CN106756174B - A kind of densification process of high-quality chromiumcopper - Google Patents
A kind of densification process of high-quality chromiumcopper Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756174B CN106756174B CN201611178552.7A CN201611178552A CN106756174B CN 106756174 B CN106756174 B CN 106756174B CN 201611178552 A CN201611178552 A CN 201611178552A CN 106756174 B CN106756174 B CN 106756174B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
- B22F2003/175—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging by hot forging, below sintering temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification processes, the technique is using chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder as raw material, raw material is passed through into dispensing, Vacuum Mixture and vacuum debulk successively, obtain cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank is 80%~90%, then cylinder blank progress vacuum-sintering is obtained into CuCr sintered samples, CuCr sintered samples is finally subjected to densification of swaging, obtain high-quality chromiumcopper.The technique of the present invention is using chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder as raw material, the process integration for densification of swaging is combined using vacuum Relative compaction, vacuum-sintering, make alloy structure entirely fine and close, and oxygen content is low, the utilization rate of material is higher simultaneously, solves existing contradiction between alloy structure consistency and oxygen content；By adjusting dispensing, the serial CuCr alloy materials of different Cr contents, difference Cr chromium crystallite dimension, different diameter specifications can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-voltage appliance switch contact material fields, are related to copper-chromium contact material, and in particular to a kind of Gao Pin
The densification process of matter chromiumcopper.
Background technology
CuCr alloys are a kind of novel contact materials for being widely used in vacuum circuit breaker.Due to two kinds of constituent element density of Cu, Cr,
The physical properties such as fusing point differ greatly so that CuCr alloys are extremely difficult to be produced with conventional casting, and fine grain low oxygen content CuCr is touched
The preparation of head has great difficulty.Low gas and impurity content ensures that vacuum circuit breaker will not be because of putting in interrupting process
Gas causes arc reignition and melting welding.Cr particle sizes are as tiny as possible, are evenly distributed.Ensureing will not be because of Cr in interrupting process
It is unevenly distributed or excessive cause arc energy aggregation leads to the excessive ablation of contact surface and melting welding and causes and cut-off mistake at chromium-rich place
It loses.
The method that powder metallurgy produces copper chromium system contact alloy at present, is mainly the following：
Powder mixing method, infiltration method, vacuum melting method and consumable method, wherein powder mixing method are a kind of traditional widely used sides
Method, this method are to be sufficiently mixed a certain proportion of Cu powder and Cr powder, cold moudling, then through vacuum-sintering or hot isostatic pressing and
It is simple for process into the advantages of, powder mixing method, maturity is high, and shortcoming is that have extremely strict requirements to raw gas content, very
The shortcomings that hardly possible obtains the product of low-gas content, and consistency is relatively low and one important.
Each preparation method has its advantage and disadvantage, it can be seen that current powder metallurgy produces copper chromium system contact alloy
The advantages of method, is apparent, changes Cr contents and the grain size of Cr by dispensing, and the copper chromium that can prepare various different sizes closes
Golden product, but the shortcomings that its is apparent is that consistency is low, it is difficult to obtain the product of low-gas content.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of densification of high-quality chromiumcopper
Chemical industry skill, to obtain the contact material of chrome copper alloy of high-performance, low-gas content and low field trash.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is realised by adopting the following technical scheme：
A kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification process, the technique using chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder as raw material, by raw material according to
It is secondary to obtain cylinder blank by dispensing, Vacuum Mixture and vacuum Relative compaction, the relative density of cylinder blank for 80%~
90%, cylinder blank progress vacuum-sintering is then obtained into CuCr sintered samples, finally CuCr sintered samples are swaged
Densification, obtains high-quality chromiumcopper.
The present invention also has following distinguishing feature：
The relative density of the cylinder blank is 85%~90%.
The technique specifically follows the steps below：
Step 1, dispensing：
Chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder are subjected to dispensing, obtain preliminary mixed-powder；
In the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is (1.5~50)：(50~
98.5), the sum of parts by weight of chromium powder and copper powder are 100 parts；The addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and copper powder gross mass
0.1%~0.3%；
Step 2, Vacuum Mixture：、
Preliminary mixed-powder is fitted into batch mixing machine jar body, is then vacuumized, pours inert gas, in inert gas shielding
It is lower that 3~4h of mixing rotates preliminary mixed-powder three-dimensional using three-dimensional mixer, obtain mixed-powder；
Step 3, vacuum Relative compaction：
Mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank for 80%~
90%；
Step 4, vacuum-sintering：
Cylinder blank is put into crucible, vacuum-sintering is carried out, is first evacuated to furnace pressure≤6.5 × 10-3Pa, so
It reheats afterwards and is warming up to 980 DEG C~1050 DEG C, keep the temperature 2~4h, cool to room temperature with the furnace and take out CuCr sintered samples；
Step 5, densification of swaging：
CuCr sintered samples in batch-type furnace are heated to 800~850 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5~1h, is put into swager and carries out
It forges until reaching diameter specifications size, last thermally treated, cutting, machine adds to obtain high-quality chromiumcopper.
Preferably, in step 1, in the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is (15
~50)：The sum of parts by weight of (50~85), chromium powder and copper powder are 100 parts；The addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the total matter of copper powder
The 0.2%~0.3% of amount.
Specifically, in step 2, pressure≤10Pa in batch mixing machine jar body, then pour inert gas and arrived for argon gas or helium
1 atmospheric pressure.
Specifically, in step 3, in order to realize that vacuum is suppressed, pressure≤6.5 × 10 in the corresponding mold of vacuum environment- 2Pa。
Preferably, in step 3, mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, cylinder blank
Relative density is 85%~90%.
Specifically, in step 5, the single decrement in CuCr sintered samples cross section is less than 15%~20% when swaging, mould
It is 1500~3000 times per minute to have cycle, and the feed rate of CuCr sintered samples is 1000mm/min.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the following technical effect that：
The technique of the present invention combines rotation using chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder as raw material, using vacuum Relative compaction, vacuum-sintering
The process integration of densification is forged, makes alloy structure entirely fine and close, and oxygen content is low, while the utilization rate of material is higher, solves conjunction
Existing contradiction between payment organization consistency and oxygen content；By adjusting dispensing, it is brilliant that different Cr contents, difference Cr chromium can be produced
The serial CuCr alloy materials of particle size, different diameter specifications.
During vacuum Relative compaction, the relative density of cylinder blank is 80%~90%, and relative density cannot mistake
Height can not be too low, excessively high, and gas is difficult to exclude in subsequent densification process of swaging, too low, can be to follow-up vacuum-sintering
Densification process impacts with swaging, and the consistency for leading to final products is not high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is principle schematic of swaging.
Explanation is further explained in detail to the particular content of the present invention with reference to embodiments.
Specific embodiment
It swages i.e. swaging.Loose porous sintered state bar stock is processed into the fine and close densification gold with some strength
The deformation process of category, it is that polylith hammers mould into shape while around longitudinal axis high speed rotation to swage, and the forging of high-speed high frequency rate is carried out to forging stock
It beats (as shown in Figure 2).Swage processing had concurrently in technique it is multidirectional forge the characteristics of being forged with pulse, forging is made by three-dimensional compressive stress
With the process that blank is made to be axially extended by radial compression.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below, it should be noted that the invention is not limited in implement in detail below
Example, all equivalents done on the basis of technical scheme each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：CuCr15 alloy preparation technologies
The present embodiment provides a kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification process, as shown in Figure 1, the technique is specifically according to following
Step carries out：
Step 1, dispensing：
Chromium powder (grain size≤60 μm, oxygen content≤2000ppm), electrolytic copper powder (grain size≤40 μm, oxygen content≤
1200ppm), graphite (C) powder (grain size≤40 μm).
Chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder are subjected to dispensing, obtain preliminary mixed-powder；
In the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is 15：85, chromium powder and copper powder
The sum of parts by weight are 100 parts, and the addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the 0.2% of copper powder gross mass；
Step 2, Vacuum Mixture：、
Preliminary mixed-powder is fitted into batch mixing machine jar body, is then vacuumized, pours inert gas, in inert gas shielding
It is lower that mixing 3h rotates preliminary mixed-powder three-dimensional using three-dimensional mixer, obtain mixed-powder；Pressure in batch mixing machine jar body
≤ 10Pa, then inert gas is poured as argon gas to 1 atmospheric pressure.
Step 3, vacuum Relative compaction：
Mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank is 85%；
In order to realize that vacuum is suppressed, pressure≤6.5 × 10 in the corresponding mold of vacuum environment-2Pa。
Step 4, vacuum-sintering：
Cylinder blank is put into crucible, vacuum-sintering is carried out, is first evacuated to furnace pressure≤6.5 × 10-3Pa, so
It reheats afterwards and is warming up to 980 DEG C, keep the temperature 4h, cool to room temperature with the furnace and take out CuCr sintered samples；
Step 5, densification of swaging：
CuCr sintered samples in batch-type furnace are heated to 800 DEG C, keep the temperature 1h, is put into swager and forge until reaching
To diameter specifications size, last thermally treated, cutting, machine adds to obtain high-quality chromiumcopper CuCr15 alloys；
The single decrement in CuCr sintered samples cross section is less than 15% when swaging, and mold cycle is per minute 1500
Secondary, the feed rate of CuCr sintered samples is 1000mm/min.
CuCr15 alloy materials are prepared by testing, oxygen content in material<200ppm, nitrogen content<10ppm, carbon content<
60ppm, relative density 100% (complete fine and close), hardness HB>68, conductivity>40Ms/m.
Embodiment 2：CuCr50 alloy preparation technologies
The present embodiment provides a kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification process, as shown in Figure 1, the technique is specifically according to following
Step carries out：
Step 1, dispensing：
Chromium powder (grain size≤60 μm, oxygen content≤2000ppm), electrolytic copper powder (grain size≤40 μm, oxygen content≤
1200ppm), graphite (C) powder (grain size≤40 μm).
Chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder are subjected to dispensing, obtain preliminary mixed-powder；
In the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is 50：50, chromium powder and copper powder
The sum of parts by weight are 100 parts, and the addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the 0.3% of copper powder gross mass；
Step 2, Vacuum Mixture：、
Preliminary mixed-powder is fitted into batch mixing machine jar body, is then vacuumized, pours inert gas, in inert gas shielding
It is lower that mixing 4h rotates preliminary mixed-powder three-dimensional using three-dimensional mixer, obtain mixed-powder；Pressure in batch mixing machine jar body
≤ 10Pa, then inert gas is poured as helium to 1 atmospheric pressure.
Step 3, vacuum Relative compaction：
Mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank is 90%；
In order to realize that vacuum is suppressed, pressure≤6.5 × 10 in the corresponding mold of vacuum environment-2Pa。
Step 4, vacuum-sintering：
Cylinder blank is put into crucible, vacuum-sintering is carried out, is first evacuated to furnace pressure≤6.5 × 10-3Pa, so
It reheats afterwards and is warming up to 1050 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, cool to room temperature with the furnace and take out CuCr sintered samples；
Step 5, densification of swaging：
CuCr sintered samples in batch-type furnace are heated to 850 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, be put into swager forge until
Reach diameter specifications size, last thermally treated, cutting, machine adds to obtain high-quality chromiumcopper CuCr50 alloys；
The single decrement in CuCr sintered samples cross section is less than 20% when swaging, and mold cycle is per minute 3000
Secondary, the feed rate of CuCr sintered samples is 1000mm/min.
The CuCr50 contact materials prepared are by test.Oxygen content in contact material<300ppm, nitrogen content<10ppm,
Carbon content<60ppm, relative density 100% (complete fine and close), hardness HB>80, conductivity>17Ms/m.
Embodiment 3：CuCr1.5 alloy preparation technologies
The present embodiment provides a kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification process, as shown in Figure 1, the technique is specifically according to following
Step carries out：
Step 1, dispensing：
Chromium powder (grain size≤60 μm, oxygen content≤2000ppm), electrolytic copper powder (grain size≤40 μm, oxygen content≤
1200ppm), graphite (C) powder (grain size≤40 μm).
Chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder are subjected to dispensing, obtain preliminary mixed-powder；
In the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is 1.5：89.5, chromium powder and copper powder
The sum of parts by weight be 100 parts, the addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the 0.1% of copper powder gross mass；
Step 2, Vacuum Mixture：、
Preliminary mixed-powder is fitted into batch mixing machine jar body, is then vacuumized, pours inert gas, in inert gas shielding
It is lower that mixing 3h rotates preliminary mixed-powder three-dimensional using three-dimensional mixer, obtain mixed-powder；Pressure in batch mixing machine jar body
≤ 10Pa, then inert gas is poured as argon gas to 1 atmospheric pressure.
Step 3, vacuum Relative compaction：
Mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank is 80%；
In order to realize that vacuum is suppressed, pressure≤6.5 × 10 in the corresponding mold of vacuum environment-2Pa。
Step 4, vacuum-sintering：
Cylinder blank is put into crucible, vacuum-sintering is carried out, is first evacuated to furnace pressure≤6.5 × 10-3Pa, so
It reheats afterwards and is warming up to 1000 DEG C, keep the temperature 3h, cool to room temperature with the furnace and take out CuCr sintered samples；
Step 5, densification of swaging：
CuCr sintered samples in batch-type furnace are heated to 800 DEG C, keep the temperature 1h, is put into swager and forge until reaching
To diameter specifications size, last thermally treated, cutting, machine adds to obtain high-quality chromiumcopper CuCr1.5 alloys；
The single decrement in CuCr sintered samples cross section is less than 18% when swaging, and mold cycle is per minute 2000
Secondary, the feed rate of CuCr sintered samples is 1000mm/min.
CuCr1.55 alloy materials are prepared by testing, oxygen content in material<200ppm, nitrogen content<10ppm, carbon contain
Amount<60ppm, relative density 100% (complete fine and close), hardness HB>65, conductivity>43Ms/m.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high-quality chromiumcopper densification process, which is characterized in that the technique is using chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder as original
Material by raw material successively by dispensing, Vacuum Mixture and vacuum Relative compaction, obtains cylinder blank, cylinder blank it is opposite
Density is 85%~90%, and cylinder blank progress vacuum-sintering then is obtained CuCr sintered samples, is finally sintered CuCr
Sample carries out densification of swaging, and obtains high-quality chromiumcopper；
The technique specifically follows the steps below：
Step 1, dispensing：
Chromium powder, copper powder and graphite powder are subjected to dispensing, obtain preliminary mixed-powder；
In the preliminary mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is (1.5~50)：(50~98.5), chromium
The sum of parts by weight of powder and copper powder are 100 parts；The addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the 0.1%~0.3% of copper powder gross mass；
Step 2, Vacuum Mixture：
Preliminary mixed-powder is fitted into batch mixing machine jar body, is then vacuumized, pours inert gas, is adopted under inert gas shielding
3~4h of mixing is rotated to preliminary mixed-powder three-dimensional with three-dimensional mixer, obtains mixed-powder；
Step 3, vacuum Relative compaction：
Mixed-powder is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, the relative density of cylinder blank for 85%~
90%；
Step 4, vacuum-sintering：
Cylinder blank is put into crucible, vacuum-sintering is carried out, is first evacuated to furnace pressure≤6.5 × 10-3Pa, Ran Houzai
980 DEG C~1050 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 2~4h, room temperature is cooled to the furnace and takes out CuCr sintered samples；
Step 5, densification of swaging：
CuCr sintered samples in batch-type furnace are heated to 800~850 DEG C, 0.5~1h is kept the temperature, is put into swager and is forged
Until reaching diameter specifications size, last thermally treated, cutting, machine adds to obtain high-quality chromiumcopper；
In step 5, the single decrement in CuCr sintered samples cross section is less than 15%~20% when swaging, mold cycle
It it is 1500~3000 times per minute, the feed rate of CuCr sintered samples is 1000mm/min.
2. high-quality chromiumcopper densification process as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, described is first
It walks in mixed-powder, in terms of parts by weight, the ratio of chromium powder and copper powder is (15~50)：The weight of (50~85), chromium powder and copper powder
The sum of number is 100 parts；The addition of graphite powder is chromium powder and the 0.2%~0.3% of copper powder gross mass.
3. high-quality chromiumcopper densification process as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2, batch mixer tank
Internal pressure≤10Pa, then inert gas is poured as argon gas or helium to 1 atmospheric pressure.
4. high-quality chromiumcopper densification process as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, in order to realize
Vacuum is suppressed, pressure≤6.5 × 10 in the corresponding mold of vacuum environment-2Pa。
5. high-quality chromiumcopper densification process as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, by mixed powder
End is put into vacuum in mold and is pressed into cylinder blank, and the relative density of cylinder blank is 85%~90%.
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| CN108165814A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-15 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | A kind of carbon microalloy Cu-Cr based materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN112589101B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-09-09 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-chromium shielding case for vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber |
| CN113118235A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-16 | 江苏天工工具有限公司 | Forming method of powder metallurgy high-speed steel |
| CN113369479A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-10 | 北京有研粉末新材料研究院有限公司 | High-density powder metallurgy pure copper material part and preparation method thereof |
| CN114589308A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-07 | 深圳市千禾盛科技有限公司 | Copper-containing metal complex and preparation method thereof |
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