CN106745117B - A kind of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials and its production and use - Google Patents
A kind of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials and its production and use Download PDFInfo
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- CN106745117B CN106745117B CN201611168311.4A CN201611168311A CN106745117B CN 106745117 B CN106745117 B CN 106745117B CN 201611168311 A CN201611168311 A CN 201611168311A CN 106745117 B CN106745117 B CN 106745117B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium and two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen and hydrogen
- C01F7/784—Layered double hydroxide, e.g. comprising nitrate, sulfate or carbonate ions as intercalating anions
- C01F7/785—Hydrotalcite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials and preparation method thereof, it is prepared by the hydrotalcite Jing Guo calcination process and lignin raw material, its specific surface area is 200 1200m2/ g, pore volume are 0.2 0.8cm3/ g, resistivity are 0.2 3.0 Ω m, are comprised the following steps：Roasting：Bimetal composite oxide is made；Reduction：Obtain lignin/hydrotalcite complex；High temperature cabonization：Obtain sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials.Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:The problem of coprecipitation method hydrotalcite sheets footpath is smaller, purity is not high is avoided, while it also avoid lignin molecule clustering phenomena to caused by the complexing of metal ion in building-up process；It is easier to the microstructure and product composition of sheet biological carbon, and this method technique is simple, and cost is low, is easy to industrialize.The fields such as absorption, catalysis, energy stores, electromagnetism can be applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials and preparation method thereof and use
On the way, materials science field is belonged to.
Background technology
Carbon material, such as carbon black, carbon fiber, CNT, fullerene, graphene, due to the mechanical strength with superelevation
And the features such as electrical and thermal conductivity performance, there is extremely extensive and important application in each field.However, these carbon materials usually require
Make raw material with fossil resources, it is complicated using instrument and equipment costly, or manufacturing technique method, cause carbon material cost higher.
Therefore, dependence of the carbon material to fossil resources how is broken away from, reduces production cost, simplifies process, turns into carbon material research
The key issue in field.
Among these carbon materials, two-dimensional graphene has high-specific surface area, superior electron mobility, good due to it
The advantages that conductive capability and high optics light transmittance, have in fields such as electromagnetism, optics, the energy, sensings huge application potential and
Prospect.Since 2004 find the black alkene of stone, it has promoted development of the whole investigation of materials field to two-dimension nano materials.
Biomass has wide source, renewable, asepsis environment-protecting, low cost and other advantages, and carbon material is prepared as raw material using it
Or will solve the problems such as high conventional carbon production cost, complex process.Received it is worth noting that, preparing Two-dimensional Carbon by biomass
Rice material will certainly maximize the added value and application potential of biological carbon.At present, there is two-dimensional nanostructure biology on preparing
The research report of carbon material is considerably less.The A of Publication No. CN 105800599 patent is disclosed one kind and prepared using porous beans shell
The method of nitrogen auto-dope porous graphene.This method prepare biological carbon graphene have higher specific surface area, pore capacities and
Good electric conductivity, it can be applied to energy stores, ultracapacitor etc..And prepare two dimension on other biomass materials
The research report of carbon nanomaterial is not found temporarily.
Hydrotalcite, also known as layered double hydroxide (LDH), refer to that interlayer has the layer structure of exchangeable anions
Compound, its chemical composition can be represented by the following general formula：[MII 1-xMIII x(OH)2]x+(An- x/n).mH2O, wherein MIIAnd MIIIRespectively
For divalence and Tricationic, positioned at the octahedral interstices of main layer board；An-For the interlayer anion that valence mumber is-n, x MⅢ's
Molal quantity, m are hydration number.The layer structure of hydrotalcite is to be connected with each other to form by common edge by metallic hydrogen oxygen octahedra, band
Positive electricity, layer are superimposed with layer to top, and for interlayer with hydrogen bond association, interlayer has tradable anion as ion balance, makes entirely to tie
Structure is in electroneutral.Hydrotalcite material species is various, is used widely in catalysis, absorption, medicine etc..Publication No. CN
104609415 B patent, which discloses one kind with organic anion intercalated houghite and calcines carbonization under an inert gas, obtains stone
The method of black alkene, the large-scale production of graphene can be achieved.However, organic anion used in this method relies on petrochemical industry money
Source, and price relative to biological materials such as lignin costly.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention utilizes the structure and physical characteristic of hydrotalcite, there is provided one
Kind sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials and preparation method thereof, to reduce dependence of the two-dimentional carbon material to fossil resources,
And the value of lignin-base biological carbon is maximized, the material such as it can be used as adsorbing, is catalyzed, energy stores or electromagnetism.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：A kind of sheet biological carbon/neatly
Stone composite nano materials, it is characterised in that be prepared by the hydrotalcite Jing Guo calcination process and lignin raw material, it compares surface
Product is 200-1200m2/ g, pore volume 0.2-0.8cm3/ g, resistivity are 0.2-3.0 Ω m.
A kind of preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) it is calcined：Hydrotalcite is calcined 1-6 hours at 400-700 DEG C, bimetal composite oxide is made；
(2) reduce：It is molten that obtained bimetal composite oxide in a certain amount of step poly- (1) is added to the lignin after purification
In liquid, 1-12 hours are sufficiently stirred, centrifuge washing, precipitation is taken out and is dried at 60-80 DEG C, it is multiple to obtain lignin/hydrotalcite
Compound；
(3) high temperature cabonization：Under inert gas shielding, lignin/hydrotalcite complex for will being prepared in step (2)
600-1200 DEG C of carbonization 2-8 hour is warming up to, obtains sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials.
By such scheme, hydrotalcite is prepared by following methods described in step (1)：
It is 1.5~5.0 by mol ratio：1：3.0~15 divalent metal salt, trivalent metal salt, urea are dissolved into and removed
In the deionized water of carbon dioxide, 12-48 hours are stirred at 80-105 DEG C, reaction product is filtered, washed, is dried, is obtained
Hydrotalcite.
By such scheme, the divalent metal salt is Mg2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Pd2+、Fe2+Metal ion
Chlorate or nitrate in one or more of mixtures；The trivalent metal salt is Al3+、Cr3+、Co3+、Fe3+、Sc3+
One or more of mixtures in the chlorate or nitrate of metal ion.
By such scheme, the washing is to be washed with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
By such scheme, the temperature of the drying is 60-80 DEG C.
By such scheme, the lignin liquor after being purified described in step (2) is prepared by following methods：
By a certain amount of lignin stock dispersion in deionized water, it is 10-12.5 and machine to add sodium hydroxide regulation pH value
Tool stirs, after lignin fully dissolves, using cellulose in separating lignin solution by the way of centrifugation, hemicellulose and insoluble
Impurity.
By such scheme, the lignin is alkali lignin, sulfate-reducing conditions, enzymolysis xylogen, acetic acid lignin, height
Boiling alcohol lignin, acetone lignin, ammonia lignin, phenol lignin, ionic liquid lignin, explosion lignin, supercritical extract
One or more mixtures in lignin and organosolv lignin.
By such scheme, the mass ratio of lignin described in step (2) and bimetal composite oxide is 1：0.5~10.
The application of the sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials, it is characterised in that can be used as adsorbing, be catalyzed, energy
The material such as amount storage or electromagnetism.
It is as follows compared to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1st, the present invention prepares hydrotalcite using urea decomposition method, can form the layered bi-metal hydrogen that piece footpath is big, crystallinity is high
Oxide, be advantageous to prepare the larger-size lignin-base biological carbon of sheet.It is compound that hydrotalcite/lignin is prepared with coprecipitated method
Thing, i.e., by lignin compared with co-precipitation prepares hydrotalcite after metal salt mixes, using hydrotalcite roast reduction process by lignin
Molecular Adsorption avoids the problem of coprecipitation method hydrotalcite sheets footpath is smaller, purity is not high, simultaneously to the hydrotalcite sheets layer surface reduced
It it also avoid lignin molecule clustering phenomena to caused by the complexing of metal ion in building-up process；
2nd, in preparation method of the invention, hydrotalcite is prepared with lignin substep, by the composition, the synthesis that regulate and control hydrotalcite
Technique and ratio between the two, it is easier to regulate and control the microstructure and product composition of sheet biological carbon, and the letter of this method technique
Single, cost is low, is easy to industrialize.
3rd, sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials prepared by the present invention have very high ratio table
Area and pore capacities and good electric conductivity, the fields such as absorption, catalysis, energy stores, electromagnetism can be applied.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
(1) hydrotalcite is prepared：By 0.1mol CoCl2·6H2O、0.05mol AlCl3·6H2O, 0.2mol urea dissolves
Gone in the deionized water of removing carbon dioxide to 1L, be placed at 98 DEG C and stir 48 hours, after question response, filter and spend from
Sub- water washing 5 times, is then washed 3 times with absolute ethyl alcohol, then is placed at 60 DEG C and is dried, and obtains hydrotalcite.
(2) it is calcined：The hydrotalcite being prepared in step (1) is calcined 4 hours at 500 DEG C, bimetal composite is made
Oxide.
(3) reduce：By 10g lignin stock dispersion in 500ml deionized waters, it is 12 to add sodium hydroxide regulation pH value
And mechanical agitation.After lignin fully dissolves, using cellulose in separating lignin solution by the way of centrifugation, hemicellulose and
Insoluble impurity, the lignin liquor after being purified, then, add 20g and walk obtained hydrotalcite bimetallic oxidation in poly- (2)
Thing, it is sufficiently stirred 6 hours so that lignin is adsorbed onto the hydrotalcite sheets layer surface of reduction by electrostatic interaction, is then centrifuged for washing
Wash until upper strata is clarified, taking-up precipitation is simultaneously dried at 80 DEG C, obtains lignin/hydrotalcite complex.
(4) high temperature cabonization：By the lignin/hydrotalcite complex being prepared in step (3) under inert gas shielding
It is warming up to 800 DEG C to be carbonized 4 hours, obtains sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials.
Measured using BET nitrogen adsorption methods, the wooden base biological carbon of sheet/hydrotalcite composite Nano material manufactured in the present embodiment
The BET specific surface area of material is 474m2/ g, pore volume 0.43cm3/g.It is determined using ALC-25 type powder resistivity analyzers
Resistivity is 0.34 Ω m.
Embodiment 2
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 1, unlike,
Divalent metal salt, three salt metal salts and urea are respectively 0.15mol NiCl2·6H2O, 0.1mol AlCl3·6H2O and
0.5mol, other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 359m2/ g, pore volume 0.35cm3/ g, resistivity are 1.13 Ω m.
Embodiment 3
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 1, unlike,
Divalent metal salt, three salt metal salts and urea are respectively 0.2mol ZnCl2, 0.1mol AlCl3·6H2O and 0.3mol urea,
Other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 498m2/ g, pore volume 0.46cm3/ g, resistivity are 0.32 Ω m.
Embodiment 4
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 1, unlike,
Divalent metal salt, three salt metal salts and urea are respectively 0.1mol FeCl2·4H2O, 0.05mol AlCl3·6H2O and
0.2mol urea, other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 372m2/ g, pore volume 0.32cm3/ g, resistivity are 1.06 Ω m.
Embodiment 5
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 1, unlike,
Lignin is changed to 15g by 10g, and other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 309m2/ g, pore volume 0.31cm3/ g, resistivity are 1.26 Ω m.
Embodiment 6
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 1, unlike,
Bimetal composite oxide is changed to 30g by 20g, and other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 642m2/ g, pore volume 0.53cm3/ g, resistivity are 0.51 Ω m.
Embodiment 7
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 3, unlike,
Bimetal composite oxide is changed to 30g by 20g, and other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 736m2/ g, pore volume 0.59cm3/ g, resistivity are 0.68 Ω m.
Embodiment 8
The wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet are prepared using the method in embodiment 7, unlike,
High temperature cabonization temperature is changed to 1200 DEG C by 800 DEG C, and other conditions are constant.
After measured, the BET specific surface area of the wooden base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials of sheet made from the present embodiment
For 1043m2/ g, pore volume 0.67cm3/ g, resistivity are 1.39 Ω m.
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Roasting：Hydrotalcite is calcined 1-6 hours at 400-700 DEG C, bimetal composite oxide is made；
（2）Reduction：A certain amount of step is gathered（1）In obtained bimetal composite oxide be added to purification after lignin liquor
In, 1-12 hours are sufficiently stirred, centrifuge washing, precipitation is taken out and is dried at 60-80 DEG C, it is compound to obtain lignin/hydrotalcite
Thing；
（3）High temperature cabonization：Under inert gas shielding, by step（2）In the lignin/hydrotalcite complex heating that is prepared
To 600-1200 DEG C of carbonization 2-8 hour, sheet lignin-base biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials are obtained.
2. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step（1）Described in hydrotalcite be prepared by following methods：
It is 1.5 ~ 5.0 by mol ratio：1：3.0 ~ 15 divalent metal salt, trivalent metal salt, urea are dissolved into and have removed titanium dioxide
In the deionized water of carbon, 12-48 hours are stirred at 80-105 DEG C, reaction product is filtered, washed, is dried, obtains hydrotalcite.
3. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The divalent metal salt is Mg2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Pd2+、Fe2+In the chlorate or nitrate of metal ion
One or more of mixtures；The trivalent metal salt is Al3+、Cr3+、Co3+、Fe3+、Sc3+The chlorate of metal ion or
One or more of mixtures in nitrate.
4. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The washing is to be washed with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
5. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The temperature of the drying is 60-80 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step（2）Described in purify after lignin liquor be prepared by following methods：
By a certain amount of lignin stock dispersion in deionized water, it is that simultaneously machinery stirs 10-12.5 to add sodium hydroxide regulation pH value
Mix, after lignin fully dissolves, using cellulose in separating lignin solution by the way of centrifugation, hemicellulose and insoluble miscellaneous
Matter.
7. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 6, it is characterised in that
The lignin is that alkali lignin, sulfate-reducing conditions, enzymolysis xylogen, acetic acid lignin, high-boiling alcohol lignin, acetone are wooden
Element, ammonia lignin, phenol lignin, ionic liquid lignin, explosion lignin, supercritical extract lignin and solvent-borne type are wooden
One or more mixtures in element.
8. the preparation method of sheet biological carbon/hydrotalcite composite nano materials according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Step（2）Described in the mass ratio of lignin and bimetal composite oxide be 1：0.5~10.
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| CN108404862B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-11-10 | 湘潭大学 | Magnesium-iron metal-based carbon nano material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in nitrogen adsorption |
| CN108560299B (en) * | 2018-04-22 | 2020-06-09 | 广东华能特种纸有限公司 | Preparation method of high-retention papermaking filler |
| CN108610506B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-09-22 | 浙江理工大学 | Integrally formed environment-friendly protective pad and production method thereof |
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