CN106746245A - 化工有机废水的处理方法 - Google Patents

化工有机废水的处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106746245A
CN106746245A CN201611254690.9A CN201611254690A CN106746245A CN 106746245 A CN106746245 A CN 106746245A CN 201611254690 A CN201611254690 A CN 201611254690A CN 106746245 A CN106746245 A CN 106746245A
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waste water
composite powder
sedimentation basin
zinc composite
iron zinc
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龙炳清
李贵
林春
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Sichuan Normal University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/70Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
    • C02F1/705Reduction by metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2003/001Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2003/001Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
    • C02F2003/003Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms using activated carbon or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/046Recirculation with an external loop
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Abstract

本发明介绍的化工有机废水的处理方法包括CO2加压并在超声波作用下铁锌复合粉还原、厌氧、好氧和生物滤塔处理等工序,处理后的废水可稳定达标排放。

Description

化工有机废水的处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化工有机废水的一种处理方法。
背景技术
有机化工是国民经济的支柱产业之一,其生产产生的有机废水中污染物COD浓度高,成分复杂,特别是含有持久性有机污染物(含苯环和(或)杂环等的有机物)时,处理难度大。该废水若不处理直接排入环境,将对环境造成严重污染。目前含有持久性有机污染物的化工有机废水的处理方法主要是先进行高级氧化(如铁碳微电解、金属粉还原、Fenton法等)预处理,然后生物处理。在高级氧化预处理过程中,一般需要加入硫酸,导致后续生物处理(如厌氧、水解酸化)过程中产生H2S,产生较严重的二次污染;同时由于SO4 2-对微生物的生长有明显的抑制作用,影响生物处理效果,废水难以稳定达标排放。开发二次污染小、能稳定达标排放的化工有机废水的处理方法具有较大实用价值。
发明内容
针对目前化工有机废水处理方法的问题,本发明的目的是寻找二次污染小、能稳定达标排放的化工有机废水的处理方法,其特征在于将pH值大于5.0,并经调节池调节后的含持久性有机污染物的化工有机废水送入耐压反应器,将清洁铁锌复合粉加入反应器,并通入工业CO2进行反应。铁锌复合粉的粒度小于180目,铁锌复合粉中每种金属的含量不低于5%(返回使用的铁锌复合粉不受此限制),每升废水加入铁锌复合粉5g~30g。在超声波作用下,机械搅拌反应时间为10min~40min,反应温度为25℃~60℃,CO2的压力为0.1MPa~1.0MPa,每立方米废水输入超声波的功率为2kW~8kW。反应后的废水进行液固分离,分离出的铁锌复合粉返回反应器。液固分离后的废水用石灰乳或其他碱性物质调节其pH值到6.8~8.5,然后进入沉淀池沉淀1h~3h,不定期从沉淀池中抽出污泥进行过滤,滤饼作危险固体废弃物处置,滤液返回沉淀池。沉淀池的上清废水送厌氧反应器。废水在厌氧反应器停留24h~120h,厌氧温度为25℃~55℃。厌氧后的废水进入生物好氧池常温处理,好氧处理时间为6h~16h。好氧处理后的废水进入沉淀池沉淀1h~3h,不定期从沉淀池中抽出污泥进行过滤,滤饼作危险固体废弃物处置,滤液返回好氧池。沉淀池的上清废水送多层生物滤塔处理。生物滤塔的填料为活性炭或多孔陶粒,每层厚度为1.0m~2.0m,总厚度为2m~6m。生物滤塔的优势菌种为光合细菌中的红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas)。生物滤塔的水力负荷为30 m3/m2.d~90m3/m2.d。生物滤塔的出水达标排放或回用。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,化工有机废水进入铁锌复合粉还原反应器后,废水中的大分子有机物,特别是持久性有机污染物(含苯环和(或)杂环等的有机物)通过铁锌复合粉还原产生的强还原自由基的作用而破坏,为后续生化处理创造有利条件。通入压力CO2的目的是维持铁锌复合粉还原合适的pH值(2.0~5.0),输入超声波的作用是加速反应的传质过程。还原后的废水用石灰乳或其他碱性物质调节其pH值,以满足后续厌氧和好氧过程的要求。经前述处理的废水在厌氧过程中,通过微生物的作用,大分子有机物进一步变成小分子有机物,为后续生物氧化创造更有利条件。通过生物氧化处理,剩余的大多数有机物被去除,同时去除氮磷等污染物。废水最后进入活性炭或多孔陶粒生物滤塔,在微生物,特别是红假单胞菌的作用下,进一步去除有机物和氮磷等污染物,保证处理后的废水稳定达标排放。
相对于现有方法(铁碳微电解、金属粉还原、Fenton法等),本发明的突出优点是采用CO2代替目前广泛使用的硫酸作酸化剂,不引入SO4 2-离子,基本消除了产生H2S的物质基础(部分化工有机废水含S),从而大大减轻了H2S的污染,同时也避免了SO4 2-对厌氧和好氧过程中微生物的抑制作用,大大提高生物处理的效率;化工厂都建有锅炉,燃料燃烧产生的CO2废气可充分利用,不仅可降低处理成本,而且可以减少碳排放;处理后的废水能稳定达标排放,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。
具体实施方法
实施例1:每天处理1m3化工有机废水(成分:pH6.7、CODCr11400mg/L、T-N52.5 mg/L、T-P35.1mg/L、色度250),经铁锌复合粉还原(30min、25℃、CO2压力0.6MPa、每立方米废水输入超声波功率2kW、每升废水加入铁锌复合粉25g)、厌氧(pH8.5、72h、25℃~35℃)、好氧(12h)和生物滤塔(多孔陶粒填料层总厚度4m、水力负荷35m3/m2.d)处理后出水的CODCr为55mg/L、T-N14.7mg/L、T-P0.5mg/L、色度16。
实施例2:每天处理5m3合成制药有机废水(成分:pH5.7、CODCr6500 mg/L、T-N31.3mg/L、T-P23.2mg/L、色度300),经铁锌复合粉还原(10min、40℃、CO2压力0.1MPa、每立方米废水输入超声波功率4kW、每升废水加入铁锌复合粉5g)、厌氧(pH6.8、24h、35℃~55℃)、好氧(6h)和生物滤塔(活性炭填料层总厚度2m、水力负荷90m3/m2.d)处理后出水的CODCr为49mg/L、T-N13.1mg/L、T-P0.4mg/L、色度14。

Claims (1)

1.一种化工有机废水的处理方法,其特征在于将pH值大于5.0,并经调节池调节后的含持久性有机污染物的化工有机废水送入耐压反应器,将清洁铁锌复合粉加入反应器,并通入工业CO2进行反应,铁锌复合粉的粒度小于180目,铁锌复合粉中每种金属的含量不低于5%,每升废水加入铁锌复合粉5g~30g,在超声波作用下,机械搅拌反应时间为10min~40min,反应温度为25℃~60℃,CO2的压力为0.1MPa~1.0MPa,每立方米废水输入超声波的功率为2kW~8kW,反应后的废水进行液固分离,分离出的铁锌复合粉返回反应器,液固分离后的废水用石灰乳或其他碱性物质调节其pH值到6.8~8.5,然后进入沉淀池沉淀1h~3h,不定期从沉淀池中抽出污泥进行过滤,滤饼作危险固体废弃物处置,滤液返回沉淀池,沉淀池的上清废水送厌氧反应器,废水在厌氧反应器停留24h~120h,厌氧温度为25℃~55℃,厌氧后的废水进入生物好氧池常温处理,好氧处理时间为6h~16h,好氧处理后的废水进入沉淀池沉淀1h~3h,不定期从沉淀池中抽出污泥进行过滤,滤饼作危险固体废弃物处置,滤液返回好氧池,沉淀池的上清废水送多层生物滤塔处理,生物滤塔的填料为活性炭或多孔陶粒,填料总厚度为2m~6m,生物滤塔的优势菌种为光合细菌中的红假单胞菌,生物滤塔的水力负荷为30 m3/m2.d~90m3/m2.d,生物滤塔的出水达标排放或回用。
CN201611254690.9A 2016-12-30 2016-12-30 化工有机废水的处理方法 Pending CN106746245A (zh)

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CN101665311A (zh) * 2009-09-24 2010-03-10 中南大学 高浓度难降解有机废水的催化微电解组合工艺

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Application publication date: 20170531