CN106746364B - A method and device for resource utilization of oilfield produced water - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009300 dissolved air flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002332 oil field water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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Abstract
Description
技术领域:Technical field:
本发明涉及水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种油田采出水资源化利用方法及其装置,实现了油田采出水的回收利用。The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a method and device for resource utilization of oilfield produced water, which realizes the recovery and utilization of oilfield produced water.
背景技术:Background technique:
油田采油技术主要分为一次、二次和三次采油技术。一次采油主要靠油的自喷实现,二次采油是通过向油层中注入水,保持一定压力,将水和油一同抽出的技术,三次采油是通过改变注入水的性质来提高采油率的技术。目前主要以后两种技术为主。后两种技术的应用会产生大量的石油采出水,采出水水量大、含水率高,水中含有大量的油类、悬浮物和有机物等污染物,若将其直接回灌或者排放会对环境造成严重的污染,应进行进一步处理后再回灌或者利用。常用的含油废水处理流程为:采出水→沉降分离→过滤除油→出水。该处理流程出水一般用于回灌,出水水质较差且造成了水资源和能量的浪费。如能将采出水进行深度处理并回用,用于油田锅炉水等用水环节,不但避免水资源的浪费,且有利于环境保护。中国专利CN2012101796584公开了一种油田采出水处理及回用方法,油田采出水依次经过隔油沉淀、气浮装置、过滤装置和DTRO膜装置,虽然采用抗污染DTRO膜装置作为深度处理装置,然而由于前期处理过程工艺比较简单,过滤装置出水中有机物含量较高,实际使用过程中反渗透膜污染仍是面临的主要问题,此外抗污染反渗透膜材料成本较高也是制约该工艺的推广的瓶颈。中国专利CN20101051114392公开了一种油田采出水回用的处理方法,采油污水依次经过重量沉降、气浮除油、活性污泥处理、接触氧化池、双料过滤、叠片过滤、超滤和反渗透处理,虽然该工艺得到进一步改进,然而过程中活性污泥处理和接触氧化处理过程产生大量的污泥,引入了污泥处理的问题。Oilfield recovery technologies are mainly divided into primary, secondary and tertiary recovery technologies. Primary oil recovery is mainly achieved by self-spraying of oil. Secondary oil recovery is a technology that injects water into the oil layer and maintains a certain pressure to extract water and oil together. Tertiary oil recovery is a technology that improves oil recovery by changing the nature of injected water. At present, the latter two technologies are mainly used. The application of the latter two technologies will produce a large amount of oil production water. The production water has a large amount of water and a high water content. The water contains a large amount of pollutants such as oil, suspended solids and organic matter. If it is directly recharged or discharged, it will cause environmental damage. Serious pollution should be recharged or utilized after further treatment. The commonly used oily wastewater treatment process is: produced water→sedimentation separation→filtering to remove oil→water discharge. The effluent of this treatment process is generally used for recharge, and the effluent quality is poor and causes waste of water resources and energy. If the produced water can be further treated and reused, it can be used in oil field boiler water and other water links, which will not only avoid the waste of water resources, but also be conducive to environmental protection. Chinese patent CN2012101796584 discloses a method for the treatment and reuse of oilfield produced water. The oilfield produced water passes through oil separation sedimentation, air flotation device, filter device and DTRO membrane device in sequence. Although the anti-pollution DTRO membrane device is used as the advanced treatment device, due to The pre-treatment process is relatively simple, and the content of organic matter in the effluent of the filtration device is relatively high. The reverse osmosis membrane fouling is still the main problem in the actual use process. In addition, the high cost of anti-pollution reverse osmosis membrane materials is also a bottleneck restricting the promotion of this process. Chinese patent CN20101051114392 discloses a treatment method for the reuse of oilfield produced water. The oil production sewage is successively treated by weight sedimentation, air flotation degreasing, activated sludge treatment, contact oxidation tank, double material filtration, lamination filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis treatment , although the process has been further improved, however, a large amount of sludge is generated during the process of activated sludge treatment and contact oxidation treatment, which introduces the problem of sludge treatment.
发明内容:Invention content:
本发明目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,提供一种油田采出水资源化利用方法及其装置,解决了现有油田采出水深度处理过程中前端预处理不足造成后续深度处理过程成本高,或者生化处理过程中产生大量污泥引入污泥处理等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a resource utilization method and device for oilfield produced water, and solve the problem of insufficient front-end pretreatment in the advanced treatment process of existing oilfield produced water, resulting in high cost of the subsequent advanced treatment process, or During the biochemical treatment process, a large amount of sludge is introduced into the sludge treatment and other problems.
为实现上述目的,本发明涉及的一种油田采出水资源化利用方法,具体包括以下步骤:In order to achieve the above object, a method for resource utilization of oilfield produced water that the present invention relates to specifically includes the following steps:
(1)将存储在废水水箱中的油田采出水泵入重力除油罐中,经过重力沉降作用将大分子油滴、水和固体悬浮物分开并分别去除;(1) Pump the oilfield produced water stored in the waste water tank into the gravity oil removal tank, and separate and remove macromolecular oil droplets, water and solid suspended matter through gravity settlement;
(2)重力除油罐出水经过涡凹气浮机,涡凹气浮机中的曝气装置将气泡注入水中,均匀分布在水中的气泡将水中的油滴带出;(2) The water out of the gravity deoiling tank passes through the vortex air flotation machine, and the aeration device in the vortex air flotation machine injects air bubbles into the water, and the air bubbles evenly distributed in the water bring out the oil droplets in the water;
(3)涡凹气浮机出水输送到溶气气浮机中,再次去除水中的乳化油和溶解油,经过上述三步处理油田采出水中的石油去除率达到96%以上;(3) The effluent of the vortex concave air flotation machine is transported to the dissolved air flotation machine, and the emulsified oil and dissolved oil in the water are removed again. After the above three-step treatment, the oil removal rate in the oil field produced water reaches more than 96%;
(4)经过溶气气浮机处理后的水输送到固定化微生物处理池,出水进入中间水池I;(4) The water processed by the dissolved air flotation machine is delivered to the immobilized microorganism treatment pool, and the effluent enters the intermediate pool 1;
(5)将中间水池I出水泵入MBR装置,MBR装置为一体式MBR装置,采用抗污染帘式中空纤维超滤膜便于后续对膜材料清洗,MBR装置出水满足油田水达标排放的要求,同时也能够作为采用工艺回灌用水重复使用;(5) Pump the effluent from the intermediate pool I into the MBR device. The MBR device is an integrated MBR device. The anti-pollution curtain-type hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is used to facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the membrane material. The effluent from the MBR device meets the requirements of oilfield water discharge standards. It can also be reused as water for re-irrigation in the adopted process;
(6)MBR装置出水经过中间水池II后通过保安过滤器过滤直接进入反渗透装置处理或电渗析装置处理。(6) The effluent from the MBR device passes through the intermediate pool II and is filtered through the security filter and directly enters the reverse osmosis device for treatment or the electrodialysis device for treatment.
进一步地,本发明涉及的固定化微生物池中从上向下依次排布砂滤过滤层,好氧固定微生物层,厌氧固定微生物层和活性炭吸附层,好氧除油工程菌固定在好氧固定微生物层,厌氧除油工程菌固定在厌氧固定微生物层,经过固定化微生物处理池处理水中有机物降解,大分子有机物降解,小分子有机物吸附,剩余的少量溶解油去除,固体悬浮物去除率为85%,COD的去除率达到75%以上。Further, in the immobilized microbial pool involved in the present invention, the sand filter layer, the aerobic fixed microbial layer, the anaerobic fixed microbial layer and the activated carbon adsorption layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the aerobic degreasing engineering bacteria are fixed on the aerobic Fixed microbial layer, anaerobic degreasing engineering bacteria are fixed on the anaerobic fixed microbial layer, and after the immobilized microbial treatment tank, the organic matter in the water is degraded, the macromolecular organic matter is degraded, the small molecular organic matter is adsorbed, the remaining small amount of dissolved oil is removed, and the solid suspended matter is removed The rate is 85%, and the removal rate of COD reaches more than 75%.
本发明涉及的一种油田采出水资源化利用装置包括进水水箱、提升泵、重力除油罐、涡凹气浮机、第一提升泵、溶气气浮机、固定化微生物处理池、中间水池I、第二提升泵、MBR装置、提升泵、中间水池II、水泵、保安过滤器、反渗透系统和产水箱,进水水箱底部出水口通过第一提升泵与重力除油罐顶部连通,重力除油罐侧边出水管与涡凹气浮机底部进水口管道连通,涡凹气浮机出水口通过提升泵与溶气气浮机顶部进水口连通,溶气气浮机上部出水口与固定化微生物处理池管道式连通,固定化微生物处理池出水口与中间水池I管道连通,第二提升泵将中间水池I与MBR装置连通,MBR装置出水口通过水泵与保安过滤器进水口连接,保安过滤器出水口与反渗透进水口连接或与电渗析装置进水口连接。An oilfield produced water resource utilization device related to the present invention includes a water inlet tank, a lift pump, a gravity oil removal tank, a vortex-concave air flotation machine, a first lift pump, a dissolved air flotation machine, an immobilized microbial treatment pool, an intermediate Pool I, second lift pump, MBR device, lift pump, intermediate pool II, water pump, security filter, reverse osmosis system and water production tank, the bottom outlet of the water inlet tank is connected to the top of the gravity degreasing tank through the first lift pump, The side outlet pipe of the gravity degreasing tank is connected with the water inlet pipe at the bottom of the vortex concave air flotation machine, the water outlet of the vortex concave air flotation machine is connected with the top water inlet of the dissolved air flotation machine through the lifting pump, and the upper water outlet of the dissolved air flotation machine is connected with the The immobilized microbial treatment tank is connected in a pipeline type, the outlet of the immobilized microbial treatment tank is connected to the intermediate pool I, the second lift pump connects the intermediate pool I to the MBR device, and the outlet of the MBR device is connected to the water inlet of the security filter through a water pump. The water outlet of the security filter is connected with the water inlet of the reverse osmosis or connected with the water inlet of the electrodialysis device.
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:(1)依次采用相互促进补充的重力除油罐、涡凹气浮机和溶气气浮机三步将大粒径油珠、乳化油和溶解油等石油类物质基本去除;(2)采用固定化微生物处理池相比传统的生化处理过程处理效果更好。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) three steps of the gravity oil removal tank, the vortex air flotation machine and the dissolved air flotation machine which are mutually promoted and supplemented successively are used to remove the large particle size oil beads, emulsified oil and Dissolved oil and other petroleum substances are basically removed; (2) The immobilized microbial treatment pool is better than the traditional biochemical treatment process.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1为实施例1涉及的油田采出水资源化利用方法工艺流程图。FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for resource utilization of oilfield produced water involved in Example 1.
图2为实施例2涉及的油田采出水资源化利用方法工艺流程图。Fig. 2 is a process flow chart of the method for resource utilization of oilfield produced water involved in Embodiment 2.
具体实施方式:Detailed ways:
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
实施例1:Example 1:
如图1所示,本实施例涉及的一种油田采出水资源化利用方法,具体包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, a method for resource utilization of oilfield produced water involved in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1)将存储在废水水箱中的油田采出水泵入重力除油罐中,经过重力沉降作用将大分子油滴、水和固体悬浮物分开并分别去除;(1) Pump the oilfield produced water stored in the waste water tank into the gravity oil removal tank, and separate and remove macromolecular oil droplets, water and solid suspended matter through gravity settlement;
(2)重力除油罐出水经过涡凹气浮机,涡凹气浮机中的曝气装置将气泡注入水中,均匀分布在水中的气泡将水中的油滴带出;(2) The water out of the gravity deoiling tank passes through the vortex air flotation machine, and the aeration device in the vortex air flotation machine injects air bubbles into the water, and the air bubbles evenly distributed in the water bring out the oil droplets in the water;
(3)涡凹气浮机出水输送到溶气气浮机中,再次去除水中的乳化油和溶解油,经过上述三步处理油田采出水中的石油去除率达到96%以上;(3) The effluent of the vortex concave air flotation machine is transported to the dissolved air flotation machine, and the emulsified oil and dissolved oil in the water are removed again. After the above three-step treatment, the oil removal rate in the oil field produced water reaches more than 96%;
(4)经过溶气气浮机处理后的水输送到固定化微生物处理池,固定化微生物池中从上向下依次排布砂滤过滤层,好氧固定微生物层,厌氧固定微生物层和活性炭吸附层,好氧除油工程菌固定在好氧固定微生物层,厌氧除油工程菌固定在厌氧固定微生物层,经过固定化微生物处理池处理水中有机物降解,大分子有机物降解,小分子有机物吸附,剩余的少量溶解油去除,固体悬浮物去除率为85%,COD的去除率达到75%以上,出水进入中间水池I;(4) The water treated by the dissolved air flotation machine is transported to the immobilized microbial treatment pool, and the immobilized microbial pool is sequentially arranged with a sand filter layer, an aerobic fixed microbial layer, an anaerobic fixed microbial layer and Activated carbon adsorption layer, aerobic degreasing engineering bacteria are fixed on the aerobic fixed microbial layer, anaerobic degreasing engineering bacteria are fixed on the anaerobic fixed microbial layer, after the immobilized microbial treatment tank, the organic matter in the water is degraded, the macromolecular organic matter is degraded, and the small molecule is degraded. Organic matter is adsorbed, the remaining small amount of dissolved oil is removed, the removal rate of suspended solids is 85%, the removal rate of COD reaches more than 75%, and the effluent enters the intermediate pool I;
(5)将中间水池I出水泵入MBR装置,MBR装置为一体式MBR装置,采用抗污染帘式中空纤维超滤膜便于后续对膜材料清洗,水流入MBR膜池时再次经过生化处理,有机物降解,COD的总去除率达到95%以上,固体悬浮物去除率为90%,MBR装置出水:COD 40-80mg/L,石油类<0.05mg,电导率15600us/cm,SS 108mg/L,满足反渗透进水水质要求,同时MBR装置出水满足油田水达标排放的要求,同时也能够作为采用工艺回灌用水重复使用;(5) Pump the effluent from the middle pool I into the MBR device. The MBR device is an integrated MBR device. The anti-pollution curtain-type hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is used to facilitate subsequent cleaning of the membrane material. When the water flows into the MBR membrane pool, it will undergo biochemical treatment again to remove organic matter. Degradation, the total removal rate of COD reaches more than 95%, the removal rate of suspended solids is 90%, the effluent of MBR device: COD 40-80mg/L, petroleum <0.05mg, conductivity 15600us/cm, SS 108mg/L, meet Reverse osmosis influent water quality requirements, while the MBR device effluent meets the requirements of oilfield water discharge standards, and can also be reused as water for re-irrigation in the adopted process;
(6)MBR装置出水经过中间水池II后通过保安过滤器过滤直接进入反渗透装置处理,反渗透装置出水:COD 2-5mg/L,石油类未检出,电导率120-160us/cm,SS未检出,满足锅炉用水的进水水质标准。(6) The effluent from the MBR device passes through the intermediate pool II and then is filtered through the security filter and directly enters the reverse osmosis device for treatment. The effluent from the reverse osmosis device: COD 2-5mg/L, petroleum is not detected, conductivity 120-160us/cm, SS Not detected, meeting the influent water quality standard for boiler water.
本实施例涉及的一种油田采出水资源化利用装置包括进水水箱1、提升泵2、重力除油罐3、涡凹气浮机4、第一提升泵5、溶气气浮机6、固定化微生物处理池7、中间水池I8、第二提升泵9、MBR装置10、提升泵11、中间水池II12、水泵13、保安过滤器14、反渗透系统15和产水箱16,进水水箱1底部出水口通过第一提升泵2与重力除油罐3顶部连通,重力除油罐3侧边出水管与涡凹气浮机4底部进水口管道连通,涡凹气浮机4出水口通过提升泵5与溶气气浮机6顶部进水口连通,溶气气浮机6上部出水口与固定化微生物处理池7管道式连通,固定化微生物处理池7出水口与中间水池I8管道连通,第二提升泵9将中间水池I8与MBR装置10连通,MBR装置10出水口通过水泵13与保安过滤器14进水口连接,保安过滤器14出水口与反渗透15进水口连接。An oilfield produced water resource utilization device related to this embodiment includes a water inlet tank 1, a lift pump 2, a gravity oil removal tank 3, a vortex concave air flotation machine 4, a first lift pump 5, a dissolved air flotation machine 6, Immobilized microbial treatment pool 7, intermediate pool I8, second lift pump 9,
进一步地,固定化微生物处理池7中从上向下依次排布砂滤过滤层17,好氧固定微生物层18,厌氧固定微生物层19和活性炭吸附层20,好氧除油工程菌固定在好氧固定微生物层18,厌氧除油工程菌固定在厌氧固定微生物层19。Further,
实施例2:Example 2:
如图2所示,本实施例除步骤(6)同实施例1不同,其他均与实施例1相同。As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that step (6) is different from embodiment 1.
(6)MBR装置出水经过中间水池II后通过保安过滤器过滤直接进入电渗析装置处理,电渗析装置出水:COD 20-30mg/L,电导率110-145us/cm,其也可以作为回用水。(6) The effluent from the MBR device passes through the intermediate pool II and then is filtered through the security filter and directly enters the electrodialysis device for treatment. The effluent from the electrodialysis device: COD 20-30mg/L, conductivity 110-145us/cm, which can also be used as reused water.
本实施例涉及的一种油田采出水资源化利用装置包括进水水箱1、提升泵2、重力除油罐3、涡凹气浮机4、第一提升泵5、溶气气浮机6、固定化微生物处理池7、中间水池I8、第二提升泵9、MBR装置10、提升泵11、中间水池II12、水泵13、保安过滤器14、电渗析系统15′和产水箱16,进水水箱1底部出水口通过第一提升泵2与重力除油罐3顶部连通,重力除油罐3侧边出水管与涡凹气浮机4底部进水口管道连通,涡凹气浮机4出水口通过提升泵5与溶气气浮机6顶部进水口连通,溶气气浮机6上部出水口与固定化微生物处理池7管道式连通,固定化微生物处理池7出水口与中间水池I8管道连通,第二提升泵9将中间水池I8与MBR装置10连通,MBR装置10出水口通过水泵13与保安过滤器14进水口连接,保安过滤器14出水口与电渗析装置15′进水口连接。An oilfield produced water resource utilization device related to this embodiment includes a water inlet tank 1, a lift pump 2, a gravity oil removal tank 3, a vortex concave air flotation machine 4, a first lift pump 5, a dissolved air flotation machine 6, Immobilized microbial treatment pool 7, intermediate pool I8, second lift pump 9,
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