CN106753357B - Preparation method of PbS quantum dots - Google Patents
Preparation method of PbS quantum dots Download PDFInfo
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- CN106753357B CN106753357B CN201611050553.3A CN201611050553A CN106753357B CN 106753357 B CN106753357 B CN 106753357B CN 201611050553 A CN201611050553 A CN 201611050553A CN 106753357 B CN106753357 B CN 106753357B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of PbS quantum dots, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a halogen compound of lead with oleylamine to form a mixture; then, heating the mixture to 80-150 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and preserving heat to obtain oleylamine solution of lead halide; (2) and (2) injecting the prepared ZnS nanorod solution into an oleylamine solution of lead halide, and reacting at the temperature of 80-190 ℃ to obtain a reaction product containing the PbS quantum dots. According to the invention, by improving the key preparation method principle, the reaction conditions of each step of reaction and the like, compared with the prior art, the problems of complex preparation method and high cost of the PbS quantum dots can be effectively solved, and the nanoparticles prepared by the method have the characteristics of high crystallinity, size uniformity, stability, good optical property and the like, and are very beneficial to exerting various properties of the PbS quantum dots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound semiconductor nano material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of PbS quantum dots, namely a preparation method of lead sulfide quantum dots.
background
The semiconductor quantum dot is a quasi-zero-dimensional nano material, when the particle size enters a nano magnitude, the size confinement causes a size effect, a quantum confinement effect, a macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and a surface effect, so that low-dimensional physical properties of a nano system different from those of a macroscopic system and a microscopic system are derived, and a plurality of physicochemical properties different from those of a macroscopic material are displayed.
The PbS quantum dot is used as an IV-VI semiconductor material and is also an important pi-pi bond semiconductor material. Which has a narrow direct bandgap. Compared with other semiconductor quantum dots, the exciton radius is 18nm, so that the quantum confinement effect is very strong. The fluorescence generated by the quantum dots can cover the whole transmission window, so that the quantum dots have wide application prospect in the aspect of optical devices. Such as infrared detectors, solar absorbers, optical switches, etc. More importantly, multiple exciton effect has been observed on quantum dots, and this finding makes quantum dots promising as high-efficiency photoelectric conversion devices.
disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing PbS quantum dots, wherein by improving key preparation method principles, reaction conditions of each step of reaction, and the like, the problems of complexity and high cost of the preparation method of PbS quantum dots can be effectively solved compared with the prior art, and the nanoparticles prepared by the present invention have the characteristics of high crystallinity, size uniformity, stability, good optical properties, and the like, and are very favorable for exerting various properties of PbS quantum dots.
in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing PbS quantum dots, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing a lead halogen compound with oleylamine to form a mixture, wherein the concentration of the lead halogen compound in the mixture is 0.1-0.4 mol/L; then, heating the mixture to 80-150 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and preserving heat to obtain oleylamine solution of lead halide;
(2) and (2) injecting a prepared ZnS nanorod solution into the oleylamine solution of the lead halide obtained in the step (1), and reacting at the temperature of 80-190 ℃ for 10 s-25 min to obtain a reaction product containing the PbS quantum dots.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing PbS quantum dots further comprises the steps of:
(3) Cooling the reaction product obtained in the step (2); injecting n-hexane into the reaction product when the temperature of the reaction product drops to 70 ℃; injecting oleic acid into the reaction product when the temperature of the reaction product drops to 40 ℃;
(4) And carrying out centrifugal precipitation on the cooled reaction product, then adding n-hexane into the obtained precipitate, carrying out centrifugal filtration to obtain a supernatant, and then adding ethanol into the supernatant to obtain the PbS quantum dot.
In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (1), the halogen compound of lead is any one of lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide; preferably, the heat preservation time of the heat preservation is 15 min-60 min.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in the step (2), a ratio of an amount of a substance of an S element in the ZnS nanorod solution to an amount of a substance of a halogen compound of lead in the oleylamine solution of a halide of lead is at most 1: 2; the injection time of the ZnS nanorod solution into the oleylamine solution of the lead halide does not exceed 10 s.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the lead sulfide quantum dots by using the cation exchange method, the ZnS nano-rods are used as a sulfur source, and halogen compounds (such as PbCl) of lead are used2、PbBr2、PbI2And the like) and oleylamine as a Pb source, and converting the ZnS nanorods into PbS quantum dots, the preparation method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and low environmental requirement, the prepared PbS quantum dots are in a monodisperse state, and are uniform and stable in size distribution, and the prepared PbS quantum dots are spherical and have the diameter of about 4.3nm to 9 nm.
The invention can synthesize the PbS quantum dots in a simple and economic way, controls the concentration of various reaction raw materials in the preparation method (such as the concentration of lead halide compounds in oleylamine solution of lead halide) and the temperature and time of reaction, controls the separation of the prepared PbS quantum dots, and ensures that the PbS quantum dots prepared by the invention have the characteristics of high crystallinity, size uniformity, stability in air, good optical properties and the like by utilizing the integral cooperation of all steps in the preparation method. In the invention, the concentration, size and morphology of the ZnS nanorod as a reaction raw material have little influence on the prepared PbS quantum dots, as long as the ratio of the amount of S-containing substances in the ZnS nanorod to the amount of Pb-containing substances in a lead halide is at most 1: 2 (namely, the ratio of the lead element to the sulfur element is more than or equal to 2: 1); in the invention, the injection time of injecting the ZnS nanorod solution into the oleylamine solution of lead halide is preferably controlled within 10s, and the shorter the injection time is, the better the size of the generated PbS quantum dots is; the reaction temperature of the ZnS nanorod solution and the lead halide is 80-190 ℃, the reaction time is 10 s-25 min, and the reaction time of 10 s-25 min comprises the time of cation exchange reaction and the growth time of PbS quantum dots after the cation exchange is finished; the reaction temperature of 80-190 ℃ has a key influence on the prepared PbS quantum dots, and the reaction temperature can influence the cation exchange speed and the growth of the PbS quantum dots; the invention can effectively ensure that the PbS quantum dots prepared by the invention have high crystallinity and size uniformity by controlling the reaction temperature to be 80-190 ℃.
Specifically, the preparation method of the PbS quantum dot has the following technical effects:
(1) The operation process is simple, the preparation process has low requirements on environment, and the cost of required equipment and raw materials is low.
(2) The quantum dots with different sizes can be prepared, and the shape and the size of the quantum dots can be well controlled.
(3) is suitable for preparing quantum dots in large scale.
(4) the obtained quantum dots have very good stability in air.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows PbCl2absorption spectra of PbS quantum dots as a Pb source.
FIG. 2 shows PbCl2X-ray diffraction pattern of PbS quantum dots as Pb source.
FIG. 3 is PbCl2TEM images of PbS quantum dots as Pb source.
fig. 4 is a stability map of PbS quantum dots.
FIG. 5 is PbBr2Absorption spectra of PbS quantum dots as a Pb source.
FIG. 6 is PbI2PbS amount as Pb sourceAbsorption spectra of the sub-dots.
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The method for preparing the lead sulfide quantum dots by using the cation exchange method by using the pre-prepared ZnS nanorods as a sulfur source and a mixture of lead halides (such as lead chloride and the like) and oleylamine as a lead source (shown in FIG. 7) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing lead halide compounds with oleylamine, wherein the concentration of the lead halide compounds in the mixture is 0.1-0.4 mol/L, heating the mixture to 80-150 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 15-60 min to obtain an oleylamine solution of lead halide;
(2) Injecting the prepared ZnS nanorod solution into a lead halide oleylamine solution in 10S, and maintaining the temperature of 80-190 ℃ (preferably 80-150 ℃) for 10S-25 min (preferably 15S-20 min), wherein the amount of ZnS in the ZnS nanorod solution enables the S and the lead halogen compounds to meet the stoichiometric ratio;
(3) after the reaction is finished, reducing the temperature of the reaction product to 70 ℃, injecting normal hexane, and reducing the temperature to 40 ℃, and injecting oleic acid;
(4) And (4) performing centrifugal precipitation, dissolving the precipitate in n-hexane, performing centrifugal filtration, adding ethanol, and performing centrifugation to obtain black solid powder, namely the PbS quantum dots.
The following are specific examples:
Example 1
the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead chloride was weighed into a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was weighed out and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 140 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was cooled to 120 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected and held for 3 min.
(3) And after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
The performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
The optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution is measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in figure 1-a.
The PbS quantum dot diffraction pattern was measured on an X-ray diffractometer as shown in figure 2.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead chloride was weighed into a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was weighed out and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 140 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was raised to 190 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected, held for 20 s.
(3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
The performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
The optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution is measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in figure 1-b.
The PbS quantum dot diffraction pattern was measured on an X-ray diffractometer, similar to figure 2.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead chloride was weighed into a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was weighed out and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 140 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was raised to 190 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected and held for 5 min.
(3) And after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
The performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
The optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution is measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in figure 1-c.
The PbS quantum dot diffraction pattern was measured on an X-ray diffractometer, similar to figure 2.
example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead chloride was weighed into a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was weighed out and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 140 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was raised to 190 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected and held for 15 min.
(3) And after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
The performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
the optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution is measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in figure 1-d.
the PbS quantum dot diffraction pattern was measured on an X-ray diffractometer, similar to figure 2.
The PbS quantum dot solution was dropped onto a copper mesh, dried naturally, and imaged under a Field Transmission Electron Microscope (FTEM), as shown in fig. 3.
the absorption spectrum of the synthesized PbS quantum dots was measured after being left in the air for six months after being dried, as shown in fig. 4.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead bromide was weighed into a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was measured, and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 100 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was raised to 120 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected and held for 2 min.
(3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
The performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
The optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution was measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in fig. 5.
example 6
the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.417g of lead iodide was weighed out in a two-necked reaction flask, 5ml of OLA was measured out, and the mixture was evacuated.
(2) The mixture was heated to 100 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture was raised to 120 ℃ and 2ml of ZnS nanorod solution was rapidly injected and held for 2 min.
(3) and after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol for centrifugation, then adding n-hexane for centrifugation, filtering, adding ethanol for centrifugation, and obtaining the PbS quantum dots.
the performance of the obtained PbS quantum dot is characterized as follows:
The optical absorption of the PbS quantum dot solution was measured by a fluorescence spectrometer, and the absorption spectrum is shown in fig. 6.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of PbS quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing a lead halogen compound with oleylamine to form a mixture, wherein the concentration of the lead halogen compound in the mixture is 0.1-0.4 mol/L; then, heating the mixture to 80-150 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and preserving heat to obtain oleylamine solution of lead halide; wherein the lead halogen compound is any one of lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide;
(2) Injecting a prepared ZnS nanorod solution into the oleylamine solution of the lead halide obtained in the step (1), and reacting at the temperature of 80-190 ℃ for 10 s-25 min to obtain a reaction product containing PbS quantum dots; wherein the injection time of the ZnS nanorod solution into the oleylamine solution of the lead halide does not exceed 10 s; the ratio of the amount of substance of S element in the ZnS nanorod solution to the amount of substance of the lead halogen compound in the oleylamine solution of the lead halide is at most 1: 2;
The preparation method utilizes a cation exchange method to prepare the lead sulfide quantum dots, takes ZnS nanorods as a sulfur source, takes a mixture of lead halogen compounds and oleylamine as a Pb source, converts the ZnS nanorods into PbS quantum dots, and prepares the PbS quantum dots in a monodisperse state with uniform size distribution.
2. The method for preparing PbS quantum dots according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(3) Cooling the reaction product obtained in the step (2); injecting n-hexane into the reaction product when the temperature of the reaction product drops to 70 ℃; injecting oleic acid into the reaction product when the temperature of the reaction product drops to 40 ℃;
(4) And carrying out centrifugal precipitation on the cooled reaction product, then adding n-hexane into the obtained precipitate, carrying out centrifugal filtration to obtain a supernatant, and then adding ethanol into the supernatant to obtain the PbS quantum dot.
3. The method for preparing PbS quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the incubation time in step (1) is 15min to 60 min.
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| CN108163818A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-15 | 武汉华思创新科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of PbSe quantum dots |
| CN109850937B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2022-03-25 | 深圳扑浪创新科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lead sulfide quantum dot fluorescent powder |
| CN110697766A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of zinc-doped lead sulfide quantum dots |
| CN112763419B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 福州大学 | Hydrogen sulfide photo-thermal detection method of perovskite nano composite material modified based on SBE-beta-CD |
| CN114217012B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-09-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | In-situ modification method in mercury system quantum dot traditional heat injection flow |
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| CN102766456A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-07 | 中南大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted method for preparing doped PbS quantum dot at low temperature in liquid phase |
| CN103694645A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-04-02 | 天津大学 | PbS quantum dot/graphene/P3HT composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102766456A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-07 | 中南大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted method for preparing doped PbS quantum dot at low temperature in liquid phase |
| CN103694645A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-04-02 | 天津大学 | PbS quantum dot/graphene/P3HT composite material and preparation method thereof |
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