CN106732652A - A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 just Arnotto Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K amaranth Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C12=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 WLDHEUZGFKACJH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJVOKWHGUAUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-phenyldiazenylnaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=C2C(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 LQJVOKWHGUAUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005909 ethyl alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009303 advanced oxidation process reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005393 sonoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8973—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony or bismuth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
- C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst and its preparation method and application.The present invention synthesizes two kinds of nano semiconductor catalyst n iGa using hydro-thermal method2O4And Bi2O3, then, be combined for two kinds of semiconductor catalysts afterwards by a kind of surface gold-plating wherein, middle to form conductive channel by pressing from both sides noble metal gold, synthesizes a kind of new and effective nanoscale complex sound catalyst.NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst Au/NiGa prepared by the present invention2O4‑Au‑Bi2O3Sound catalysis activity is improve, and possesses the degradation capability of organic pollution very high.New and effective sound catalyst of the invention can be widely applied to the field of Environment Protection such as water body purification, waste water treatment, have a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
Can effectively suppress electronics and hole-recombination and efficient degradation and have the invention belongs to sound catalytic field, more particularly to one kind
Sound catalyst (the Au/NiGa of organic pollutants2O4-Au-Bi2O3)。
Background technology
Environment in recent years pollution is increasingly severe, and ten great strategies for being listed in reform and development in China environmental protection are appointed
One of business.Wherein fwaater resources protection is the key subjects of environmental protection.Dyestuff is in many industry such as weaving, printing and dyeing, papermaking, process hides
It is widely used Deng field, safe drinking water problem has caused extensive concern caused by produced waste water from dyestuff.Common dyestuff gives up
Water clarity is low and has larger toxicity, makes it be difficult to process, and the purification zone to water environment carrys out immense pressure.Such as rhodamine B
(RhB) it is a kind of stable cationic basic-dyeable fibre for commonly using in dyeing, with stronger carcinogenicity.It is abundant in face of being difficult to
The dyestuff of degraded, is always the problem for perplexing scientist how by their thoroughly harmless treatments.It is traditional to rhodamine B
Etc. (RhB) treatment of dyestuff is using methods such as chemical flocculation, absorption method, ion exchange, neutralisation, light degradation and activated sludge.
But because dye strength is higher in general waste water from dyestuff, the removal efficiency of these methods is not high, and treatment is not thorough, holds
It is easily caused secondary pollution etc..Therefore, it is reasonably necessary to find a new processing method.Sound catalysis because its is simple to operate,
Thoroughly the advantages of, is widely used in the fields such as the improvement of pollutant.
Sound catalysis, as a kind of advanced oxidation processes, is cavitation effect using ultrasound in the solution, and sonoluminescence occurs
" focus ".On the one hand, ultrasound cavitation effect produces the moment of " focus ", and temperature can reach 5000K and 1000 normal atmospheres
The high pressure of pressure, this can just make the water decomposition in solution have the hydroxyl free radical of very Strong oxdiative ability.On the other hand, sound is caused
It is luminous to produce wide range of light (λ<375nm), these light can excite the generation of sound catalytic degradation reaction.But in reality
The degradation efficiency of sound catalysis is very low in the application of border.In past TiO2Because its is cheap, nontoxic, chemical stability is used in sound well
In catalytic degradation, but regrettably TiO2Compared with other semiconductor catalysts, sound catalysis degradation modulus are also very low.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the Complex Problem of electronics and hole, present invention design synthesis one kind can be used to efficiently separate light induced electron
With the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst Au/NiGa in hole2O4-Au-Bi2O3.Compound involved in the present invention belongs to new rare partly leads
Body catalyst, is applied to the dyestuffs such as rhodamine B degradation (RhB), and simple to operate, pollution-free, catalyst stability is good, be easy to
Separate, there is no accessory substance to generate, and do not result in environmental pollution.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst, described complex sound catalyst is Au/
NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3.Preferably, in mass ratio, NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:1-3.
The preparation method of above-mentioned NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst, method is as follows:
1) Au/NiGa is prepared2O4/Au:By NiGa2O4In addition absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonic disperse 10.0-30.0min, in 40-
At 60 DEG C, stir, ebuillition of heated 30-40min instills HAuCl4, react 5-10min, reactant distilled water and anhydrous
Ethanol is cleaned, centrifugation, after drying, 1.0-2.0h is calcined in 350-400 DEG C, obtains Au/NiGa2O4/Au。
2) Au/NiGa is prepared2O4-Au-Bi2O3:By Au/NiGa2O4/ Au and Bi2O3After well mixed, absolute ethyl alcohol is added,
Ultrasonic disperse 10.0-30.0min, the mixture that will be obtained is washed with deionized, after drying, then at 500 DEG C of calcining 2.0-
3.0h, obtains Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3。
Preferably, described NiGa2O4Preparation method:By Ga2O3With Ni (NO3)2Mixing, adjusts pH to 11-13, will obtain
Suspension be transferred in reactor, in 160-190 DEG C, react 48-49h, be cooled to room temperature, deionized water cleaning is dried, then
In at 500-550 DEG C, 2.0-3.0h is calcined, obtain NiGa2O4。
Preferably, described Ga2O3Preparation method:Ga is dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, under magnetic force heating stirring, is slowly added to
Distilled water, stirring makes Ga all dissolve, and be evaporated for filtrate by filtering, obtains Ga (NO3)3, by Ga (NO3)3In calcining 3.0- at 550 DEG C
7.0h, obtains Ga2O3。
Preferably, described Bi2O3Preparation method:By Bi (NO3)3It is dissolved in the aqueous solution of containing water-soluble starch, slow drop
Plus NH3·H2O solution, the pH=11.0-12.0 of the lower regulation solution of stirring, obtains Bi (OH)3, by Bi (OH)3It is placed in autoclave
In, sealing, in 160-180 DEG C, heats 10.0-12.0h, is cooled to room temperature, sediment deionized water and absolute ethanol washing,
Dry, then at 600 DEG C of calcining 1.0-2.0h, obtain Bi2O3。
A kind of application of the above-mentioned NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst in sound catalytic degradation organic dyestuff under ultrasonic irradiation.It is preferred that
, described organic dyestuff is rhodamine B, methylene blue, Congo red, methyl orange, crystal violet, Acid Red B or amaranth.Method
It is as follows:In the solution containing organic dyestuff, above-mentioned NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst is added, use ultrasonic irradiation 30-150min.
Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa of the invention2O4-Au-Bi2O3, it is by NiGa2O4The hole of generation and Bi2O3Produce
Electronics by conductive channel combine, so as to improve the separative efficiency in light induced electron and hole.As seen from Figure 8, due to NiGa2O4
The a width of 3.5eV of band, wherein valence band be 1.23eV, conduction band be -2.31eV.Bi2O3With a width of 2.8eV, valence band is 3.13eV, is led
Band is 0.33eV.According to NiGa2O4And Bi2O3The special bandgap structure being had, we form conductive logical in centre by pressing from both sides gold
Behind road, in the case where the light of high-energy is excited, electronics is by semiconductor N iGa2O4And Bi2O3Valence band (VB) be transferred to conduction band (CB).Together
When, in NiGa2O4And Bi2O3The surface of particle or internal generation hole.NiGa2O4Hole and Bi2O3Electronics by conductive logical
Road is combined, NiGa2O4The electronics being excited is absorbed by the Au on its surface.By a series of chemical reaction, these high activities electricity
Son and hole can generate various active oxygens (ROS) and go to realize the degraded of organic pollution.On the one hand, NiGa2O4In valence band (VB)
The hole of generation the surface of its crystalline particle can direct decomposing organic pollutant, until completely being decomposed.On the other hand,
Water (the H that the Hole oxidation of generation absorbs2O) molecule is in NiGa2O4Crystalline particle surface produces hydroxyl radical free radical (OH), in water
The structure of indirect degradable organic pollutant or destruction organic pollution in solution.Meanwhile, by Au absorb electronics be dissolved in water
Oxygen molecule (O in solution2) reaction generation superoxide radical anion (O2 -), become by a series of chemical reaction
Hydroxyl radical free radical (OH).There is these hydroxyl radical free radicals (OH) stronger oxidability can degrade the organic contamination of surrounding
Thing, generates carbon dioxide, water and a series of inorganic ions.The present invention utilizes conductive channel, effectively avoid light induced electron and
Hole it is compound, so as to improve the degradation efficiency of catalyst.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Au/NiGa prepared by the present invention2O4-Au-Bi2O3Nano combined sound catalyst, property
Matter stabilization, high temperature resistant, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, with simple NiGa2O4-Bi2O3Compound phase ratio, this complex sound catalyst shines in ultrasound
Penetrate down, the efficiency of sound catalytic degradation organic dyestuff has and increases substantially.Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa in the present invention2O4-Au-
Bi2O3Not only there is traditional sound catalytic degradation, and it is most it is worth noting that be directed to NiGa2O4And Bi2O3Bandwidth is special
Point and conduction band and valence band location uniqueness, devise a kind of by the way that noble metal is golden as conductive channel and cocatalyst double action
New sound catalyst.The problem of light induced electron and hole-recombination is this method solve, sound catalytic degradation is greatly improved
The efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a are Bi2O3X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) figure.
Fig. 1 b are NiGa2O4X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) figure.
Fig. 1 c are NiGa2O4-Bi2O3X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) figure.
Fig. 1 d are 0.3%Au/NiGa2O4/Au(NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:0) X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) figure.
Fig. 1 e are 0.3%Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3(NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:1) X-ray powder diffraction figure.
Fig. 1 f are 0.3%Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3(NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:2) X-ray powder diffraction figure.
Fig. 1 g are 0.3%Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3(NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:3) X-ray powder diffraction figure.
Fig. 2 a are Bi2O3The ultraviolet figure of solid.
Fig. 2 b are Bi2O3Solid survey ultraviolet figure.
Fig. 2 c are NiGa2O4The ultraviolet figure of solid.
Fig. 2 d are NiGa2O4Solid survey ultraviolet figure.
Fig. 3 is NiGa in complex sound catalyst2O4And Bi2O3Different quality compares the influence figure of rhodamine B degradation rate.
Fig. 4 is the degradation rate variation diagram that complex sound catalyst reuses five times.
Fig. 5 be different catalysts under ultrasonic radiation in the degradation effect figure of different time points.
Fig. 6 is sound catalytic degradation effect figure of the complex sound catalyst to different dyes.
Fig. 7 is uv absorption spectra of the complex sound catalyst under different time.
Fig. 8 is complex sound catalyst ultrasonic radiation mechanism of degradation figure.
Specific embodiment
The NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst Au/NiGa of embodiment 12O4-Au-Bi2O3
(1) Ga is prepared2O3
3.50g Ga are dissolved in 80mL concentrated nitric acids, under magnetic force heating stirring, 50mL distilled water is slowly added to, stirring makes
Metal Ga all dissolves, filtering, when filtrate is evaporated into about 20mL, solution is transferred in evaporating dish, is evaporated and obtains Ga
(NO3)3, the Ga (NO that will be evaporated3)3It is put into Muffle furnace, 550 DEG C of calcining 5.0h, cooling obtains 9.40g Ga2O3。
(2) NiGa is prepared2O4Powder
Take 9.40g Ga2O3It is added to the Ni (NO of 100ml 0.5mol/L3)2·6H2In O solution, the mixture that will be produced
PH to 12.0 is adjusted with the NaOH of 1.0mol/L, the suspension for obtaining is transferred in reactor, 180 DEG C of reaction 48.0h.Will reaction
Kettle sample is cooled to room temperature, and the light blue precipitation for obtaining is cleaned several times with deionized water.By gained sediment in 60 DEG C of drying
2.0h, grinding in Muffle furnace, after 500 DEG C of calcining 2.0h, then is ground, and obtains NiGa2O4Powder.
(3) Bi is prepared2O3Powder
Take 9.70g Bi (NO3)3·5H2O is dissolved in the aqueous solution that 60-80mL contains 1.0g water soluble starch, is slowly added dropwise
The NH of 10% concentration3·H2O solution, it is uniform with magnetic stirrer under the conditions of 40-60 DEG C, adjust the pH=of solution
11.0-12.0, stops that ammoniacal liquor is added dropwise, and obtains the Bi (OH) of yellow green3Presoma.By Bi (OH)3Presoma is placed in autoclave
In, sealing, 180 DEG C of reaction 12.0h.Room temperature is cooled to, by the flaxen sediment deionized water for obtaining and anhydrous second
Alcohol is washed 2-3 times respectively.2.0h is dried at 80 DEG C, is ground, be placed in Muffle furnace, after 600 DEG C of calcining 2.0h, taking-up is ground again
Mill, obtains faint yellow Bi2O3Powder.
(4) Au-NiGa is prepared2O4- Au powder
By 2.63g NiGa2O4Powder is put into beaker, adds 20mL absolute ethyl alcohols, ultrasonic disperse 30min, at 40-60 DEG C
Under, ebuillition of heated 0.5h uniform with magnetic stirrer instills 3.14mL HAuCl4, 5-10min is reacted, reactant steams
For several times, centrifugation is put into Muffle furnace after drying for distilled water and washes of absolute alcohol, and 350 DEG C of calcining 2.0h obtain Au/NiGa2O4/Au
Powder.
(5) Au/NiGa is prepared2O4-Au-Bi2O3Powder
In mass ratio, NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:0、3:1、3:2、3:3, Au-NiGa is taken respectively2O4- Au and Bi2O3, in earthenware
Mix in crucible, and add 20mL absolute ethyl alcohols, ultrasonic disperse 30min, the mixture that will be obtained is washed with deionized 2-3 times.
2.0h is dried at 80 DEG C, the mixture for obtaining, grinding in 500 DEG C of Muffle furnace, is calcined 2.0h, cooling, then grinds, point
Different NiGa are not obtained2O4And Bi2O3The complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa of mass ratio2O4-Au-Bi2O3。
(6) detect
(1)Bi2O3, NiGa2O4, NiGa2O4-Bi2O3, Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Middle NiGa2O4And Bi2O3Different quality
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) picture analyzing of ratio.
As shown in Fig. 1 a- Fig. 1 g, by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) picture, it can be found that Bi2O3The feature of (Fig. 1 a) is spread out
Penetrate peak and appear in 27.3 °, 33.2 °, 35.4 °, 46.3 °, 54.8 °.NiGa is can be found that from Fig. 1 b2O4Characteristic diffraction peak occur
At 18.6 °, 30.6 °, 36.0 °, 37.7 °, 43.8 °, 54.4 °, 58.0 °, 63.7 °.By by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) figure
Piece (Fig. 1 a) is contrasted with (Fig. 1 d) with (Fig. 1 b) and found, in (Fig. 1 e), not only occurs in that Bi2O3, NiGa2O4Feature diffraction
Peak, the characteristic diffraction peak of metal Au is have also appeared in 2 θ=38.2 °, illustrates Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Complex sound catalyst quilt
Successfully synthesis.
Compare as can be seen that with NiGa by by (Fig. 1 d- Fig. 1 g)2O4With Bi2O3The increase of mass ratio, Bi2O3Spread out
Penetrating peak substantially increases and NiGa2O4Diffraction maximum relative weaken.Illustrate different quality than Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Complex sound
Catalyst is successfully synthesized.
(2)Bi2O3, NiGa2O4, ultraviolet (DRS) picture analyzing of solid
By ultraviolet (DRS) picture (Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 c) of solid, it can be seen that Bi2O3, NiGa2O4Strong absorption band difference
Appear in 410nm and 430nm or so.According to formula α h ν=A (h ν-Ebg)1/2Bandwidth is calculated, it is actually measured with Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 d
Bi2O3, NiGa2O4Bandwidth 2.80eV, 3.54eV be closely.
(3)Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound catalyst degradation rhodamine B (RhB), with the ultrasonic irradiation time
Change ultraviolet-visible spectrogram.
As shown in fig. 7, Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound catalyst degradation rhodamine B (RhB), with ultrasonic irradiation
The ultraviolet-visible spectrogram of the change of time.It can be seen that the UV, visible light characteristic peak of rhodamine B (RhB) is appeared in from figure
At 260nm, 350nm, 550nm.It is 0.3%Au/NiGa in catalyst2O4-Au-Bi2O3When, the ultraviolet of rhodamine B (RhB) can
See that characteristic peak is gradually reduced as the ultrasonic irradiation time is continuously increased to during 150min from 0min.In ultrasonotomography 150min
When, the degradation rate of rhodamine B (RhB) can reach 90%.
The NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst Au/NiGa of embodiment 22O4-Au-Bi2O3Application in catalytic degradation organic dyestuff
(1) Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Middle NiGa2O4And Bi2O3Different quality comparison sound catalytic degradation rhodamine B
(RhB) influence
Respectively with mass ratio NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:0、3:1、3:2、3:3 prepare different qualities than complex sound be catalyzed
Agent Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound catalyst.
Method:In rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution of 100mL 10.0mg/L, 100mg different qualities are added than obtaining
Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3, at 25 DEG C and pressure 101325Pa of temperature, with the ultrasound of 300W, 40KHz
It is irradiated, ultrasonic irradiation time 150min.Degradation rate is determined, as a result as shown in Figure 3.
As seen from Figure 3, the sound catalyst Au/NiGa of different proportion2O4-Au-Bi2O3Degradation effect is m (NiGa2O4):m
(Bi2O3)=3:2>m(NiGa2O4):m(Bi2O3)=3:1>m(NiGa2O4):m(Bi2O3)=3:3>m(NiGa2O4):m(Bi2O3)
=3:0.
(2) influence of the different radiated times to sound catalyst degradation rhodamine B (RhB)
With mass ratio as NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa obtained in 22O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound
Catalyst.
Method:In rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution of 100mL 10.0mg/L, 100mg complex sound catalyst Au/ is added
NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3, at 25 DEG C and pressure 101325Pa of temperature, it is irradiated with the ultrasound of 300W, 40KHz, ultrasound is shone
Penetrate respectively 0min, 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min.Degradation rate is determined, as a result as shown in Figure 5.
As seen from Figure 5, NiGa2O4And Bi2O3Centre by press from both sides gold formation conductive channel after, the NiGa under ultrasonic irradiation2O4
Hole and Bi2O3Electronics by conductive channel combine, so as to substantially increase the separative efficiency of electronics and hole.With use
Simple NiGa2O4And Bi2O3Simple composite is compared, and the degradation effect to rhodamine B (RhB) improves 30% or so.It can be seen that,
Au/NiGa prepared by the present invention2O4-Au-Bi2O3Nanometer powder sound catalyst improves sound catalysis activity, it was demonstrated that it has higher
The ability of degradable organic pollutant.
(3) experiment number of repetition is to Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3The influence of sound catalytic degradation rhodamine B (RhB)
With mass ratio as NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa obtained in 22O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound
Catalyst.
Method:Take 1.60g Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Powder, is separately added into eight conical flasks, each conical flask the inside
It is respectively put into 200mg Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3With rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution of 200mL10.0mg/L.In temperature 25
DEG C and pressure 101325Pa under, with 300W, 40KHz ultrasonic irradiation 150min, record degradation effect.Solution is reclaimed, is filtered, received
Collection catalyst, it is standby.The catalyst drying that first time is extracted is calcined and takes out 1.20g Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Powder,
Six conical flasks are separately added into, each conical flask the inside is respectively put into 200mg Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3With
Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution of 200mL10.0mg/L.At 25 DEG C and pressure 101325Pa of temperature, with 300W, 40KHz ultrasound
Irradiation 150min, records degradation effect.Solution is reclaimed, is filtered, collection catalyst is standby.It is repeated 4 times by above-mentioned steps.Knot
Fruit such as Fig. 4.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that as increase rhodamine B (RhB) degradation rate of number of repetition slightly has reduction, overall steady, explanation
The catalyst stabilization is reusable.
(4) Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Degrade different organic dyestuff
With mass ratio as NiGa2O4:Bi2O3=3:Complex sound catalyst Au/NiGa obtained in 22O4-Au-Bi2O3As sound
Catalyst.
M (the NiGa of preparation2O4):m(Bi2O3)=3:2 sound catalyst Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3Powder is to different dyes
Material carries out degraded 150min, and result is best to the degradation effect of crystal violet, and the degradation effect to amaranth is worst, such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show.Illustrate prepared sound catalyst Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3It is with a wide range of applications.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst, it is characterised in that:Described complex sound catalyst is Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3。
2. a kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In mass ratio, NiGa2O4:Bi2O3
=3:1-3.
3. the preparation method of the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst described in claim 1, it is characterised in that method is as follows:
1) Au/NiGa is prepared2O4/Au:By NiGa2O4In addition absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonic disperse 10.0-30.0min, at 40-60 DEG C
Under, stirring, ebuillition of heated 30-40min instills HAuCl4, react 5-10min, reactant distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol
Cleaning, centrifugation after drying, then at 350-400 DEG C of roasting 1.0-2.0h, obtains Au/NiGa2O4/Au;
2) Au/NiGa is prepared2O4-Au-Bi2O3:By Au/NiGa2O4/ Au and Bi2O3After well mixed, absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasound are added
Dispersion 10.0-30.0min, the mixture that will be obtained is washed with deionized, and after drying, then at 500 DEG C of calcining 2.0-3.0h, obtains
Au/NiGa2O4-Au-Bi2O3。
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Described NiGa2O4Preparation method:By Ga2O3With Ni
(NO3)2Mixing, adjusts pH to 11-13, and the suspension that will be obtained is transferred in reactor, in 160-190 DEG C, reacts 48-49h,
Room temperature is cooled to, deionized water cleaning is dried, and at 500-550 DEG C, calcines 2.0-3.0h, obtains NiGa2O4。
5. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Ga2O3Preparation method:Ga is dissolved in dense nitre
In acid, under magnetic force heating stirring, distilled water is slowly added to, stirring makes Ga all dissolve, and be evaporated for filtrate by filtering, obtains Ga
(NO3)3, by Ga (NO3)3In 3.0-7.0h is calcined at 550 DEG C, Ga is obtained2O3。
6. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Described Bi2O3Preparation method:By Bi (NO3)3It is dissolved in
In the aqueous solution of containing water-soluble starch, NH is slowly added dropwise3·H2O solution, the pH=11.0-12.0 of the lower regulation solution of stirring, obtains Bi
(OH)3, by Bi (OH)3It is placed in autoclave, seals, in 160-180 DEG C, heat 10.0-12.0h, be cooled to room temperature, sinks
Starch deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, dry, and then at 600 DEG C of calcining 1.0-2.0h, obtain Bi2O3。
7. application of a kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst described in claim 1 or 2 in catalytic degradation organic dyestuff.
8. application according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described organic dyestuff be rhodamine B, methylene blue, just
Arnotto, methyl orange, crystal violet, Acid Red B or amaranth.
9. application according to claim 7, it is characterised in that method is as follows:In containing the solution for having organic dyestuff, plus
Enter the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE sound catalyst described in claim 1 or 2, use ultrasonic irradiation 30-150min.
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