CN106747362B - Ceramic grinding body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ceramic grinding body and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106747362B
CN106747362B CN201710129250.9A CN201710129250A CN106747362B CN 106747362 B CN106747362 B CN 106747362B CN 201710129250 A CN201710129250 A CN 201710129250A CN 106747362 B CN106747362 B CN 106747362B
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parts
grinding body
ceramic
ceramic grinding
kaolin
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CN106747362A (en
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陈新中
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Guangzhou Hifer Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Guangzhou Hifer Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64Burning or sintering processes
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3201Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422Carbon
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    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/444Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
    • C04B2235/445Fluoride containing anions, e.g. fluosilicate
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a ceramic grinding body which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-95 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 6-20 parts of kaolin, 2-10 parts of graphite powder and 1-6 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent; the composite auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% of elpasolite, 15-25% of fluorite, 15-25% of magnesium fluoride and 25-35% of soda ash. The invention also specifically discloses a preparation method of the ceramic grinding body. The ceramic grinding body prepared by the invention has low internal porosity, few structural defects, good wear resistance, large elastic modulus, high hardness, impact resistance, good toughness, high grinding efficiency and low energy consumption, and is suitable for being used in a dry grinding process.

Description

Ceramic grinding body and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, in particular to a ceramic grinding body and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the industries of ceramics, cement, thermal power, metallurgy, mines and the like, a ball mill is required for grinding powder in production.
At present, in a dry grinding process, a ball mill is mostly adopted for grinding materials, a grinding body basically adopts steel balls and steel forgings as the grinding body, and due to the fact that the grinding body is high in density and heavy in mass, a high-power motor is needed for operation, so that consumed electric energy is high, energy conservation and emission reduction are not facilitated, and meanwhile, the grinding body made of the material is poor in abrasive resistance. In addition, in the grinding process, the worn iron material can be mixed into the ground product, and the color of the white powder product can be influenced to a certain extent.
In the wet grinding process, there has been a case of grinding ceramic-based materials using a ceramic grinding body instead of steel balls and steel forgings.
However, the existing ceramic grinding body mostly adopts a spray granulation molding process, has large internal porosity, more structural defects, lower strength and poor impact resistance, is easy to peel and break when used in a dry grinding process, causes the reduction of grinding efficiency, and cannot meet the use requirement of dry grinding.
It is clear that the prior art is still in need of further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a ceramic abrasive body with excellent wear resistance and impact resistance and a method for preparing the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ceramic grinding body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-95 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 6-20 parts of kaolin, 2-10 parts of graphite powder and 1-6 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent;
the composite auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: elpasolite (K)3AlF6) 25-30% of fluorite (CaF)2) 15-25% of magnesium fluoride (MgF)2) 15-25% of sodium carbonate (Na)2CO3)25-35%。
Preferably, the ceramic grinding body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 11 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of graphite powder and 4 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent.
Preferably, the composite auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: elpasolite (K)3AlF6) 30% fluorite (CaF)2) 20% of magnesium fluoride (MgF)2) 20% of soda ash (Na)2CO3)30%。
Preferably, Al in the high-alumina bauxite2O3The mass content of the compound is more than or equal to 90 percent.
A preparation method of a ceramic grinding body comprises the following steps: mixing high-alumina bauxite, kaolin, graphite powder and a composite low-temperature fluxing agent in proportion, grinding until the mixture can pass through a 80-micron square-hole sieve, adding water for pugging until the water content is 8-18%, pressing and forming, sintering at the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃ for 10-20 hours, naturally cooling, and airing to obtain the product.
Preferably, the press forming is isostatic press forming using a mechanical steel die.
Preferably, the steel die isostatic pressure is 200-350 MPa.
Preferably, the isostatic pressure is 320 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the calcination energy consumption of the grinding body prepared by the invention can be reduced by more than 10%.
The ceramic grinding body prepared by the invention has low internal porosity, few structural defects, good wear resistance, large elastic modulus, high hardness, impact resistance, good toughness, high grinding efficiency and low energy consumption, and is suitable for being used in a dry grinding process. The method is suitable for industries such as cement, thermal power, ceramic raw materials, metallurgy, mines and the like, has no adverse effect on the color of the raw materials, and is low in manufacturing cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
When the high-alumina bauxite, kaolin and graphite powder are mixed and sintered, a small amount of silicon carbide and titanium carbide can be generated in the ceramic grinding body, and the silicon carbide has the advantages of small thermal expansion coefficient, good wear resistance, large elastic modulus, high hardness and large bending strength, and is beneficial to increasing the hardness, compactness and crack resistance of the grinding body. The titanium carbide is beneficial to increasing the toughness of the grinding body and changing the crystal structure of the ceramic grinding body. The mechanical steel die is adopted for high-pressure isostatic pressing forming, so that the internal porosity of the ceramic ball can be reduced, the structural defects are reduced, and the compactness and the crack resistance of the grinding body are improved. The composite low-temperature fluxing agent can effectively reduce the eutectic point of ceramic minerals, the temperature is reduced by about 200 ℃, so that mineral liquid phase appears in advance, the calcination temperature of the ceramic is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Example 1
The ceramic grinding body is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 20 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of graphite powder and 2 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent are mixed and ground to pass through a 80-micron square-hole sieve, then water is added for pugging (the pugging refers to mud obtained by removing air mixed in pug through beating), the water content of the pug is controlled to be 8% -10%, and the pug is pressed into a round ball or a round forging mould by a mechanical rigid mould under high pressure and isostatic pressure and then is calcined for 12 hours at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃. The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.8g/cm3The hardness reaches 9 Mohs hardness, the compressive strength is 305MPa, the abrasion is 0.0006 percent, and the breakage rate is 0.3 percent.
Example 2
The ceramic grinding body is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 80 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 11 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of graphite powder and 4 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent, grinding until the mixture can pass through a 80-micron square-hole sieve, adding water for pugging, and controllingThe water content of the mud making material is 12-14%, and the mud making material is calcined for 16 hours at 1050-1150 ℃ after being pressed into a ball or a round forging shape by a mechanical steel die under high pressure and isostatic pressure. The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.7g/cm3The hardness reaches 9 Mohs hardness, the compressive strength is 308MPa, the abrasion is 0.0005 percent, and the breakage rate is 0.25 percent.
Example 3
The ceramic grinding body is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: grinding 85 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 6 parts of kaolin, 3 parts of graphite powder and 6 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent until the high-alumina bauxite passes through a 80-micron square-hole sieve, adding water for pugging, controlling the water content of pug to be 16-18%, pressing the pug into a round ball or a round forging mould by adopting a mechanical steel mould under high pressure and isostatic pressing, and calcining for 18 hours at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃. The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.6g/cm3The hardness reaches 9 Mohs hardness, the compressive strength is 305MPa, the abrasion is 0.0005 percent, and the breakage rate is 0.25 percent.
Example 4 (control group without compounding aid):
the comparative example differs from example 1 in that a ceramic abrasive body was prepared by a spray granulation molding method instead of the mechanical steel die high-pressure isostatic pressing molding method without adding a composite low-temperature flux.
The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.2g/cm3The hardness reaches 7 grades in Mohs hardness, the compressive strength is 195MPa, the abrasion is 0.0016 percent, and the breakage rate is 0.90 percent.
This embodiment is because calcination temperature is too low, can't provide sufficient liquid phase volume for the firing reaction of ceramic ball can't be thorough, and the ceramic ball is in the state of oweing to burn, and it is loose to fire the mineral structure, and the compactness is not high (density reduces), and the internal porosity of rinding body is great moreover, and structural defect is more, and ceramic ball intensity and wearability all receive different degree influences, and compressive strength reduces, and wearing and tearing increase, and the breakage rate rises.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 in that calcination was carried out at a temperature of 1300 ℃ to 1400 ℃ for 12 hours. The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.4g/cm3The hardness reaches 8 grades on Mohs scale, the compressive strength is 270MPa, the abrasion is 0.0010 percent, and the steel is brokenThe loss rate is 0.50 percent.
The embodiment improves the calcining temperature, increases the liquid phase quantity of the ceramic ball calcining, meets the conditions of ion diffusion and calcining reaction, smoothly carries out the calcining reaction, has compact calcining mineral structure, improves the compactness (density is increased), but also has the problems of larger internal porosity of the grinding body and more structural defects, and improves the strength and the wear resistance of the ceramic ball to a certain extent, but also has larger amplitude. The compressive strength is increased, the abrasion is reduced, and the breakage rate is reduced.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 4 is that after being pressed into round balls or round forged shapes by mechanical steel die in high pressure isostatic pressing, the pellets are calcined at 1300-1400 ℃ for 12 hours.
The prepared ceramic grinding body has the density of 3.6g/cm3The hardness reaches 9 Mohs hardness, the compressive strength is 300MPa, the abrasion is 0.0006 percent, and the breakage rate is 0.30 percent.
The embodiment improves the calcination temperature, increases the liquid phase amount of the ceramic ball calcination, meets the conditions of ion diffusion and calcination reaction, smoothly carries out the calcination reaction, has compact calcination mineral structure and improved compactness (increased density), and can reduce the internal porosity of the ceramic ball, reduce the structural defects and improve the compactness and crack resistance of the grinding body by adopting mechanical steel die high-pressure isostatic pressing. Compared with example 5, the strength and the wear resistance are improved to different degrees.
The technology of the invention adds a certain amount of composite low-temperature fluxing agent in the raw materials, is beneficial to reducing the calcining temperature, adopts mechanical steel die high-pressure isostatic pressing molding, reduces the internal porosity of the ceramic ball, reduces the structural defects, and improves the compactness and crack resistance of the grinding body. The prepared grinding body has the advantages of reducing the breakage rate and the grinding energy consumption, prolonging the bin dumping period of the grinding machine, reducing the operation cost of the grinding machine and effectively prolonging the service life of the grinding body.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The ceramic grinding body is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-95 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 6-20 parts of kaolin, 2-10 parts of graphite powder and 1-6 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent;
the composite auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% of elpasolite, 15-25% of fluorite, 15-25% of magnesium fluoride and 25-35% of soda ash.
2. The ceramic grinding body of claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of high-alumina bauxite, 11 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of graphite powder and 4 parts of composite low-temperature fluxing agent.
3. The ceramic grinding body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of elpasolite, 20% of fluorite, 20% of magnesium fluoride and 30% of soda ash.
4. Ceramic grinding body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Al in the high bauxite2O3The mass content of the compound is more than or equal to 90 percent.
5. A method for preparing the ceramic grinding body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the high-alumina bauxite, the kaolin, the graphite powder and the composite low-temperature fluxing agent are mixed according to a certain proportion, ground to be capable of passing through a 80-micron square-hole sieve, then added with water for pugging to ensure that the water content is 8% -18%, pressed and formed, then sintered for 10-20 hours at the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃, naturally cooled and dried to obtain the product.
6. The method for manufacturing a ceramic abrasive according to claim 5, wherein the press-molding is isostatic press-molding using a mechanical steel die.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the steel mold has an isostatic pressure of 200-350 MPa.
8. The method for manufacturing a ceramic abrasive body according to claim 7, wherein the isostatic pressure is 320 MPa.
CN201710129250.9A 2017-03-06 2017-03-06 Ceramic grinding body and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN106747362B (en)

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CN107722934A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-23 山东天汇研磨耐磨技术开发有限公司 A kind of abrasive body and its production method based on the compound of ceramics and metal
CN107651944A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-02 山东天汇研磨耐磨技术开发有限公司 A kind of reusable ceramic grinding body
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