设计领域的重要课题。对于蓄热系统一方面应选择合适的相变蓄热材料,另一方面应采用合适的电加热技术手段,防止设置电加热辅助装置后因极大电流冲击而损坏电加热辅助装置和相变蓄热材料。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提出了一种基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,通过风力发电供给蓄电池蓄电,并将剩余的电能或者无法吸收的波动电能供给蓄热装置蓄热,适用于孤岛风力发电波动大的特点,能够实现电能、热能的合理利用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,
本发明包括:风力发电机、电力控制器、蓄热箱体和蓄电池,其中:风力发电机与电力控制器的输入端相连,电力控制器的输出端分别与蓄热箱体和蓄电池相连;
所述的蓄热箱体外部包裹保温材料,内部填充自发热复合相变蓄热材料,且所述蓄热箱体内设有不锈钢传热水管。
所述的自发热复合相变蓄热材料包括2wt%~10wt%膨胀石墨粉和90wt%~98wt%三元硝酸盐,所述自发热复合相变蓄热材料的相变温度范围为90℃~110℃,耐温温度大于450℃。
所述的电力控制器首先监控风力发电机发出的电压,在设定的电压范围内电力控制器控制风力发电机向蓄电池供电,一旦蓄电池蓄满或者供电电压不符合设定范围,则电力控制器控制风力发电机向蓄热箱体供电,蓄热箱体内自发热复合相变蓄热材料在电流作用下发热,从而蓄热。
技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明能够有效平衡风力发电的不稳定波动,将无法蓄积的电能或多余的电能转换为热能,提高风力能源使用效率,适合以风力发电为主的孤岛能源系统,例如海岛、高原等无法连接电网的偏僻地区;而本发明中使用的自发热复合相变蓄热材料相对于常规相变蓄热材料,不需要额外的电加热器并且能够承受大电流冲击,能够导电并根据电压调节发热功率,发热快,电发热效率可达100%,使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统结构示意图;
图中:风力发电机1、电力控制器2、蓄热箱体3、不锈钢传热水管4、蓄电池5。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例包括:风力发电机1、电力控制器2、蓄热箱体3和蓄电池5,其中:风力发电机1与电力控制器2的输入端相连,电力控制器2的输出端分别与蓄热箱体3和蓄电池5相连;
所述的蓄热箱体3外部包裹厚度为10cm~20cm石棉保温材料,内部填充自发热复合相变蓄热材料,且所述蓄热箱体3内设有不锈钢传热水管4。
所述的自发热复合相变蓄热材料包括2wt%~10wt%膨胀石墨粉和90wt%~98wt%三元硝酸盐;所述自发热复合相变蓄热材料的相变温度范围为90℃~110℃,耐温温度大于450℃。
所述的三元硝酸盐由硝酸钾、硝酸钙和硝酸锂组成,其质量配比为硝酸钾60~75%;硝酸锂0.5~15%,硝酸钙12~40%,优选为硝酸钾为65.2%,硝酸锂14.8%,硝酸钙20.0%。该相变蓄热材料熔点在100℃左右,能够在500℃密封条件下具有良好的化学稳定性。
本实施例在工作中,海岛上架设的风力发电机1持续工作,蓄电池5在电力控制器2引导下逐渐充满,为海岛提供电能;在风力出现较大波动或蓄电池5充满后,例如风力发出的电压波动范围大于设置供电电压的20%时,电力控制器2将电路切换至蓄热箱体3,风力发电机1产生的电能在自发热复合相变蓄热材料作用下转化为热能;冷水通过不锈钢传热水管4进入蓄热箱体3中换热,自发热复合相变蓄热材料释放热能,加热冷水使之成为热水,热水从不锈钢传热水管4出口流出,从而将蓄积热能带出系统,为用户提供热能。
本发明实施例与相同体积的水蓄热相比,蓄热能力提高一倍以上,蓄热故障率降低50%,系统中蓄电池使用寿命能提高30%,整体系统的风电转换效率提高20%,系统可靠性最大可以提高40%。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征在于,包括:风力发电机、电力控制器、蓄热箱体和蓄电池,其中:风力发电机与电力控制器的输入端相连,电力控制器的输出端分别与蓄热箱体和蓄电池相连;
所述的蓄热箱体外部包裹保温材料,内部填充自发热复合相变蓄热材料,且所述蓄热箱体内设有不锈钢传热水管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征是,所述的自发热复合相变蓄热材料包括2wt%~10wt%膨胀石墨粉和90wt%~98wt%三元硝酸盐。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征是,所述的三元硝酸盐由硝酸钾、硝酸钙和硝酸锂组成。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征是,所述的三元硝酸盐中硝酸钾60~75%;硝酸锂0.5~15%,硝酸钙12~40%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征是,所述自发热复合相变蓄热材料的相变温度范围为90℃~110℃,耐温温度大于450℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统,其特征是,所述的蓄热箱体外部包裹的保温材料是厚度为10cm~20cm的石棉。
CN201710037846.6A 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 基于风力发电可调节蓄电蓄热的孤岛能源系统 Pending CN106762418A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20170531