CN106725335A - 一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机 - Google Patents
一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,包括光纤激光器:产生红外波段超短脉冲激光;多光谱成像仪:用于医学烧伤深度及面积诊断;光束扫描器:用于将光纤激光器产生的超短脉冲激光通过光纤准直器与透镜聚焦扫描输出;移动床:用于搭载伤者,使其能够跟随光束移动和转动。本发明具有精度高、体积小,重量轻、光纤可弯曲和偏折、可靠性强、可以固定或手持便携、使用灵活方便、自动扫描、清创效率高等优点,具有广泛应用的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于激光清创技术,具体是指用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机系统。
背景技术
据美军统计,现代战争中70%以上的伤员合并有不同程度的烧伤,国内也有类似的报道(王正国,《外科学与野战外科学》,人民军医出版社,2007年)。在所有疾病中,创伤类疾病是发病率最高的,而且,创伤是导致青壮年死亡的第一位病因,而清创是治疗烧伤等创伤类疾病的第一步。无论是地震等自然灾害,还是交通事故、火灾等,其造成的伤员绝大多数需要接受清创治疗。清创术是一项外科基本手术操作,在外科领域中有相当重要的位置,当前对清创比较一致的认识是:清创为一种伤口处理技术,去除的是影响愈合的失活组织、腐肉和坏死组织、异物及愈合不良组织,原则是减少对组织的损伤,促进组织修复和愈合。清创的效果直接影响随后治疗的效果。
烧伤清创技术主要有手术清创、自溶清创、酶解清创、生物清创、超声清创、水刀清创等。手术清创的优点是可快速清除大范围的坏死组织,但其难以保证变性坏死组织清除程度,常在麻醉条件下进行,术中失血多,创伤大,术后组织大范围缺损,年老体弱、存在心脏病、呼吸系统疾病等合并症者耐受力较差。难点就在于对坏死组织层次及范围的判断,对无血供创面以及营养条件差、贫血等患者而言,积极的手术是禁忌。自溶清创的优点在于对组织几乎无创伤,无明显副作用,特别适用于高龄、基础疾病复杂患者,但其缺点是清创周期长,一般需要1~2周,感染是该法的禁忌症。酶解清创用于全身情况稳定的烧伤患者、压疮等,不损伤邻近正常组织,一般无明显毒副反应,但会对周围组织产生刺激作用而出现红斑,酶制剂价格高昂,一般用于难愈性创面的清创。也有文献报道酶清创过程将免疫细胞功能抑制,从而导致细菌或病毒感染。生物清创主要适用于坏死组织已软化或难以清除的慢性创面,优点是快速、有选择性,但由于文化背景的差异,部分患者的依存性较差。超声清创可以对坑、洞型创面进行良好的清创,其优点是操作简便,成本低廉,可深层清创,改善局部微循环。但超声波清创时,创面需浸泡于液体环境,对头颈、会阴等部位不适用;水刀清创,最大优点是对感染创面较好,但不是精确清创,不符合精确清创的定义。
目前,烧伤临床主要依靠医生肉眼观察及经验进行创面清创,难以保证烧伤后变性坏死组织清除程度,或多或少均较大程度影响创面治疗效果。虽然目前市面上也存在极少数的激光清创设备,但是均因不能有效控制激光清创时对正常组织的热损伤而不能为医院等客户接受,故而,目前高精度的强激光清创仪的市场占有率几乎为零,所以烧伤外科迫切需要一种高精度高效率的清创设备。
近年来,光学技术和激光技术的发展以及在生物医学中的成功应用为实现精确、快速的激光清创提供了理论指导和实践的可能性。用于医学烧伤深度及面积诊断的高分辨多光谱成像仪研制成功对创面精确诊断,也为精确激光清创奠定了坚实基础。
激光清创技术较普通清创技术的优势已经受到了医疗产品研发领域的重视,其主要优点是手术创面出血少激光刀切痂13%,出血仅30ml;而常规外科手术切痂6%,出血量可达100ml;对于无法上止血带部位的切痂,激光更具有突出优越性;节省手术时间,减少皮下异物由于激光手术可边切痂边止血,从而减少出血创面处理及血管结扎后线头残留,有利伤口愈合及植皮;手术精度高可控制在皮下300μm深度,表面100μm焦斑大小。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,利用高分辨多光谱成像仪对皮肤烧伤及清创程度即时诊断结果,控制皮肤不同烧伤程度部位的超短脉冲激光清创参数,实现对烧伤后皮肤等变性坏死组织的精确、快速清除,克服传统清创技术不彻底、速度慢、精度低等问题,实现对烧伤皮肤等变性坏死组织的精确检测与快速清除。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,包括光纤激光器、多光谱成像仪、光束扫描器和移动床;其中,
所述光纤激光器作为红外光纤激光光源,用于产生红外波段超短脉冲激光,光纤激光器的输出光纤连接光束扫描器;
所述光束扫描器通过转动关节安装在一体机机架上,并位于移动床上方,用于将光纤激光器产生的超短脉冲激光通过透镜聚焦并扫描输出;
所述多光谱成像仪固定在转动关节上,与光束扫描器相对一体机机架同步运动,多光谱成像仪的输出信号连接光纤激光器,用于医学烧伤深度及面积诊断,并将获取的光谱烧伤数据传递给光纤激光器,根据烧伤深度、面积和其等级确定光纤激光器的工作模式及参数;
所述移动床包括床架和X、Y、Z三轴移动平台,用于搭载伤者,使其能够跟随光束移动和转动。
进一步,所述光纤激光器选用光纤飞秒激光器作为激光光源,其输出波长为800nm,单脉冲能量为10mJ,平均功率10W,脉冲宽度<600fs,光束发散度<1mrAd,重复频率1kHz,能量稳定性<1.5%(rms,1min),光束直径<12mm,光斑模式TEM00,光束质量因子M2<1.2。
进一步,所述多光谱成像仪采用基于液晶调制器的高分辨多光谱成像仪,成像光谱波段:400nm~1700nm,扫描光谱宽度:4nm~20nm,视场角:≥15°,空间分辨率≤7μm。
进一步,所述光束扫描器包括:机械臂,其与一体机机架通过所述转动关节连接;光纤准直器,其固定在机械臂内;透镜,其固定在转动关节内,由透镜夹持器夹持或松开,跟随光纤准直器转动,其转动是由转动关节来带动,使得光束始终垂直入射透镜中心;激光位移传感器,固定于光纤准直器的侧面,并随机光纤准直器移动,其用于实时测量烧伤皮肤表面三维高度。
进一步,所述转动关节包括沿X、Y轴转动的转动关节组,所述转动关节组的转接处设有的旋转电机,所述旋转电机用于控制光束扫描器的转动。
进一步,所述透镜表面镀800nm增透膜,焦距160mm,可沿Z轴移动±50mm。
进一步,所述激光位移传感器,波长632nm,功率50mW。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明所提出的用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,提出了一种与光谱仪联动,精度为百微米级的高效激光清创仪。该装置首先采用高分辨多光谱成像仪,对烧伤深度和面积可以进行精确检测,具有非侵袭性、非接触性、无明显副作用等优点,为精确清创和烧伤深度分级的重新制定提供重要的检测依据和基础。
2、本发明所提出的用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,采用红外波段超短脉冲激光,脉冲能量高、光束质量好、清创副损伤小、速度快、精度高。
3、本发明所提出的用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,采用光纤耦合输出的光纤激光器,功率和电光转换效率高,体积小,重量轻,光纤可以弯曲和偏折,可靠性强,使用灵活方便且寿命长;可以固定或手持便携,将其准直输出激光束偏转并对烧伤表面进行大角度自动扫描,清创效率高,可在多种模式和场合下得到应用,能够在精准医疗与重症监护感染防治领域,为减少致死致残率,尽快恢复健康作出重要贡献。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明的结构原理示意图;
图2为图1中转动关节处的局部放大图;
图3为光束扫描器3的结构原理示意图;
附图中标记及相应的零部件名称:
1-光纤激光器,2-多光谱成像仪;3-光束扫描器,31-光纤准直器,32-透镜,33-激光位移传感器,34-机械臂,35-透镜夹持器;4-移动床,41-床架,42-移动平台;5-一体机机架;6-转动关节组,61-中转部件,62-第一旋转电机,63-第二旋转电机。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示,一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机包括光纤激光器1、多光谱成像仪2、光束扫描器3、移动床4。光纤激光器1的输出光纤连接光束扫描器3,用于产生红外波段超短脉冲激光。光束扫描器3通过转动关节安装在一体机机架5上,并位于移动床4上方,用于将光纤激光器1产生的超短脉冲激光通过透镜32聚焦并扫描输出。多光谱成像仪2,固定在光束扫描器3上,随光束扫描器3同步运动。多光谱成像仪2的输出信号连接光纤激光器1,用于医学烧伤深度及面积诊断,并将获取的光谱烧伤数据传递给光纤激光器1,根据烧伤深度、面积和其等级确定光纤激光器1的工作模式及参数。移动床4包括床架41和X、Y、Z三轴移动平台42,用于搭载伤者,使其能够跟随光束移动和转动。
本实施例中,各部分结构具体参见图1、图2和图3:
其中光纤激光器1:光纤激光器1选用光纤飞秒激光器作为激光光源,其输出波长为800nm,单脉冲能量为5mJ,平均功率10W,脉冲宽度<600fs,光束发散度<1mrAd,重复频率2kHz,能量稳定性<1.5%(rms,1min),光束直径<12mm,光斑模式TEM00,光束质量因子M2<1.2,激光束从光纤准直器31出射后输出。
多光谱成像仪2:为烧伤深度及面积诊断的基于液晶调制器的高分辨多光谱成像仪2,成像光谱波段:400nm~1700nm,扫描光谱宽度:4nm~20nm,视场角:≥15°,空间分辨率≤7μm,用于获取烫伤皮肤模型的光谱数据,精确诊断其烫伤面积及深度,光谱成像仪获取的光谱烧伤数据传递给光纤激光器1,可以根据烧伤深度、面积和其等级确定光纤激光器1的工作模式及参数。
光束扫描器3结构图如图3所示,包括:
光纤准直器31,将其固定在机械臂34内。透镜32,表面镀800nm增透膜,焦距160mm,可沿Z轴移动±50mm,将其也固定在机械臂34内,由透镜夹持器35夹持或松开,跟随光纤准直器31转动,使得光束始终垂直入射透镜32中心,以便定位后开展激光治疗。使其能够对创面边界内区域开展治疗,先完成创面边界治疗,完成后快速移开透镜32,使激光取消聚焦,再完成内部区域治疗。
激光位移传感器33固定在光纤准直器31的侧面,其波长632nm,功率50mW,用于实时测量烧伤皮肤表面三维高度,以便移动透镜32,使得光束焦点处于烧伤皮肤界面。
本实施例中,转动关节结构如图2所示,转动关节包括沿X、Y轴转动的转动关节组6。转动关节组6包括,两个旋转电机和中转部件61。中转部件61的上端与一体机机架5转动连接,在其转动连接处固定有第一旋转电机62,在第一旋转电机62的带动下,中转部件61相对一体机机架5沿X轴转动。中转部件61的下端与机械臂34转动连接,在其转动连接处固定有第二旋转电机63,在第二旋转电机63的带动下,机械臂34相对一体机机架5沿Y轴转动。
通过上述转动关节组6,机械臂34沿Y方向:±75°,沿X方向:±30°,转动精度:5’,扫描速度:0.1mm/s~1mm/s。
在本实施例中,移动床4包括床架41和用于安装床架41的X、Y、Z三轴移动平台42。X、Y、Z三轴移动平台42通过丝杠传动和/或液压传动来控制床架41在X、Y、Z三轴上的移动精度在0.05mm。
为了方便处理位置创面,床架41可以绕X、Y轴转动,绕X、Y轴:±15°。其绕X、Y轴的转动可以是通过床架41支撑高度的改变来实现,也可以是通过电机传动床架41来实现。
本发明利用多光谱成像仪2对皮肤烧伤及清创程度即时诊断,控制皮肤不同烧伤程度部位的激光清创参数,实现对烧伤后皮肤等变性坏死组织的精确、快速清除,具有精度高、速度快、可靠性强、自动扫描、清创效率高等优点,具有广泛应用的潜力。
在上述实施例中,转向关节采用的转动关节组6,当然也可以是单个的转向关节,其转动方向是X或Y轴。转向关节的数量增加能扩大创伤处理范围,方便处理操作。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:包括光纤激光器(1)、多光谱成像仪(2)、光束扫描器(3)和移动床(4);其中,
所述光纤激光器(1)作为红外光纤激光光源,用于产生红外波段超短脉冲激光,光纤激光器(1)的输出光纤连接光束扫描器(3);
所述光束扫描器(3)通过转动关节安装在一体机机架(5)上,并位于移动床(4)上方,用于将光纤激光器(1)产生的超短脉冲激光通过透镜(32)聚焦并扫描输出;
所述多光谱成像仪(2)固定在转动关节上,与光束扫描器(3)相对一体机机架(5)同步运动,多光谱成像仪(2)的输出信号连接光纤激光器(1),用于医学烧伤深度及面积诊断,并将获取的光谱烧伤数据传递给光纤激光器(1),根据烧伤深度、面积和其等级确定光纤激光器(1)的工作模式及参数;
所述移动床(4)包括床架(41)和X、Y、Z三轴移动平台(42),用于搭载伤者,使其能够跟随光束移动和转动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:所述光纤激光器(1)选用光纤飞秒激光器作为激光光源,其输出波长为800nm,单脉冲能量为10mJ,平均功率10W,脉冲宽度<600fs,光束发散度<1mrAd,重复频率1kHz,能量稳定性<1.5%(rms,1min),光束直径<12mm,光斑模式TEM00,光束质量因子M2<1.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:所述多光谱成像仪(2)采用基于液晶调制器的高分辨多光谱成像仪(2),成像光谱波段:400nm~1700nm,扫描光谱宽度:4nm~20nm,视场角:≥15°,空间分辨率≤7μm。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的一种用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:所述光束扫描器(3)包括:
机械臂(34),其与一体机机架(5)通过所述转动关节连接;光纤准直器(31),其固定在机械臂(34)内;透镜(32),其固定在转动关节内,由透镜夹持器(35)夹持或松开,跟随光纤准直器(31)转动,其转动是由转动关节来带动,使得光束始终垂直入射透镜(32)中心;
激光位移传感器(33),固定于光纤准直器(31)的侧面,并随机光纤准直器(31)移动,其用于实时测量烧伤皮肤表面三维高度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的要用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于,所述转动关节包括沿X、Y轴转动的转动关节组(6),所述转动关节组(6)的转接处设有的旋转电机,所述旋转电机用于控制光束扫描器(3)的转动。
6.根据权利要求4所述的要用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:所述透镜(32)表面镀800nm增透膜,焦距160mm,可沿Z轴移动±50mm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于烧伤诊治的高精度光纤激光诊断清创一体机,其特征在于:所述激光位移传感器(33),波长632nm,功率50mW。
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