CN106737199B - A kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted and method - Google Patents
A kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106737199B CN106737199B CN201611261823.5A CN201611261823A CN106737199B CN 106737199 B CN106737199 B CN 106737199B CN 201611261823 A CN201611261823 A CN 201611261823A CN 106737199 B CN106737199 B CN 106737199B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/12—Dressing tools; Holders therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is to disclose a kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, including controller, the skive for being machined with the micro- tip of grinding wheel, laser cutting head, optical fiber, laser generator, controller controls laser generator and emits laser, optical fiber connects laser generator and laser cutting head, the laser is focused by laser cutting head by optical fiber and is exported, the laser beam of the micro- tip of grinding wheel and workpiece relative motion, laser cutting head output forms an angle with grinding wheel cutting point tangential directionθAnd it focuses on the burr of abrasive grain cutting formation at the micro- tip of grinding wheel.The invention also discloses a kind of online deburrings and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted.The present invention assists micro- grinding using pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, it is coupled with grinding shearing thermal energy using suitable laser energy, removal microstructured edge burr is melted by control of burr temperature online and does not destroy base material, obtains high quality micro-structure, high in machining efficiency, processing cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microfabrication device and methods, and in particular to a kind of online deburring and grinding wheel dressing laser
Assist grinding attachment and method.
Background technology
Micro- grinding is a kind of conventional machinery processing method finished to workpiece, can accurately control shape essence
Degree, but be difficult effectively to promote limit machining accuracy, easily cause embrittlement, processing stainless steel etc. when being ground the hard brittle materials such as glass ceramics
Burr easily is generated at edge when metal material, needs regular dressing after the micro- points wear of grinding wheel.Laser processing is used as one kind is non-to connect
Touch physical refining processes, have many advantages, such as that controllability is strong, process it is flexible, can by density of heat energy rapid melting material removal,
But excessive energy can cause detrimental thermal effects area.Therefore laser assisted processing technology physics being combined as a whole with mechanical processing
It is rapidly developed.Conventional laser secondary process uses laser beam elder generation preheated material, reduces material yield strength, after softener material
It is processed again with mechanical means such as turning, milling, grindings.Virginia Garc í a Navas have found to use diode pumping
Continuous laser assists Cutting Force when turning nickel alloy to reduce, and Jong Wook Ahn assist milling carbon steel using diode laser
Shi Faxian specific cutting energies reduce 60%.D.W. Kang has found to use the multiple preheated ceramic of laser, then carries out milling, knife again
Tool grinding is obviously reduced, but S. N. Melkote have found that in laser assisted milling mould steel, surface roughness ratio is without laser
Assistant grinding increases 36%.M. Kumar has found mill of the grinding force ratio without laser assisted during laser assisted is ground ceramics
It cuts power and reduces 43.2%.However the hair of the microstructured edges such as laser assisted processing removal hole, groove is not yet used in existing research
Thorn, the method for removing flash removed at present are mainly pincers worker manual grinding deburring, abrasive grinding deburring, but processing efficiency is low, at
This height can not achieve the online deburring of process, since micro- grinding belongs to high-precision microfabrication, it is difficult to remove micro- be ground
The fine burr generated in journey.In addition, the method for dressing is mainly that grinding stone repaiies mill or laser after the micro- points wear of grinding wheel at present
It is sharp, all it is offline dressing grinding wheel, low production efficiency is of high cost.
Invention content
A kind of online deburring is provided it is an object of the invention to consider the above problem and grinding wheel dressing laser assisted is micro-
Fine grinding turning device and method.It is intended to online dressing grinding wheel in real time, removes microstructured edge burr, realizes that high quality, high-precision are micro-
The processing of structure.
The present invention solve above-mentioned technical problem technical solution be：
A kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, include controller, are machined with grinding wheel
Skive, laser cutting head, optical fiber, the laser generator at micro- tip, the controller control laser generator transmitting swash
Light, the optical fiber connection laser generator and laser cutting head, the laser are focused by laser cutting head by optical fiber and are exported, institute
The micro- tip of grinding wheel and workpiece relative motion are stated, the laser beam that the laser cutting head is sent out is with grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction at one
Clamp angleθAnd it focuses on the burr of grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting formation at the micro- tip of grinding wheel.
Further, the laser is pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, and laser facula is in Gaussian Profile, and laser facula size is
10~200 μm。
Further, 780~2526 nm of the laser wavelength range, pulsewidth are more than or equal to 20 ns, energy density range
For 0.1~50 J/cm2, frequency range is 1~100 kHz.
Further, the skive is metal bonded wheel.
Further, the laser beam is incident on cutting point, Gauss with grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction at 1 ° ~ 20 ° angles
Laser facula is distributed on the burr of grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting formation, and part gauss laser hot spot is distributed at grinding wheel cutting point simultaneously
The micro- tip of grinding wheel bonding agent on.
A kind of online deburring and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, include the following steps：
1) use grinding stone that 3 dressing of skive is gone out the micro- tip of 30 ° ~ 160 ° V-arrangement grinding wheels 2；
2）Controller 1 controls laser generator and emits laser, the optical fiber connection laser generator and laser cutting head, institute
It states laser and output is focused by laser cutting head by optical fiber；
3) laser beam and grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction are focused on grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting and is formed at 1 ° ~ 20 ° angle incidences
Burr on, part gauss laser is distributed on the bonding agent at the micro- tip of grinding wheel at grinding wheel cutting point simultaneously；
4) laser cutting head and skive position are opposing stationary, and skive is located at workpiece surface, diamond
Grinding wheel rotates, and feeds workpiece in the Y direction with certain feeding depth, and laser cutting head eye point is coke with cutting point distance
Away from X, Z plane movement is micro- to be ground out very low power for workpiece relative laser and the micro- tip 2 of grinding wheel；
5）The burr of microstructured edge is removed under the action of pulse laser by online fusing；Grinding wheel bond is softened,
Micro- grit protrusion, the micro- tip of grinding wheel is by online dressing.
Further, the rotating speed 100 rpm ~ 5000 rpm rotations of the skive, feeding depth is 0.1 ~ 20 μ
M, feed speed are 10 ~ 300 mm/min.
Further, the laser energy density is adjusted according to the type of rapidoprint so that laser action is in hair
At thorn temperature more than material melting point and around burr base material temperature be less than material melting point.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：It is compared with existing micro- grinding, the present invention is compounded with while going to micro-structure side
Echinid pierces and the effect of dressing grinding wheel, takes full advantage of the characteristic of gaussian laser distribution, laser heat source is focused on grinding wheel abrasive grain
It cuts on the burr formed, laser heat source is coupled with grinding shear heat source, and burr temperature is made to be more than material melting point, and base material temperature is small
In material melting point, flash removed can be melted online, and ensureing surrounding base material will not be destroyed.It is distributed in simultaneously in process
Gauss laser light spot energy on the micro- tip of grinding wheel cutting point can online dressing grinding wheel.It is cut with grinding wheel cutting point in laser light incident direction
Line angular separationθIt can be suitable for micro- grinding of multiple material various shapes micro-structure with flexible modulation, the method.The present invention
The function of realizing online deburring and dressing grinding wheel simultaneously in micro- grinding process is a kind of ingenious in design, function admirable, side
Just practical, the low laser assisted processing method of processing cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is online deburring and the fine grinding attachment schematic diagram of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the online deburring and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 3 is the online deburring of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and the temperature point of the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted
Cloth schematic diagram.
Work pieces process Surface scan electron microscope when Fig. 4 is the micro- grinding of no laser assisted.
Fig. 5 is work pieces process face surface sweeping electron microscope when having the micro- grinding of laser assisted.
In figure：1, controller；2, skive tip；3, skive；4, laser beam；5, burr；6, workpiece；
7, very low power；8, laser cutting head；9, optical fiber；10, laser generator；11- bonding agents；The micro- abrasive grain of 12- diamonds；13- laser
Heat source；14- grinding cutting heat sources.
Specific implementation mode
In order to be best understood from the present invention, the present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but this
The claimed range of invention is not limited to the range of embodiment expression.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, include controller 1,
It is machined with skive 3, laser cutting head 8, optical fiber 9, the laser generator 10 at the micro- tip of grinding wheel 2, the controller 1 controls
Laser generator 10 emits laser, and the optical fiber 9 connects laser generator 10 and laser cutting head 8, and the laser passes through optical fiber 9
It is focused and is exported by laser cutting head 8, the micro- tip 2 of grinding wheel and 6 relative motion of workpiece, what the laser cutting head 8 was sent out swashs
Light beam 4 forms an angle with grinding wheel cutting point tangential directionθAnd the hair that the grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting for focusing on the micro- tip of grinding wheel 2 is formed
In thorn 5.The controller 1 controls laser generator 10 and exports laser, and the main output power for controlling laser, laser pulse repeat
The laser parameters such as frequency.Laser is transferred to laser cutting head 8 through optical fiber 9, has condenser lens in laser cutting head 8, can control
The focal length of laser.Laser light incident direction can be controlled in Y, Z plane rotating laser head 8.The skive of the present embodiment
For metal bonded wheel, the micro- tip 2 of grinding wheel is 120 ° of micro- tips of V-arrangement.
Specifically, the laser is pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, laser facula is in Gaussian Profile, and laser facula size is
10~200 μm.780~2526 nm of the laser wavelength range, pulsewidth be more than or equal to 20 ns, energy density ranging from 0.1~
50 J/cm2, frequency range is 1~100 kHz.
Specifically, the laser beam 4 is incident on cutting point, Gauss with grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction at 1 ° ~ 20 ° angles
Laser facula is distributed on the burr 5 of grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting formation, i.e., the laser beam 4 that laser cutting head 8 projects focuses on cutting
Point, laser spot center are located on the burr 5 of grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting formation, meanwhile, part gauss laser hot spot is distributed in grinding wheel
At the grinding wheel cutting point at micro- tip 2 on bonding agent 11, the grinding cutting heat source 14 of the coupling of laser heat source 13 at this time acts on laser light
Burr at spot center (see Fig. 2).
When pulsed laser action, 5 surface temperature of burr increases, and burr temperature declines after pulse laser, when burr most
Big temperature is higher than material melting point, and when base material temperature is less than material melting point, burr 5 can be removed and finished surface will not be broken
It is bad (as shown in Figure 3), since laser spot center acts on burr 5, it is easier to control.It is distributed in the micro- tip of grinding wheel 2
Fraction of laser light energy then soften bonding agent so that the micro- abrasive grain of diamond 12 goes out sword.Laser beam 4 and grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction
It forms an angleθ, it is therefore intended that find the micro- tip of optimal incident angle in fact dressing grinding wheel 2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of online deburring and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, include the following steps：
1) use grinding stone that 3 dressing of skive is gone out the micro- tip of 120 ° of V-arrangement grinding wheels 2；
2）Controller 1 controls laser generator 10 and emits laser, and the optical fiber 9 connects laser generator 10 and laser cutting
First 8, the laser is focused by laser cutting head 8 by optical fiber 9 and is exported, and 8 eye point of laser cutting head is coke with cutting point distance
Away from；In the present embodiment, laser is pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, and laser beam is in Gaussian Profile, and setting laser facula size is 100 μ
M, focal length are 20 mm, and wavelength is 1064 nm, and pulsewidth is 100 ns, and energy density is 0.6 J/cm2, 20 kHz of frequency；
3) laser beam 4 and grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction are focused on into the formation of grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting at 5 ° of angle incidences
On burr 5, part gauss laser is distributed in simultaneously on the bonding agent 11 at the micro- tip of grinding wheel at grinding wheel cutting point 2；
4) laser cutting head 8 and 3 position of skive are opposing stationary, and skive 3 is located at 6 upper surface of workpiece, work
Part 6 is the difficult-to-machine materials such as mould steel, stainless steel；3 rotating speed of skive, 1600 rpm, feed speed are 60 mm/min, into
It it is 4 μm to depth, in X, Z plane movement is micro- to be ground out very low power 7 for 6 relative laser of workpiece and grinding wheel；
5）The burr of microstructured edge is removed under the action of pulse laser by online fusing；Grinding wheel bond is softened,
Micro- grit protrusion, micro- tip is by online dressing.
The laser energy density is adjusted according to the type of rapidoprint so that laser action temperature at burr is big
In material melting point, base material temperature is less than material melting point around burr.
In this example, the micro- tip 2 of grinding wheel processes deep 20 μm, wide 110 μm of V-arrangement very low power 7 in stainless steel surface, adds
Work efficiency fruit as shown in figure 4, and work pieces process face schematic diagram when micro- for the no laser assisted grindings of Fig. 5, by comparing as can be seen that
Very low power burrs on edges 5 is removed under the action of pulse laser by online fusing when having laser light incident, and hair when without laser light incident
Thorn 5 is not removed then, finally processes high-precision, the micro-structure of non-flanged burr.
In conclusion the present invention assists micro- grinding using pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, swashed using suitable in process
Light energy is coupled with grinding shearing thermal energy, and higher than material melting point, neighbouring base material temperature is less than material melting point to control of burr temperature,
Removal microstructured edge burr can be then melted online and does not destroy base material, be suitable for the processing of a variety of micro-structures of multiple material；
Suitable gradient thermal energy softening bonding agent make micro- grit protrusion, achieve the purpose that online dressing grinding wheel, regulate laser power,
Repetition rate, micro- grinding and feeding depth, feed speed, the parameters such as grinding wheel speed can then obtain impulse- free robustness high quality micro-structure,
High in machining efficiency, processing cost is low.
The above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be to the present invention
Embodiment restriction.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also make on the basis of the above description
Other various forms of variations or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in the protection of the claims in the present invention made by within spirit and principle
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：Including controller (1),
It is machined with skive (3), laser cutting head (8), optical fiber (9), the laser generator (10) at the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2), it is described
Controller (1) controls laser generator (10) and emits laser, optical fiber (9) the connection laser generator (10) and laser cutting head
(8), the laser is focused by laser cutting head (8) by optical fiber (9) and is exported, and the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2) is opposite with workpiece (6)
The laser beam (4) of movement, laser cutting head (8) output forms an angle with grinding wheel cutting point tangential directionθAnd it focuses on
On the burr (5) that the grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting at the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2) is formed.
2. online deburring according to claim 1 and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
The laser is pulsed infrared optical-fiber laser, and laser facula is in Gaussian Profile, and laser facula size is 10 ~ 200 μm.
3. online deburring according to claim 2 and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
780~2526 nm of the laser wavelength range, pulsewidth are more than or equal to 20 ns, energy density ranging from 0.1~50 J/cm2, frequency
Rate ranging from 1~100 kHz.
4. online deburring according to claim 1 and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
The skive (3) is metal bonded wheel.
5. online deburring according to claim 2 and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
The laser beam (4) is incident on cutting point with grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction at 1 ° ~ 20 ° angles, and gauss laser hot spot is distributed in
On the burr (5) that grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting is formed, part gauss laser hot spot is distributed in the micro- point of grinding wheel at grinding wheel cutting point simultaneously
On the bonding agent (11) for holding (2).
6. a kind of online deburring and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) skive (3) dressing is gone out by 30 ° ~ 160 ° micro- tips of V-arrangement grinding wheel (2) using grinding stone；
2) controller (1) control laser generator (10) exports laser, and optical fiber (9) connects laser generator (10) and laser cutting
Head (8), the laser are focused by laser cutting head (8) by optical fiber (9) and are exported；
3) laser beam (4) and grinding wheel cutting point tangential direction are focused on grinding wheel abrasive grain cutting and is formed at 1 ° ~ 20 ° angle incidences
Burr (5) on, part gauss laser is distributed on the bonding agent (11) at the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2) at grinding wheel cutting point simultaneously；
4) laser cutting head (8) and skive (3) position are opposing stationary, and skive (3) is located at workpiece (6) upper table
Face, skive (3) rotation, and workpiece (6), laser cutting head (8) eye point are fed with certain feeding depth in the Y direction
It is focal length, workpiece (6) relative laser and the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2) in X with cutting point distance, Z plane movement is micro- to be ground out very low power
(7)；
5) burr of microstructured edge is removed under the action of pulse laser by online fusing；Grinding wheel bond is softened, micro- mill
Grain goes out sword, and the micro- tip of grinding wheel (2) is by online dressing.
7. online deburring according to claim 6 and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
The rotating speed of the skive (3) be 100rpm ~ 5000rpm rotation, feeding depth be 0.1 ~ 20 μm, feed speed be 10 ~
300mm/min。
8. online deburring according to claim 6 and the fine method for grinding of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted, it is characterised in that：
The energy density of the laser is adjusted according to the type of rapidoprint so that laser action temperature at burr is more than material
Fusing point and around burr base material temperature be less than material melting point.
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| CN113927172B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2024-07-05 | 阿帕奇(北京)光纤激光技术有限公司 | Laser deburring and chamfering method and system |
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