CN106746783A - Portland cement - Google Patents
Portland cement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106746783A CN106746783A CN201611182370.7A CN201611182370A CN106746783A CN 106746783 A CN106746783 A CN 106746783A CN 201611182370 A CN201611182370 A CN 201611182370A CN 106746783 A CN106746783 A CN 106746783A
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- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;dicalcium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+3] AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUYJNKYXOHIGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;trioxido(trioxidosilyloxy)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RUYJNKYXOHIGPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005456 ore beneficiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011405 expansive cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/17—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium oxide containing activators
- C04B7/19—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是关于一种硅酸盐水泥，本发明硅酸盐水泥的生料包括石灰石屑55‑85份；粘土5‑20份；钢渣粉5‑15份；偏高岭土5‑10份。本发明硅酸盐水泥的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量为水泥熟料71‑95％；矿渣粉0‑10％；钢渣粉0‑5％；偏高岭土0‑5％；助磨剂0.5‑1.0％；石膏4.5‑8.0％。本发明对石灰石屑作为水泥生产原材料，加入偏高岭土后，能够有效降低熟料的烧成温度，提高熟料的烧成质量。所述道路水泥在制备时选择二水石膏或混合石膏作为调凝剂，偏高岭土作为混合材料制得的低收缩抗侵蚀道路水泥满足道路硅酸盐水泥国家标准规定技术要求的基础上，减少水泥的收缩，降低干缩率，提高抗侵蚀性能。The invention relates to a Portland cement. The raw material of the Portland cement includes 55-85 parts of limestone chips; 5-20 parts of clay; 5-15 parts of steel slag powder; and 5-10 parts of metakaolin. The components of the Portland cement of the present invention and the mass percentage of each component are 71-95% of cement clinker; 0-10% of slag powder; 0-5% of steel slag powder; 0-5% of metakaolin; Gypsum 0.5‑1.0%; Gypsum 4.5‑8.0%. In the present invention, limestone chips are used as raw materials for cement production, and after metakaolin is added, the firing temperature of the clinker can be effectively reduced, and the firing quality of the clinker can be improved. When the road cement is prepared, dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum is selected as the coagulation agent, and metakaolin is used as the mixed material to prepare the low-shrinkage and anti-erosion road cement that meets the technical requirements of the national standard for road Portland cement. Shrinkage, reduce dry shrinkage, improve corrosion resistance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种水泥，特别是涉及一种采用石灰石屑、偏高岭土等配料制备道路硅酸盐水泥熟料以及低收缩耐侵蚀道路硅酸盐水泥的方法。The invention relates to cement, in particular to a method for preparing road portland cement clinker and low-shrinkage, erosion-resistant road portland cement by using ingredients such as limestone chips and metakaolin.
背景技术Background technique
目前通用水泥为硅酸盐水泥系列，其以适当的原材料，设计适宜的率值和成分，经“两磨一烧”的工艺加工而成，是生产和应用最广泛的水硬性胶凝材料。长期以来，硅酸盐水泥的化学成分和矿物组成基本没有变化，技术发展主要是生产工艺和装备。At present, general-purpose cement is Portland cement series, which is processed by the process of "two grinding and one burning" with appropriate raw materials, designed appropriate ratio and composition, and is the most widely produced and used hydraulic cementitious material. For a long time, the chemical composition and mineral composition of Portland cement have basically remained unchanged, and the technological development is mainly the production process and equipment.
随着公路建设的发展及公路里程的增加，公路的通行量和负荷也与日俱增，对水泥混凝土路面的质量和使用寿命也提出了更高的要求。硅酸盐水泥用于水泥混凝土道路时，由于水化发热高、抗折强度不高、耐磨和干缩性能差等因素，易导致道路混凝土破坏，影响道路的使用寿命。2005年交通部发布实施的《公路水混土路面施工技术规范》明确提出特重、重交通路面应优先采用道路酸盐水泥。With the development of highway construction and the increase of highway mileage, the traffic volume and load of highways are also increasing day by day, and higher requirements are put forward for the quality and service life of cement concrete pavement. When Portland cement is used in cement concrete roads, due to factors such as high hydration heat, low flexural strength, poor wear resistance and dry shrinkage, it is easy to cause road concrete damage and affect the service life of the road. In 2005, the Ministry of Communications issued and implemented the "Technical Specifications for Highway Water Concrete Pavement Construction", which clearly stated that special heavy and heavy traffic pavements should be given priority to road salt cement.
石灰石屑为石灰石矿选矿后剩余的品质较低的矿石。为了满足对水泥品质的要求，在选择石灰石矿时，一般选择碳酸钙的质量百分含量大于50％的矿石，其余部分，由于碳酸钙的质量百分含量小于或等于50％，品位低，则被归为不宜生产水泥的石灰石屑。石灰石屑是水泥生产的副产品，每吨矿石产生0.15-0.20吨石屑，且我国石灰石矿产储量大，因此低品位的石灰石屑鲜有水泥工业作为原材料进行使用。Limestone is the low-quality ore left after limestone ore beneficiation. In order to meet the requirements for cement quality, when selecting limestone ore, generally choose the ore with a mass percentage of calcium carbonate greater than 50%, and the rest, because the mass percentage of calcium carbonate is less than or equal to 50%, the grade is low, then Limestone chips classified as unsuitable for cement production. Limestone chips are a by-product of cement production, and each ton of ore produces 0.15-0.20 tons of stone chips, and our country has large reserves of limestone minerals, so low-grade limestone chips are rarely used as raw materials in the cement industry.
偏高岭土是一种高活性矿物掺合料，是超细高岭土经过低温煅烧而形成的无定型硅酸铝，具有火山灰活性，主要用作混凝土外加剂，也可制作地质聚合物，很少用于水泥工业，特别是用于生产特种水泥。Metakaolin is a highly active mineral admixture. It is an amorphous aluminum silicate formed by calcining ultrafine kaolin at low temperature. It has pozzolanic activity. It is mainly used as a concrete admixture and can also be used to make geopolymers. It is rarely used Cement industry, especially for the production of special cement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的在于，提供一种采用石灰石屑、偏高岭土等配料制备道路硅酸盐水泥熟料以及利用二水石膏或混合石膏作为调凝剂，偏高岭土作为混合材料之一制备道路硅酸盐水泥及其制备方法，所要解决的技术问题是使其以石灰石屑、偏高岭土作为水泥生料组分来制备水泥熟料，进而提高水泥的抗折性能和抗侵蚀能力、减少收缩，从而更加适于实用，且具有产业上的利用价值。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing road Portland cement clinker by using limestone chips, metakaolin and other ingredients, and using dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum as a set regulator, and metakaolin as one of the mixed materials to prepare road silicic acid. Salt cement and its preparation method, the technical problem to be solved is to make it use limestone chips and metakaolin as cement raw material components to prepare cement clinker, thereby improving the flexural performance and erosion resistance of cement, reducing shrinkage, and making it more It is suitable for practical use and has industrial utilization value.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions.
依据本发明提出的硅酸盐水泥生料，所述的生料的组分以及各组分的质量份数为，According to the Portland cement raw meal proposed by the present invention, the components of the raw meal and the parts by mass of each component are,
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。The purpose of the present invention and its technical problems can also be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
优选的，前述的一种硅酸盐水泥生料，其中所述的生料中氧化物的种类以及各氧化物的质量百分含量为，Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement raw meal, wherein the types of oxides in the raw meal and the mass percentage of each oxide are,
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下的技术方案来实现。The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are also achieved by the following technical solutions.
依据本发明提出的硅酸盐水泥熟料，所述的熟料为上述生料经粉磨、煅烧而成。According to the Portland cement clinker proposed by the present invention, the clinker is obtained by grinding and calcining the above-mentioned raw materials.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。The purpose of the present invention and its technical problems can also be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
优选的，前述的硅酸盐水泥熟料，其中所述熟料包含以下组分，Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement clinker, wherein the clinker comprises the following components,
优选的，前述的硅酸盐水泥熟料，其中所述的煅烧温度为1350-1450℃。Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement clinker, wherein the calcination temperature is 1350-1450°C.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下的技术方案来实现。The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are also achieved by the following technical solutions.
依据本发明提出的硅酸盐水泥，所述的硅酸盐水泥的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量为，According to the Portland cement proposed by the present invention, the components of the Portland cement and the mass percentages of each component are:
其中，所述的水泥熟料为上述中任一项所述的水泥熟料。Wherein, the cement clinker is the cement clinker described in any one of the above.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。The purpose of the present invention and its technical problems can also be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
优选的，前述的硅酸盐水泥，其中所述的石膏为二水石膏或混合石膏。Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement, wherein the gypsum is dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum.
优选的，前述的硅酸盐水泥，其中所述的水泥中SO3含量为2.5-4.5％。Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement, wherein the SO 3 content in the cement is 2.5-4.5%.
优选的，前述的硅酸盐水泥，其中所述的水泥的28d抗折强度大于或等于9.0MPa；3％Na2SO4溶液里28d抗侵蚀系数为0.90-1.05。Preferably, the aforementioned Portland cement, wherein the 28d flexural strength of the cement is greater than or equal to 9.0 MPa; the 28d erosion resistance coefficient in 3% Na 2 SO 4 solution is 0.90-1.05.
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下的技术方案来实现。The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are also achieved by the following technical solutions.
依据本发明提出的硅酸盐水泥的应用，所述的硅酸盐水泥用于道路桥梁工程、机场道面工程、水电工程、防水工程等对耐磨性能有较高要求工程的修建。According to the application of the Portland cement proposed in the present invention, the Portland cement is used in the construction of road and bridge projects, airport pavement projects, hydropower projects, waterproof projects and other projects with high requirements on wear resistance.
借由上述技术方案，本发明一种硅酸盐水泥至少具有下列优点：By means of the above technical solution, a Portland cement of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
1、本发明硅酸盐水泥生料的原材料主要为石灰石屑，提高了石灰石矿的利用率。1. The raw material of Portland cement raw meal in the present invention is mainly limestone chips, which improves the utilization rate of limestone ore.
本发明硅酸盐水泥生料的原材料为碳酸钙的质量百分含量小于或等于50％的石灰石矿，即本发明中称的石灰石屑。本发明硅酸盐水泥原料为石灰石矿选矿之后剩余的原料，为水泥生产的副产物，本发明将石灰石屑作为水泥的主要原料(例如本发明中选择的石灰石屑的碳酸钙的质量百分含量为45-48％)，提高了石灰石矿的利用率。The raw material of the Portland cement raw meal in the present invention is limestone ore whose mass percentage of calcium carbonate is less than or equal to 50%, that is, the limestone chips referred to in the present invention. Portland cement raw material of the present invention is the remaining raw material after limestone ore beneficiation, is the by-product of cement production, and the present invention uses limestone chip as the main raw material of cement (for example the mass percentage of the calcium carbonate of the limestone chip selected in the present invention 45-48%), which improves the utilization rate of limestone mines.
2、本发明通过粘土的选材、以及添加偏高岭土等方法，来补充石灰石屑中碳酸钙含量较少的缺点，制备出了符合国家标准的水泥。2. The present invention supplements the shortcoming of less calcium carbonate content in limestone chips by selecting clay materials and adding metakaolin, and prepares cement that meets national standards.
本发明通通过选用优质的粘土、加入偏高岭土等方法，弥补了石灰石屑中碳酸钙含量不足的缺点，加入偏高岭土后，能够有效降低熟料的烧成温度，提高熟料的烧成质量；选择二水石膏或混合石膏作为调凝剂，偏高岭土作为混合材料制得的低收缩抗侵蚀道路水泥满足道路硅酸盐水泥国家标准规定技术要求的基础上，减少水泥的收缩，降低干缩率，提高抗侵蚀性能。The present invention makes up for the shortcoming of insufficient calcium carbonate content in limestone chips by selecting high-quality clay and adding metakaolin. After adding metakaolin, it can effectively reduce the firing temperature of the clinker and improve the firing quality of the clinker; Choose dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum as the setting agent and metakaolin as the mixed material to make the low-shrinkage and anti-corrosion road cement that meets the technical requirements of the national standard for road portland cement, reduce the shrinkage of cement, and reduce the dry shrinkage rate , improve corrosion resistance.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例详细说明如后。The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly and implement them according to the contents of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
具体实施方式detailed description
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的硅酸盐水泥，其具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构或特点可由任何合适形式组合。In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the Portland cement proposed according to the present invention, its specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects will be described in detail below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments. The description is as follows. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
本发明提供一种硅酸盐水泥生料。The invention provides a Portland cement raw meal.
本发明提供的硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量份数为：The components of the Portland cement raw meal provided by the present invention and the mass parts of each component are:
本发明硅酸盐水泥的生料的主要原料为碳酸钙含量较低(小于或等于50％)的石灰石屑。并通过选用优质的粘土(如产地为河北邯郸的SiO2含量较高的粘土)、添加适量的偏高岭土(主要成分是无水硅酸铝Al2O3·2SiO2)和钢渣粉的方式，提高Al2O3及Fe2O3含量，采用高硅酸率(SM)配料，从而增加本发明水泥熟料中硅酸钙矿物的含量，保证熟料强度。The main raw material of the raw meal of the Portland cement in the present invention is limestone chips with low calcium carbonate content (less than or equal to 50%). And by selecting high-quality clay (such as clay with a high content of SiO 2 in Handan, Hebei), adding an appropriate amount of metakaolin (mainly composed of anhydrous aluminum silicate Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 ) and steel slag powder, Increase the content of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 , and adopt high silicic acid rate (SM) ingredients, thereby increasing the content of calcium silicate minerals in the cement clinker of the present invention, and ensuring the clinker strength.
进一步的，本发明所述的硅酸盐水泥生料中氧化物的种类以及各氧化物的质量百分含量为：Further, the types of oxides in the Portland cement raw meal of the present invention and the mass percentage of each oxide are:
通过检测分析，本发明上述的硅酸盐水泥的原料中，各氧化物的质量百分含量如上段所述，即表明，虽然本发明的原材料为碳酸钙含量较少的石灰石屑，降低了CaO的含量，但通过调节本发明硅酸盐水泥的其他原料的选择和品质，提高了SiO2、Al2O3和Fe3O4的含量，最终使得本发明本发明硅酸盐水泥的氧化物的含量满足水泥的煅烧。By detection and analysis, in the raw materials of the above-mentioned Portland cement of the present invention, the mass percentage of each oxide is as described in the previous paragraph, which shows that although the raw materials of the present invention are limestone chips with less calcium carbonate content, the CaO content, but by adjusting the selection and quality of other raw materials of Portland cement of the present invention, the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 is increased, and finally the oxide of Portland cement of the present invention The content meets the calcination of cement.
本发明提供一种硅酸盐水泥熟料。The invention provides a portland cement clinker.
本发明提供的硅酸盐水泥熟料，为上述生料，经粉磨、煅烧而成。煅烧温度为1350-1450℃。煅烧后，本发明硅酸盐水泥熟料中的铝酸三钙的质量百分含量为3.0-8.0％；硅酸二钙的质量百分含量为15.0-45.0％；铁铝酸四钙的质量百分含量为16.0-20.0％，其他主要为硅酸三钙。The Portland cement clinker provided by the present invention is the raw material mentioned above, which is obtained by grinding and calcining. The calcination temperature is 1350-1450°C. After calcining, the mass percentage of tricalcium aluminate in the Portland cement clinker of the present invention is 3.0-8.0%; the mass percentage of dicalcium silicate is 15.0-45.0%; the mass percentage of tetracalcium aluminoferrite The percentage content is 16.0-20.0%, and the others are mainly tricalcium silicate.
通过以上数据我们可以发现，本发明硅酸盐水泥生料煅烧后得到的水泥熟料中，硅酸三钙的含量比现有技术水泥熟料中硅酸三钙的含量略低，硅酸二钙及铝酸三钙的含量比现有技术水泥熟料中的含量高，同时规定了铁铝酸四钙的质量百分含量的限值范围。与现有技术相比，硅酸二钙含量的提高，有利于水泥的抗折性能和抗侵蚀性能，铝酸三钙含量的提高则有利于熟料早强强度及微膨胀性能的提高，铁铝酸四钙含量的限值范围则在满足耐磨性能的条件下，提高熟料的综合性能。Through the above data, we can find that in the cement clinker obtained after the Portland cement raw meal is calcined, the content of tricalcium silicate is slightly lower than the content of tricalcium silicate in the cement clinker of the prior art. The content of calcium and tricalcium aluminate is higher than that in the cement clinker of the prior art, and meanwhile the limit value range of the mass percentage content of tetracalcium aluminoferrite is stipulated. Compared with the existing technology, the increase of dicalcium silicate content is beneficial to the flexural and corrosion resistance of cement, and the increase of tricalcium aluminate content is beneficial to the improvement of clinker early strength and micro-expansion performance. The limit range of tetracalcium aluminate content is to improve the comprehensive performance of clinker under the condition of satisfying the wear resistance.
本发明提供一种硅酸盐水泥。The invention provides a Portland cement.
本发明所述的硅酸盐水泥的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量为：The components of Portland cement described in the present invention and the mass percentage of each component are:
其中，所述的水泥熟料为上述的水泥熟料。水泥组分中采用了钢渣粉，钢渣是炼钢副产品，钢渣粉是将钢渣磨至一定比表面积。钢渣粉的掺入可有效提高耐磨性能。偏高岭土的主要成分是无水硅酸铝(Al2O3·2SiO2)，偏高岭土中的活性Al2O3迅速与水泥水化过程中产生的CH反应，生成钙矾石，增加了水泥浆体中钙矾石的含量，加速了水泥的凝结。石膏反应完后，其余的偏高岭土则与水泥熟料水化生成的氢氧化钙继续反应生成C-S-H、水化铝酸三钙(C3AH6)及水化铝酸四钙(C4AH13)等有效水化产物，减少了水泥浆体中氢氧化钙的含量，从而改善了硬化水泥石的结构，提高了水泥的强度。Wherein, the cement clinker is the above-mentioned cement clinker. Steel slag powder is used in the cement component. Steel slag is a by-product of steelmaking. Steel slag powder is ground steel slag to a certain specific surface area. The addition of steel slag powder can effectively improve the wear resistance. The main component of metakaolin is anhydrous aluminum silicate (Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 ), and the active Al 2 O 3 in metakaolin quickly reacts with CH generated during cement hydration to form ettringite, which increases the cement The content of ettringite in the slurry accelerates the setting of cement. After the gypsum reaction, the remaining metakaolin will continue to react with the calcium hydroxide generated by the hydration of cement clinker to form CSH, tricalcium aluminate hydrate (C 3 AH 6 ) and tetracalcium aluminate hydrate (C 4 AH 13 ) and other effective hydration products, reducing the content of calcium hydroxide in cement paste, thereby improving the structure of hardened cement stone and increasing the strength of cement.
进一步的，本发明所述的石膏为二水石膏或混合石膏。Further, the gypsum described in the present invention is dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum.
本发明所述的混合石膏为二水石膏和硬石膏的混合物(具体请参见石膏国家标准：GB/T 5483《天然石膏》)。The mixed gypsum of the present invention is a mixture of dihydrate gypsum and anhydrite (for details, please refer to the national standard for gypsum: GB/T 5483 "Natural Gypsum").
本发明所述的水泥中的SO3含量为2.5-4.5％。 The SO3 content in the cement of the present invention is 2.5-4.5%.
石膏中的SO3在本发明水泥中的主要作用为：1、作缓凝剂，减缓水泥硬化的时间，更加适用于实际施工过程的应用；2、与偏高岭土中的Al2O3发生化学反应，生成钙矾石3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O，能使固相体积增大约120％。产生膨胀效应。SO in gypsum The main functions in the cement of the present invention are: 1 , as retarder, slow down the time of cement hardening, more suitable for the application of actual construction process; The reaction produces ettringite 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·3CaSO 4 ·32H 2 O, which can increase the volume of solid phase by about 120%. produce an expansion effect.
本发明提供一种水泥熟料的制备方法。The invention provides a method for preparing cement clinker.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分及各组分的质量百分含量见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example and the mass percentages of each component are shown in Table 1.
本发明硅酸盐水泥熟料的制备方法为：将粘土和偏高岭土组分在烘干机内烘干至含水量少于2.0％后，磨至0.080mm筛余小于10.0％；将石灰石屑破碎后粉磨至0.080mm筛余小于10.0％；将钢渣粉过筛，至0.080mm筛余小于10.0％；按表1所示的比例将上述研磨成粉的石灰石屑、粘土、偏高岭土和钢渣粉混合均匀，即成本发明硅酸盐水泥的生料。The preparation method of the Portland cement clinker of the present invention is: drying the clay and metakaolin components in a dryer until the water content is less than 2.0%, and then grinding until the sieve residue of 0.080mm is less than 10.0%; crushing the limestone chips After grinding, the sieve residue of 0.080mm is less than 10.0%; the steel slag powder is sieved until the sieve residue of 0.080mm is less than 10.0%; Mix evenly, that is, the raw meal of Portland cement of the present invention.
将所述的生料放入回转窑，在窑内煅烧、煅烧后冷却至常温，即得到本发明所述的低收缩、高抗折道路硅酸盐水泥熟料，煅烧温度见表1。The raw material is put into a rotary kiln, calcined in the kiln, and cooled to normal temperature after calcined to obtain the low-shrinkage, high-bending road Portland cement clinker of the present invention. The calcining temperature is shown in Table 1.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例5Example 5
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例6Example 6
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例7Example 7
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例8Example 8
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
实施例9Example 9
本实施例中硅酸盐水泥生料的组分以及各组分的质量百分含量、生料的煅烧温度，见表1。The components of the Portland cement raw meal in this example, the mass percentage of each component, and the calcination temperature of the raw meal are shown in Table 1.
本实施例硅酸盐水泥生料的制备方法、熟料的制备方法与实施例1相似。The preparation method of the Portland cement raw meal and the clinker in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1.
表1本发明实施例1-9中各原料的组分The composition of each raw material in the embodiment of the present invention 1-9 in table 1
经检测，实施例1-9制得的水泥熟料中的铝酸三钙的质量百分含量在3.0-8.0％之间；硅酸二钙的质量百分含量在15.0-45.0％之间；铁铝酸四钙的质量百分含量在16.0-20.0％之间，其他主要为硅酸三钙。After testing, the mass percentage of tricalcium aluminate in the cement clinker prepared in Examples 1-9 is between 3.0-8.0%; the mass percentage of dicalcium silicate is between 15.0-45.0%; The mass percentage of tetracalcium aluminoferrite is between 16.0-20.0%, and the others are mainly tricalcium silicate.
与现有技术相比，硅酸二钙含量的提高，有利于水泥的抗折性能和抗侵蚀性能，铝酸三钙含量的提高则有利于熟料早强强度及微膨胀性能的提高，铁铝酸四钙含量的限值范围则在满足耐磨性能的条件下，提高熟料的综合性能。Compared with the existing technology, the increase of dicalcium silicate content is beneficial to the flexural and corrosion resistance of cement, and the increase of tricalcium aluminate content is beneficial to the improvement of clinker early strength and micro-expansion performance. The limit range of tetracalcium aluminate content is to improve the comprehensive performance of clinker under the condition of satisfying the wear resistance.
本发明进一步提供了一种硅酸盐水泥的制备方法。The invention further provides a preparation method of Portland cement.
实施例10Example 10
采用本发明实施例1制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was used to prepare Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例11Example 11
采用本发明实施例2制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例12Example 12
采用本发明实施例3制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 3 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例13Example 13
采用本发明实施例4制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 4 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例14Example 14
采用本发明实施例5制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 5 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例15Example 15
采用本发明实施例6制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 6 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例16Example 16
采用本发明实施例7制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 7 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例17Example 17
采用本发明实施例8制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 8 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
实施例18Example 18
采用本发明实施例9制备得到的水泥熟料制备本实施例的硅酸盐水泥，本实施例硅酸盐水泥的其他原料及配比见表2。The cement clinker prepared in Example 9 of the present invention was used to prepare the Portland cement in this example. The other raw materials and proportions of the Portland cement in this example are shown in Table 2.
表2实施例10-18中硅酸盐水泥各原料组成及配比(重量百分比)Portland cement each raw material composition and proportioning (weight percentage) in the embodiment 10-18 of table 2
对上述实施例10-18所得到的道路硅酸盐水泥进行如下性能检测，具体结果见表3。The road Portland cement obtained in the above-mentioned Examples 10-18 was subjected to the following performance tests, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
1)抗折强度性能1) Flexural strength properties
通过国家水泥质量监督检验中心按GB/T17671-1999《水泥胶砂强度检验方法(ISO法)》进行性能检测。Through the national cement quality supervision and inspection center according to GB/T17671-1999 "cement mortar strength test method (ISO method)" for performance testing.
2)水泥的耐磨性能2) Wear resistance of cement
通过国家水泥质量监督检验中心按JC/T421-2005《水泥胶砂耐磨性试验方法》进行性能检测。Through the National Cement Quality Supervision and Inspection Center according to JC/T421-2005 "Cement Mortar Abrasion Test Method" for performance testing.
3)水泥的干缩性能：3) Dry shrinkage performance of cement:
通过国家水泥质量监督检验中心按JC/T 603-2005《水泥胶砂干缩试验方法》进行性能检测。Through the National Cement Quality Supervision and Inspection Center according to JC/T 603-2005 "Cement Mortar Drying Shrinkage Test Method" for performance testing.
4)水泥的净浆膨胀率4) Net slurry expansion rate of cement
通过国家水泥质量监督检验中心按JC/T 313-2009《膨胀水泥膨胀率试验方法》进行性能检测。Through the National Cement Quality Supervision and Inspection Center according to JC/T 313-2009 "Expansive Cement Expansion Rate Test Method" for performance testing.
5)通过国家水泥质量监督检验中心按GB/T 749-2008《水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法》进行性能检测。5) Pass the performance test by the National Cement Quality Supervision and Inspection Center according to GB/T 749-2008 "Test Method for Sulfate Erosion Resistance of Cement".
表3实例10-18道路硅酸盐水泥的性能检测结果Table 3 Example 10-18 Performance Test Results of Road Portland Cement
上述数据表明，本发明的道路硅酸盐水泥除了满足GB13693-2005《道路硅酸盐水泥》标准的各项物理性能要求(28d磨损量达到1.9kg/m2，28d砂浆干缩率达到0.07％)，本发明着重抗折性能、抗侵蚀性能及低收缩性能上有显著的提高。使用道路硅酸盐水泥熟料制备得到的道路硅酸盐水泥的28天抗折强度≥9.0MPa，28d净浆膨胀率达到0.5％；3％Na2SO4溶液中28d抗侵蚀系数达到1.05。其中，石膏类材料选用二水石膏或混合石膏：SO3＞35％，石膏类材料在本法发明中用于调节凝结时间；助磨剂也是选择性添加的组分，根据具体施工要求的不同添加。混合材料选用矿渣粉(或)钢渣粉和偏高岭土。上述所有材料均可以从市场上得到。The above data show that the road Portland cement of the present invention meets the requirements of various physical properties of the GB13693-2005 "Road Portland Cement" standard (28d wear amount reaches 1.9kg/m 2 , 28d mortar shrinkage rate reaches 0.07% ), the present invention focuses on significant improvements in flexural performance, erosion resistance and low shrinkage performance. The 28-day flexural strength of the road Portland cement prepared by using the road Portland cement clinker is ≥ 9.0 MPa, and the 28-day net slurry expansion rate reaches 0.5%; the 28-day erosion resistance coefficient in 3% Na 2 SO 4 solution reaches 1.05. Among them, dihydrate gypsum or mixed gypsum is selected as the gypsum material: SO 3 >35%, and the gypsum material is used to adjust the setting time in this method; the grinding aid is also a component that is selectively added, depending on the specific construction requirements Add to. The mixed materials are slag powder (or) steel slag powder and metakaolin. All of the above materials are commercially available.
本发明制得的硅酸盐水泥可以用于道路桥梁工程、机场道面工程、水电工程、防水工程等对耐磨性能有较高要求工程的修建。The Portland cement prepared by the invention can be used in the construction of road and bridge projects, airport pavement projects, hydropower projects, waterproof projects and other projects with high requirements on wear resistance.
本发明中所述的数值范围包括此范围内所有的数值，并且包括此范围内任意两个数值组成的范围值。例如，“所述的煅烧温度为1350-1450℃”，此数值范围包括1350-1450之间所有的数值，并且包括此范围内任意两个数值(例如：1380、1400)组成的范围值(1380-1400)；本发明所有实施例中出现的同一指标的不同数值，可以任意组合，组成范围值。The numerical range stated in the present invention includes all the numerical values in this range, and includes the range value composed of any two numerical values in this range. For example, "the stated calcination temperature is 1350-1450°C", this numerical range includes all numerical values between 1350-1450, and includes any two numerical values (for example: 1380, 1400) within this range (1380 -1400); different numerical values of the same indicator appearing in all embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a range value.
本发明权利要求书和发明书中出现的技术方案可以进行任意组合，组合得到的技术方案，也在本发明的保护范围之内。The technical solutions presented in the claims of the present invention and the description of the invention can be combined arbitrarily, and the technical solutions obtained by combining are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments by the technical essence still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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