CN106756987A - A kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756987A CN106756987A CN201611026235.3A CN201611026235A CN106756987A CN 106756987 A CN106756987 A CN 106756987A CN 201611026235 A CN201611026235 A CN 201611026235A CN 106756987 A CN106756987 A CN 106756987A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof, the laser cladding layer that the present invention is obtained includes matrix, heat affected area, transition region and cladding area, transition region is in heat affected area and the interval formation of cladding, the wherein metallographic structure of transition region is the duplex structure that lath martensite and austenite are constituted, cladding area is in tiny equiaxed grain structure, and cladding layer has excellent intensity and plasticity and toughness, and strength and ductility product level is high, matched with excellent intensity and toughness, bearing capacity is strong；And invention further provides the preparation method of laser cladding layer.Laser cladding layer proposed by the present invention and preparation method, significantly improve the bond strength at cladding interface, effectively eliminate the anisotropy of metallurgical interface defect, component segregation, uneven microstructure and mechanical property, the probability that cladding layer fails caused by local damage is reduced, and causes that heat distribution in cladding interface is more uniform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser melting and coating technique, and in particular to a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique is the modified method in surface of rising in recent years, and the principle of laser melting coating refers to be added with different
Be added to cladding material by the surface of cladding matrix by material mode, using the laser emission of high-energy-density to matrix surface, makes
Matrix surface thin layer and cladding material rapid melting simultaneously solidify generation metallurgical binding, significantly improve the wear-and corrosion-resistant of matrix surface
Property.Laser melting coating is compared with conventional surface engineering, and heat input is relatively low, and the thermal deformation of material is small, consumes energy small, using flexible, reason
By above in various material surfaces laser melting and coating technique can be used, and following process very little or need not process.Additionally, laser
Chilling in cladding process can make that the tissue of cladding layer is finer and close, and crystal grain is more refined, so that mechanical property is shown
Write and improve.
The cladding Rotating fields that existing laser melting and coating process is obtained are generally divided into 3 regions：Cladding area, heat affected area and base
Body.In cladding process, because molten bath and basal body interface have larger thermograde, make nucleus excellent along the direction of vertical interface
Choosing growth, gradually forms the different column crystal of size.This institutional framework of cladding area can cause cladding layer alloy skewness
It is even, larger component segregation is easily caused, while bringing cladding layer mechanical property to there is serious anisotropy, make making for cladding layer
Due universality is lost to different stress states with performance and service life；Simultaneously for the steel matrix of superhigh intensity,
Its surface when preparing laser cladding layer would generally, fragility high because of intensity it is big and easily form substantial amounts of metallurgical imperfection at cladding interface
And cause cladding layer interface bond strength not enough, it is difficult to the tensile load of superelevation is born, causes to be susceptible to during being on active service crisp
Property fracture.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provided to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art a kind of high strength and ductility (i.e. tensile strength with
The product of elongation after fracture, its level is higher, and usual intensity and plasticity and toughness are better) laser cladding layer and preparation method, the present invention
The laser cladding layer for obtaining includes matrix, heat affected area, transition region and cladding area, and transition region is in heat affected area and cladding interval shape
Into the wherein metallographic structure of transition region is the duplex structure that lath martensite and austenite are constituted, and cladding area is in tiny equiaxial
Crystalline substance tissue；And invention further provides the preparation method of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer.High strength and ductility proposed by the present invention
Laser cladding layer and preparation method, are remarkably improved the bond strength at cladding interface, effectively eliminate metallurgical interface defect, composition inclined
The anisotropy of analysis, uneven microstructure and mechanical property, reduces the probability that cladding layer fails caused by local damage, and cause molten
Cover interface heat distribution more uniform.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, is formed by laser melting and coating process cladding by cladding powder on matrix；
The laser cladding layer includes matrix, heat affected area, transition region and cladding area；Characterized in that, the heat affected area and cladding
Interval forms transition region；The metallographic structure of the transition region is the duplex structure that lath martensite and austenite are constituted, described molten
The crystal structure for covering area is the equiax crystal of fine uniform.
Wherein, matrix is super high strength martensitic stainless steel, such as 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N；Laser cladding powder is
1Cr15Ni4Mo3N stainless steels are prepared through Si, B element microalloying, by 15-60 μm and the micro-nano spheric granules of 120-450nm
Collectively constitute.
A kind of further preferred scheme of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer proposed by the present invention is：
Wherein, in the duplex structure of transition region, the weight percent content of lath martensite tissue is 55%-92%, difficult to understand
The weight percent content of family name's body tissue is 8%-45%；The weight percent content of preferably lath martensite tissue is
65%-80%, the weight percent content of the austenite structure is 20%-35%.
Wherein, the thickness of transition region is 50-1200 microns, preferably 700-900 microns.
Present invention further proposes a kind of preparation method of laser cladding layer, comprise the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；The cladding area of matrix is heat-treated, is polished, is removed contamination；
Step 2：Laser cladding process：By the pretreated matrix feeding LRF-M-II type laser melting coating systems of step one,
Using coaxial powder-feeding mode, cladding layer is formed in matrix surface using multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology, it is simultaneously right in cladding process
Laser melting coating area carries out the protection of inert gas；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 0.8-1.4KW,
Laser scan rate is 0.005-0.02m/s, and powder feeding rate is 2.5-10mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6-2.0mm, and laser is more
Passage overlapping rate is 40-50%, and passage is 2-10 roads, and the path of laser facula is Z-shaped or arc type path；Inert gas
Flow is 350-400L/h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer obtained to step 2 carries out Low-temperature stress-relief annealing treatment.
Wherein, the parameter in step 2 in laser cladding process is preferably：Laser power is 1.0-1.2KW, laser scanning
Speed is 0.010-0.015m/s, and powder feeding rate is 4.5-8.0mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6-1.8mm, and laser multi-pass is taken
Rate is connect for 45-50%, passage is 5-8 roads.
Wherein, the temperature of the heat treatment described in step 3 is 250-550 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 4-8h.
Wherein, the pretreatment of the matrix surface described in step one is specially：Matrix surface is heat-treated, heat treatment
Temperature is 150-350 DEG C, and the time is 1-5h；Grinding process is carried out to the matrix surface after heat treatment again, then with alcohol and stone
Oily ether cleaning.
Wherein, matrix is super high strength martensitic stainless steel, such as 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N；Laser cladding powder is
1Cr15Ni4Mo3N materials through Si, element microalloying prepare, be total to by the micro-nano spheric granules of 15-60 μm and 120-450nm
With composition；Wherein, laser is semiconductor laser, and protective gas is inert gas.
The path of laser facula of the present invention be " Z " font or " bow " font path, advantageously reduce thermal stress with
Transformation stress is accumulated, and reduces cladding layer tearing tendency.
A kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer proposed by the present invention and preparation method, compared with prior art, beneficial effect
For：
(1) high strength and ductility laser cladding layer proposed by the present invention, in heat affected area and the interval formation transition region of cladding, transition
The metallurgical structure in area is the duplex structure that lath martensite and austenite are constituted, lath martensite have hardness higher and
Intensity, austenite has good plasticity；The present invention further containing to the lath martensite in transition region and austenite structure
Amount is regulated and controled, and has regulated and controled the size of transition region；This line and staff control imparts the excellent obdurability of transition region, Neng Gouyou
The buffer mechanism that plays a part of of effect is loaded, and the bond strength to improving cladding interface has positive effect；And in the present invention
Cladding area be organized as uniform equiax crystal, for traditional cladding interface column crystal, effectively eliminate metallurgical lacking
The anisotropy of sunken, component segregation, structural heterogenity and mechanical property so that it is general that cladding layer fails caused by local damage
Rate is significantly reduced.
(2) matching of optimal control laser power of the present invention, cladding speed and powder quantity delivered, and implement appropriate passage
Thermal cycle, so that the martensite generation partial austenitic of appropriate roughening changes and obvious crystal grain does not occur growing up, forms soft
The hard duplex structure for coordinating；And the present invention realizes transition region size and plate by regulating and controlling single track heat input and thermal cycle cycle
The regulation and control of bar martensite and austenite two-phase content, and then realize the control of transition region performance.
(3) path by controlling laser melting coating of the invention, " Z " font or " bow " are changed to by former linear unidirectional cladding path
Font path, makes the heat distribution of cladding interface more uniform, and effectively reduces cladding interface localized temperature gradients, improves molten bath equal
Even nucleation ability simultaneously controls crystal grain slowly to grow, so as to obtain tiny uniform equiax crystal and reduce thermal stress and transformation stress
Accumulation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Laser cladding layer metallurgical structure.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；Descale, grinding process are carried out to matrix surface, and using petroleum ether, wine
Essence and the cleaning of acetone ultrasonic wave, then carry out the pre-heat treatment, and the temperature for the treatment of is 150 DEG C, and the time is 5h；
Step 2：Laser cladding process：By the pretreated matrix feeding LFR-M-II type semiconductor lasers of step one,
Using coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, cladding layer is formed in matrix surface using multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology, in cladding process simultaneously
The protection of argon gas atmosphere is carried out to laser melting coating area；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 0.8KW, is swashed
Optical scanning speed is 0.005m/s, and powder feeding rate is 2.5mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6mm, and laser multi-pass overlapping rate is
40%, passage is 2 roads, and the path of laser facula is Z-shaped path；The flow of argon gas is 350L/h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer that step 2 is obtained is heat-treated, wherein the temperature being heat-treated is 250 DEG C,
Heat treatment time is 8h.
Matrix in the present embodiment uses 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N, and laser cladding powder is micro- through B, Si using 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N
Alloying is prepared from, spherical in shape, is collectively constituted by micron and nano particle.
The laser cladding layer that method in the present embodiment is prepared, including matrix, heat affected area and cladding area；Wherein,
Heat affected area and the interval formation transition region of cladding；The metallographic structure of transition region is the two-phase group that lath martensite and austenite are constituted
Knit, the crystal structure of cladding area is uniform equiax crystal.Wherein, the weight percent content of lath martensite tissue is 92%,
The weight percent content of the austenite structure is 8%；The size of transition region is 50 microns.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；Descale, grinding process are carried out to matrix surface, and using petroleum ether, wine
Essence and the cleaning of acetone ultrasonic wave, then carry out the pre-heat treatment, and the temperature of heat treatment is 250 DEG C, and the time is 3h；
Step 2：Laser cladding process：By the pretreated matrix feeding LFR-M-II type semiconductor lasers of step one,
Using coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, cladding layer is formed in matrix surface using multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology, in cladding process simultaneously
The protection of argon gas atmosphere is carried out to laser melting coating area；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 1.0KW, is swashed
Optical scanning speed is 0.01m/s, and powder feeding rate is 4.5mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6mm, and laser multi-pass overlapping rate is
45%, passage is 5 roads, and the path of laser facula is Z-shaped path；The flow of argon gas is 350L/h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer that step 2 is obtained is heat-treated, wherein the temperature being heat-treated is 300 DEG C,
Heat treatment time is 7h.
Matrix in the present embodiment uses 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N, and laser cladding powder is micro- through B, Si using 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N
Alloy is prepared from.
The laser cladding layer that method in the present embodiment is prepared, participates in Fig. 1, including matrix, heat affected area and cladding
Area；Wherein, heat affected area and the interval formation transition region of cladding；The metallographic structure of transition region is that lath martensite and austenite are constituted
Duplex structure, the crystal structure of cladding area is uniform equiax crystal.Wherein, the weight percent content of lath martensite tissue
It is 82%, the weight percent content of the austenite structure is 18%；The size of transition region is 882 microns.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；Matrix surface is carried out descale, polishing, and using petroleum ether, alcohol and
Acetone is cleaned, and then carries out the pre-heat treatment, and the temperature of heat treatment is 350 DEG C, and the time is 1h
Step 2：Laser cladding process：The pretreated matrix of step one is sent into LFR-M-II type semiconductor lasers
Device, using synchronous mode coaxial powder-feeding mode, cladding layer, cladding process is formed using multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology in matrix surface
In the protection of argon gas atmosphere is carried out to laser melting coating area simultaneously；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is
1.2KW, laser scan rate is 0.015m/s, and powder feeding rate is 8.0mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.8mm, and laser multi-pass is taken
It is 50% to connect rate, and passage is 8 roads, and the path of laser facula is Z-shaped or arc type path；The flow of argon gas is 380L/h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer that step 2 is obtained is heat-treated, wherein the temperature being heat-treated is 450 DEG C,
Heat treatment time is 6h.
Matrix in the present embodiment uses 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N, and laser cladding powder is using 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N steel through B, Si
Microalloying is prepared from.
The laser cladding layer that method in the present embodiment is prepared, including matrix, heat affected area and cladding area；Wherein,
Heat affected area and the interval formation transition region of cladding；The metallographic structure of transition region is the two-phase group that lath martensite and austenite are constituted
Knit, the crystal structure of cladding area is uniform equiax crystal.Wherein, the weight percent content of lath martensite tissue is 74%,
The weight percent content of the austenite structure is 36%；The size of transition region is 932 microns.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of laser cladding layer, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；Descale, grinding process are carried out to matrix surface, and using petroleum ether, wine
Essence and acetone cleaning, then carry out the pre-heat treatment, and the temperature of heat treatment is 300 DEG C, and the time is 1.5h；
Step 2：Laser cladding process：The pretreated matrix of step one is sent into LFR-M-II type semiconductor lasers
Device, using coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, cladding layer is formed using multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology in matrix surface, same in cladding process
When the protection of argon gas atmosphere is carried out to laser melting coating area；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 1.4KW,
Laser scan rate is 0.02m/s, and powder feeding rate is 10mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 2.0mm, and laser multi-pass overlapping rate is
50%, passage is 10 roads, and the path of laser facula is arc type path；The flow of argon gas is 400L/h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer that step 2 is obtained is heat-treated, wherein the temperature being heat-treated is 550 DEG C,
Heat treatment time is 4h.
Matrix in the present embodiment uses 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N, laser cladding powder to be closed through B, Si using 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N
Aurification is prepared from.
The laser cladding layer that method in the present embodiment is prepared, including matrix, heat affected area and cladding area；Wherein,
Heat affected area and the interval formation transition region of cladding；The metallographic structure of transition region is the two-phase group that lath martensite and austenite are constituted
Knit, the crystal structure of cladding area is uniform equiax crystal.Wherein, the weight percent content of lath martensite tissue is 55%,
The weight percent content of the austenite structure is 45%；The size of transition region is 1200 microns.
Performance test：
Impact flexibility is tested：
| Matrix | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | |
| Impact flexibility Akv(J) | 166 | 132 | 146 | 142 | 137 |
Tensile property is tested：
All explanations being not directed to belong to techniques known in specific embodiment of the invention, can be public for reference
Know that technology is carried out.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment is the technological thought to a kind of laser cladding layer proposed by the present invention and preparation method
It is specific to support, it is impossible to which that protection scope of the present invention is limited with this, everything according to technological thought proposed by the present invention, in this technology side
Any equal change made on the basis of case or equivalent change, belong to technical solution of the present invention protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, is formed by laser melting and coating process cladding by cladding powder on matrix；Institute
Stating laser cladding layer includes matrix, heat affected area, transition region and cladding area；Characterized in that, the heat affected area and cladding area
Between form transition region；The metallographic structure of the transition region is the duplex structure that lath martensite and austenite are constituted, the cladding
The crystal structure in area is uniform equiax crystal.
2. a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lath martensite tissue
Weight percent content be 55%-92%, the weight percent content of the austenite structure is 8%-45%.
3. a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the lath martensite tissue
Weight percent content be 65%-80%, the weight percent content of the austenite structure is 20%-35%.
4. a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the transition region is
50-1200 microns.
5. a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the thickness of the transition region is
700-900 microns.
6. a kind of preparation method of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Matrix surface is pre-processed；Cladding area descale, purifying treatment and the pre-heat treatment to matrix；
Step 2：Laser cladding process：By the pretreated matrix feeding laser of step one, using coaxial powder-feeding mode, adopt
Cladding layer is formed in matrix surface with multi-pass laser overlapping cladding technology, indifferent gas is carried out to laser melting coating area simultaneously in cladding process
The protection of body；Parameter wherein in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 0.8-1.4KW, and laser scan rate is 0.005-
0.02m/s, powder feeding rate is 2.5-10mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6-2.0mm, and laser multi-pass overlapping rate is 40-50%,
Passage is 2-10 roads, and the path of laser facula is " Z " font or " bow " font path；The flow of inert gas is 350-400L/
h；
Step 3：Post processing：The cladding layer obtained to step 2 carries out process annealing destressing treatment.
7. the preparation method of a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in step 2
Parameter in laser cladding process is：Laser power is 1.0-1.2KW, and laser scan rate is 0.010-0.015m/s, powder feeding
Rate is 4.5-8.0mg/s, and laser spot diameter is 1.6-1.8mm, and laser multi-pass overlapping rate is 45-50%, and passage is 5-8
Road.
8. the preparation method of a kind of high strength and ductility laser cladding layer according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in step 3
The temperature of described heat treatment is 250-550 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 4-8h.
9. according to a kind of preparation method of any described high strength and ductility laser cladding layer of claim 6, it is characterised in that step
The pretreatment of the matrix surface described in is specially：The pre-heat treatment is carried out to matrix surface, the temperature of the pre-heat treatment is 150-350
DEG C, the time is 1-5h；Grinding process is carried out to the matrix surface after heat treatment again, then with petroleum ether, alcohol and acetone ultrasound
Ripple is cleaned.
10. according to a kind of preparation method of any described high strength and ductility laser cladding layer of claim 6, it is characterised in that institute
Matrix is stated for martensitic stain less steel, laser cladding powder is that 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N stainless steels are prepared through Si, B element microalloying,
Collectively constituted by the micro-nano spheric granules of 15-60 μm and 120-450nm, the inert gas is argon gas.
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| CN109487264A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-19 | 大唐东北电力试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of planing method and laser melting coating machining path of laser melting coating machining path |
| CN110952091A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-03 | 芜湖点金机电科技有限公司 | Machining process of high-temperature wear-resistant guide plate for pipe penetration |
| CN110952091B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-08-20 | 芜湖点金机电科技有限公司 | Machining process of high-temperature wear-resistant guide plate for pipe penetration |
| CN115125377A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | High-toughness stainless steel plate and processing technology thereof |
| CN115125377B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-11-17 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | High-toughness stainless steel plate and processing technology thereof |
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