CN106736254A - A kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method - Google Patents
A kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106736254A CN106736254A CN201610918478.1A CN201610918478A CN106736254A CN 106736254 A CN106736254 A CN 106736254A CN 201610918478 A CN201610918478 A CN 201610918478A CN 106736254 A CN106736254 A CN 106736254A
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- aluminium alloy
- structural member
- wrought aluminium
- silk material
- forming method
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, it is characterised in that the forming method is comprised the following steps：1）It is prepared by wrought aluminium alloy silk material；2）Structural member is layered；3）Structural member is molded；The technical scheme overcomes the defect that existing wrought aluminium alloy forming technique is present, improve the mechanical property of wrought aluminium alloy structural member, make structural member interior tissue uniform, crystal grain is tiny, zero defect, and improves utilization rate of raw materials and yield rate, the program can be used for the preparation of various large, medium and small wrought aluminium alloy structural members, the straight forming of various aluminum alloy materials is also applied for, and shortens the process-cycle, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming method, and in particular to a kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, belong to deformation
Aluminium alloy forming field technical field.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy density is low, but specific strength is high, and plasticity is good, under uniform temperature, velocity conditions, applies outside various forms
Power, can be processed into various section bars, with excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion stability, industrially widely use, and usage amount is only secondary
Yu Gang.Wrought aluminium alloy structural member is in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, military project, automobile, machine-building, ship and electric, chemical industry
Widely apply.At present, wrought aluminium alloy structural member mainly using sheet material welding, bar or slab forging or（With）Machining
Etc. method.
By sheet material weld the aluminum alloy junction component that obtains exist weldquality be difficult to control to, by weld seam heat affecting low intensity
40 ~ 70%, the problems such as yield rate is low and deforms difficult control；Forged by bar or slab or（With）The structure that machining is made
It is long less than 15%, process-cycle to there is utilization rate of raw materials in part.All there is inside in structural member obtained in two kinds of structural member forming methods
Uneven microstructure, the problems such as crystal grain deforms along machine direction, causes structural member tissue and intensity anisotropy, has a strong impact on aluminium
The overall performance of alloy structure part, declines stability.Therefore, it is necessary to be badly in need of a kind of new wrought aluminium alloy structural member of exploitation
Forming method.Electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing is the Forming Theory based on discrete dynamics models, and component is decomposed into point, line, surface, Ran Houyou
Electric arc melts metal wire material, and by set forming path stack shaping per a thin layer, layer upon layer ultimately forms 3D solid
The advanced manufacturing technology of part, is with a wide range of applications.
The content of the invention
To overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention to provide a kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, the skill
Art scheme overcomes the defect that existing wrought aluminium alloy forming technique is present, and improves the intensity of wrought aluminium alloy structural member, makes structure
Part interior tissue is uniform, and crystal grain is tiny, pore-free and is mingled with, and improves utilization rate of raw materials and yield rate.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：A kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, its
It is characterised by, the forming method is comprised the following steps：1）It is prepared by wrought aluminium alloy silk material；2）Structural member is layered；3）Structural member
Shaping.The structural member manufactured by this method, with utilization rate of raw materials is high, high yield rate, small allowance, even tissue,
Crystal grain is tiny, excellent in mechanical performance and it is each to uniform, pore-free and inclusion defect the advantages of, the invention can meet " three boats ",
The requirement of military project and high-end aluminum products field to wrought aluminium alloy structural member, shortens the process-cycle, reduces production cost, carries
The stability of wrought aluminium alloy structural member high.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 1）Middle wrought aluminium alloy silk material prepares specific as follows：11）Forging,
The wrought aluminium alloy wire rod of a diameter of 8 ~ 12mm of Φ is carried out into 3 road rapid forges, the line footpath of each passage is 6.0 ~ 8.0mm of Φ, Φ
2.0 ~ 2.4mm of 4.8 ~ 6.0mm and Φ, the reducing rate of each passage is 40 ~ 75%；
12）Annealing, more than forge passage between and forging terminate to be made annealing treatment respectively, to discharge machining stress, anneal
Temperature is fully softened with that can enable aluminum alloy to wire rod, and recrystal grain does not occur grows up to be advisable；The temperature wherein annealed is 350
DEG C-400 DEG C, annealing time is 1.5-2.5 hours；
13）Lian La, even drawing is carried out with wire drawing machine by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 2.4mm ~ 2.0mm of forging molding,
Deflection between each wire-drawing die is consistent, and silk material finally is carried out into sizing processing through 1 glomerocryst plug die high, obtains a diameter of
The aluminium alloy silk material of φ 1.26-1.30mm, elects φ 1.27mm as.
14）Scraping, by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after sizing sequentially pass through a positioning mould, two shaving molds, one
Press polish mould, is surface-treated, and obtains the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 1.18mm；
15）Ultrasonic wave is cleaned, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after surface treatment is carried out into monofilament ultrasonic wave cleaning；Ultrasonic wave cleaning
Temperature is 40-90 DEG C, and the time is 5-20 seconds；
16）Surface-brighteningization is passivated, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after cleaning is passed sequentially through into light brightening solution and passivating dip, is entered
Row surface-brightening, Passivation Treatment, and by drying and processing, in one layer of uniform compact oxidation layer of silk material form of expression, prevent
Uneven oxidation, to improve the finish on wrought aluminium alloy silk material surface, it is ensured that wire feed stabilization when using；Temperature after being wherein passivated
It is 40-60 DEG C to spend, and the time is 10-20 seconds；Drying temperature is 80-100 DEG C, and the time is 2-3 seconds；
17）Divide disk and packaging, a point disk will be carried out according to 6 ~ 7kg/ disks by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after light brightening and passivation, and
It is vacuum-packed, it is standby.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 2）Middle structural member layering is specific as follows：
21）Using computer software（Solidworks, Pro-E, CAD, UG etc.）Three-dimensional digital-to-analogue is decomposed into point, line, surface；
22）According to the digital-to-analogue after decomposition and structural member pattern, temperature field and stress field simulation are carried out, the depth of parallelism is less than or equal to 5mm
Within deformation come determine forming path and optimization molding technique parameter；
23）The technological parameter of forming path and optimization is changed into machine language, and is transmitted to robot and the source of welding current.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 3）Structural member shaping is specific as follows, in pure argon（99.9999%）
Or argon gas（70~90%）- helium（30~10%）Gaseous mixture or argon gas-hydrogen（0.1~0.3%）Under the protection of the atmosphere such as gaseous mixture,
The source of welding current is using the technological parameter of optimization by step 1）Step 2 is pressed by obtained wrought aluminium alloy silk material continuous melting, robot）
The forming path of determination drives welding gun, coordinates continuous wire feeder, successively piles up and forms wrought aluminium alloy component.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 3）In, it is every pile up one or more layers when, pile up upper surface
And two sides cut, the treatment such as nanosizing and polishing；The technical scheme can ensure structure prepared by above-mentioned forming method
Surface quality and the size requirement of part.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 3）In, when often piling up one or more layers, pile up upper surface and
Two sides are rolled and are forged etc. treatment；The technical scheme improves the mechanical property of structural member and eliminates internal micro- stomata etc. and lacks
Fall into.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 3）In, it is every pile up one or more layers when, carry out partly or wholly
Heating and cooling treatment.The technical scheme can prevent the structural member internal grain for preparing from growing up and local stress is excessive.
Relative to prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows：1）The present invention can make the rapid shaping of wrought aluminium alloy, and in fact
Existing edge forming side processing, finished product structure part can be by after a small amount of processing or not processed directly installation application；2）Electric arc fuse
Increasing material manufacturing is directly prepared into wrought aluminium alloy structural member, and alloy strength improves 15%, and yield tensile ratio improves 5%, and elongation percentage is improved
150%, for aluminum alloy junction component is thinning, mitigates and provide possibility, yield rate is more than 90%, and allowance is less than 0.08mm, original
Stock utilization is up to more than 95%, and shaping efficiency is high, and 4）With conventional cast ratio, the deformation aluminium conjunction that electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing is made
The interior tissue of golden structural member is uniform, pore-free, be mingled with the casting flaw such as loose, greatly improve the security of structural member,
The method is applied to all kinds of aluminum alloy materials.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 2219 electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing knot metallographic structure figures；
Fig. 2 determines schematic diagram for wall type structure walking path.
Specific embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, the present invention is made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
Thin explanation and introduction.
Embodiment 1：A kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, the forming method is comprised the following steps：1）Deformation
It is prepared by aluminium alloy silk material；2）Structural member is layered；3）Structural member is molded, the structural member manufactured by this method, with raw material profit
With rate is high, high yield rate, small allowance, even tissue, tiny crystal grain, excellent in mechanical performance and it is each to uniform, pore-free and
The advantages of inclusion defect, the invention can meet " three boat ", military project and high-end aluminum products field to wrought aluminium alloy structural member
It is required that, the process-cycle is shortened, production cost is reduced, improve the stability of wrought aluminium alloy structural member；
The step 1）Middle wrought aluminium alloy silk material prepares specific as follows：11）Forging, the deformation aluminium of a diameter of 8 ~ 12mm of Φ is closed
Golden wire rod carries out 3 road rapid forges, the line footpath of each passage is 6.0 ~ 8.0mm of Φ, Φ 2.0 ~ 2.4mm of 4.8 ~ 6.0mm and Φ, respectively
The reducing rate of passage is 40 ~ 75%；
12）Annealing, more than forge passage between and forging terminate to be made annealing treatment respectively, to discharge machining stress, anneal
Temperature is fully softened with that can enable aluminum alloy to wire rod, and recrystal grain does not occur grows up to be advisable；The temperature wherein annealed is 350
DEG C-400 DEG C, annealing time is 1.5-2.5 hours；
13）Lian La, even drawing is carried out with wire drawing machine by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 2.4mm ~ 2.0mm of forging molding,
Deflection between each wire-drawing die is consistent, and silk material finally is carried out into sizing processing through 1 glomerocryst plug die high, obtains a diameter of
The aluminium alloy silk material of φ 1.27mm；
14）Scraping, a positioning mould, two shaving molds, a press polish are sequentially passed through by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after sizing
Mould, is surface-treated, and obtains the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 1.18mm；
15）Ultrasonic wave is cleaned, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after surface treatment is carried out into monofilament ultrasonic wave cleaning；Ultrasonic wave cleaning
Temperature is 40-90 DEG C, and the time is 5-20 seconds；
16）Surface-brighteningization is passivated, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after cleaning is passed sequentially through into light brightening solution and passivating dip, is entered
Row surface-brightening, Passivation Treatment, and by drying and processing, in one layer of uniform compact oxidation layer of silk material form of expression, prevent
Uneven oxidation, to improve the finish on wrought aluminium alloy silk material surface, it is ensured that wire feed stabilization when using；Temperature after being wherein passivated
It is 40-60 DEG C to spend, and the time is 10-20 seconds；Drying temperature is 80-100 DEG C, and the time is 2-3 seconds；
17）Divide disk and packaging, a point disk will be carried out according to 6 ~ 7kg/ disks by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after light brightening and passivation, and
It is vacuum-packed, it is standby.
The step 2）Middle structural member layering is specific as follows：
21）Using computer software（Solidworks, Pro-E, CAD, UG etc.）Three-dimensional digital-to-analogue is decomposed into point, line, surface；
22）According to the digital-to-analogue after decomposition and structural member pattern, temperature field and stress field simulation are carried out, the depth of parallelism is less than or equal to 5mm
Within deformation come determine forming path and optimization molding technique parameter；
23）The technological parameter of forming path and optimization is changed into machine language, and is transmitted to robot and the source of welding current.
The step 3）Structural member shaping is specific as follows, in pure argon（99.9999%）Or argon gas（70~90%）- helium
（30~10%）Gaseous mixture or argon gas-hydrogen（0.1~0.3%）Under the protection of the atmosphere such as gaseous mixture, the source of welding current is using the work for optimizing
Skill parameter is by step 1）Step 2 is pressed by obtained wrought aluminium alloy silk material continuous melting, robot）The forming path of determination drives weldering
Rifle, coordinates continuous wire feeder, successively piles up and forms wrought aluminium alloy component.
The step 3）In, it is every pile up one or more layers when, pile up upper surface and two sides cut, nanometer
The treatment such as change and polishing；The technical scheme can ensure that the surface quality and size of structural member prepared by above-mentioned forming method will
Ask.
The step 3）In, when often piling up one or more layers, rolled and forged in the upper surface and two sides piled up
Deng treatment；The technical scheme improves the mechanical property of structural member and eliminates the defects such as internal micro- stomata.
The step 3）In, it is every pile up one or more layers when, partly or wholly heated and cooling treatment.The technology
Scheme can prevent the structural member internal grain for preparing from growing up and local stress is excessive.
The technical scheme wrought aluminium alloy material is directly prepared into structural member by electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing, and alloy strength is carried
High by 10%, yield tensile ratio improves 5 ~ 10%, and elongation percentage improves 100%, for aluminum alloy junction component is thinning, mitigates and provides possibility,
The interior tissue of the wrought aluminium alloy structural member that electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing is made is uniform, pore-free, be mingled with and the casting such as loose
Defect, greatly improves the security of structural member.
Application Example 1：
By taking 2219 aluminium alloys as an example
1）The preparation of 2219 silk materials：
11）, 2219 wire rods of a diameter of Φ 12mm are forged into the silk material of a diameter of Φ 4.8mm；
12）2219 silk materials to Φ 4.8mm carry out stress relief annealing, and annealing schedule is 400 DEG C of 1 hours of insulation, the type of cooling
It is air cooling；
2219 silk materials of a diameter of Φ 4.8mm are further forged into the silk material of a diameter of Φ 2.4mm；
2219 silk materials to Φ 2.4mm carry out stress relief annealing, and annealing schedule is 400 DEG C of 1 hours of insulation, and the type of cooling is sky
It is cold；
13）Even drawing is carried out using wire drawing machine, the wire-drawing die 6 of deflection such as passes sequentially through, finally by an internal diameter Φ
The glomerocryst sizing die high of 1.27mm, is made the 2219 aluminium alloy silk materials of Φ 1.27mm；
14）The silk material of Φ 1.27mm passes sequentially through sizing die Φ 1.25mm- shaving molds Φ 1.23mm- shaving molds Φ
1.21mm- press polish mould Φ 1.18mm, are made 2219 silk materials of Φ 1.18mm；
15）Ultrasonic wave is cleaned, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after surface treatment is carried out into monofilament ultrasonic wave cleaning；Ultrasonic wave cleaning
Temperature is 40-90 DEG C, and the time is 5-20 seconds；
16）By 2219 silk materials of above-mentioned Φ 1.18mm, rinse bath, light brightening solution tank, passivating dip groove and drying are passed sequentially through
Cylinder, and it is divided into 7kg/ disks, it is standby after vacuum packaging；
2）The wall type structure of length L=500mm, height H=500mm, thickness δ=25mm is decomposed by computer, it is determined that such as
Lower walking path：Referring to Fig. 2,
Proceed as follows successively：1. -2. -3.-improve 2mm- 4. -5. -6.-improve 2mm -1. -2. -3.-improve 2mm -4. -
5. -6.-improve 2mm ...；
Technological parameter is defined as：Individual layer increases height 2mm, 0.6 ~ 0.7m/min of shaping speed, 6 ~ 9m/s of wire feed rate, electric current 80
~120A；
3）Under the protection of 99.9999% argon gas, gas flow is 20 ~ 25Nm3/ h, robot is according to above-mentioned forming path, welding electricity
Successively piled up according to above-mentioned technological parameter in source；
4）Whenever 10 layers of accumulation（That is about 20mm）When, machining is carried out to sidewall surfaces, make its thickness ensure δ=25 ±
0.1mm, is finally made length L=500 ± 0.5mm, the 2219 accumulation walls of height H=500 ± 0.5mm, thickness δ=25 ± 0.1mm
Body；
5）Wall is heat-treated, heat treating regime refers to Behaviors of Deformed Aluminum Alloys 2219 ... T6 systems, by the wall after heat treatment
It is compared with rolled plate performance, such as table 1.
Metallographic structure such as Fig. 1 that electric arc fuse increasing material manufacturing is made structural member shows, it can be seen that even tissue, crystal grain is tiny, α-
Al solid solution+θ-Al2Cu eutectic precipitates are uniformly distributed.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not of the invention for limiting
Protection domain, based on the above method done equivalents belong to protection scope of the present invention, guarantor of the invention
Shield scope is defined by claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method, it is characterised in that the forming method is comprised the following steps：1）Deformation
It is prepared by aluminium alloy silk material；2）Structural member is layered；3）Structural member is molded.
2. wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1）Middle deformation
Aluminium alloy silk material prepares specific as follows：11）Forging, carries out the wrought aluminium alloy wire rod of a diameter of 8 ~ 12mm of Φ 3 roads and quickly forges
Make, the line footpath of each passage is 6.0 ~ 8.0mm of Φ, 2.0 ~ 2.4mm of Φ 4.8 ~ 6.0mm and Φ, the reducing rate of each passage for 40 ~
75%；
12）Annealing, more than forge passage between and forging terminate to be made annealing treatment respectively, to discharge machining stress, anneal
Temperature is fully softened with that can enable aluminum alloy to wire rod, and recrystal grain does not occur grows up to be advisable；The temperature wherein annealed is 350
DEG C-400 DEG C, annealing time is 1.5-2.5 hours；
13）Lian La, even drawing is carried out with wire drawing machine by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 2.0mm ~ 2.4mm of forging molding,
Deflection between each wire-drawing die is consistent, and silk material finally is carried out into sizing processing through 1 glomerocryst plug die high, obtains a diameter of
The aluminium alloy silk material of φ 1.26-1.30mm；
14）Scraping, a positioning mould, two shaving molds, a press polish are sequentially passed through by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after sizing
Mould, is surface-treated, and obtains the wrought aluminium alloy silk material of a diameter of φ 1.18mm；
15）Ultrasonic wave is cleaned, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after surface treatment is carried out into monofilament ultrasonic wave cleaning；Ultrasonic wave cleaning
Temperature is 40-90 DEG C, and the time is 5-20 seconds；
16）Surface-brighteningization is passivated, and the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after cleaning is passed sequentially through into light brightening solution and passivating dip, is entered
Row surface-brightening, Passivation Treatment, and by drying and processing, in one layer of uniform compact oxidation layer of silk material form of expression, prevent
Uneven oxidation, to improve the finish on wrought aluminium alloy silk material surface, it is ensured that wire feed stabilization when using；Temperature after being wherein passivated
It is 40-60 DEG C to spend, and the time is 10-20 seconds；Drying temperature is 80-100 DEG C, and the time is 2-3 seconds；
17）Divide disk and packaging, a point disk will be carried out according to 6 ~ 7kg/ disks by the wrought aluminium alloy silk material after light brightening and passivation, and
It is vacuum-packed, it is standby.
3. wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 2）Middle structure
Part layering is specific as follows：
21）Using computer software（Solidworks, Pro-E, CAD, UG etc.）Three-dimensional digital-to-analogue is decomposed into point, line, surface；
22）According to the digital-to-analogue after decomposition and structural member pattern, temperature field and stress field simulation are carried out, the depth of parallelism is less than or equal to 5mm
Within deformation come determine forming path and optimization molding technique parameter；
23）The technological parameter of forming path and optimization is changed into machine language, and is transmitted to robot and the source of welding current.
4. the wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the step 3）Knot
Molding component is specific as follows, in pure argon（99.9999%）Or argon gas（70~90%）, helium（30~10%）Gaseous mixture or argon gas-
Hydrogen（0.1~0.3%）Under the protection of the atmosphere such as gaseous mixture, the source of welding current is using the technological parameter of optimization by step 1）Obtained change
Step 2 is pressed by shape aluminium alloy silk material continuous melting, robot）The forming path of determination drives welding gun, coordinates continuous wire feeder, by
Layer is piled up and forms wrought aluminium alloy component.
5. wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step 3）In
It is every pile up one or more layers when, cut in the upper surface and two sides piled up, the treatment such as nanosizing and polishing.
6. wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the step 3）In,
When often piling up one or more layers, treatment is rolled and is forged etc. in the upper surface and two sides piled up.
7. the wrought aluminium alloy structural member forming method according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that the step 3）In,
It is every pile up one or more layers when, partly or wholly heated and cooling treatment.
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| CN106002277A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 华中科技大学 | Electric arc additive and milling composite machining method and product thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003127030A (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-08 | Enkei Kk | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN102962547A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-03-13 | 首都航天机械公司 | Manufacturing method of arc additive of titanium alloy structural part |
| CN103286481A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-09-11 | 抚顺东工冶金材料技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method of novel solid welding wires |
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