CN106719911A - 防治害虫杂草的除草剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治害虫杂草的除草剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106719911A CN106719911A CN201611036677.6A CN201611036677A CN106719911A CN 106719911 A CN106719911 A CN 106719911A CN 201611036677 A CN201611036677 A CN 201611036677A CN 106719911 A CN106719911 A CN 106719911A
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- herbicide
- chinese herbal
- pest control
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，由以下药物制成：莠去津75‑115份、除草剂A_55‑95份、氯化铵60‑100份、麦芽糊精30‑70份、除草剂B_55‑95份、白炭黑15‑60份、仲烷基磺酸钠20‑65份、刺梧桐胶10‑30份、中草药杀虫液80‑120份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚15‑50份、十二烷基硫酸钾5‑40份、醋酸钙2‑32份、复合酶9‑35份、尿素12‑42份及去离子水36‑70份，还公开了其制备方法。本发明通过除草剂与中草药杀虫液的复配，降低了化学农药使用量，减少了环境污染，实现了虫害草害综合防治和优质高效生产并行，其效果是杀草谱广、对农作物安全、无副作用、使用成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于除草剂技术领域，具体涉及防治害虫杂草的除草剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着除草剂的广泛使用，杂草抗(耐)药性日益严重。杂草对除草剂的抗(耐)性通常认为由除草剂作用靶标对除草剂的敏感性降低和杂草对除草剂的解毒代谢能力增强引起，对抗(性)杂草的防治通常只能轮换除草剂或加大除草剂用量。然而，现在越来越多的证据表明，植物内生菌是植物微生态系统的重要组成部分,在长期的协同进化过程中,与植物形成了互惠互利的关系，内生菌能促进植物生长，可以促进其他类型的非生物和生物胁迫。目前没有通过破坏杂草内生菌来提高除草剂对杂草防治的方法。
传统的杂草及病虫害防治，多借助于化学农药，但农药的过量使用在环境污染日益严重的同时，增强了杂草及虫害的抗药性。中草药研究在我国传承多年，一些中草药对田地害虫的杀虫效果显著，成本低廉，逐渐成为新型杀虫剂筛选对象。将杀虫中草药与高效除草剂合理配伍，实现杂草防除与田地害虫防治并行，可以有效减少化学农药使用量，提高花生产量和品质，但是在现有技术中，对该方向的研究鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述存在的不足，本发明提供了防治害虫杂草的除草剂及其制备方法方法。本发明通过除草剂与中草药杀虫液的复配，降低了化学农药使用量，减少了环境污染，实现了虫害草害综合防治和优质高效生产并行，其效果是杀草谱广、对农作物安全、无副作用、使用成本低。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津75-115份、除草剂A_55-95份、氯化铵60-100份、麦芽糊精30-70份、除草剂B_55-95份、白炭黑15-60份、仲烷基磺酸钠20-65份、刺梧桐胶10-30份、中草药杀虫液80-120份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚15-50份、十二烷基硫酸钾5-40份、醋酸钙2-32份、复合酶9-35份、尿素12-42份及去离子水36-70份。
本发明优选的技术方案为，所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津95份、除草剂A_75份、氯化铵80份、麦芽糊精50份、除草剂B_75份、白炭黑37份、仲烷基磺酸钠42份、刺梧桐胶20份、中草药杀虫液100份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚32份、十二烷基硫酸钾23份、醋酸钙17份、复合酶21份、尿素27份及去离子水53份。
进一步地，所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津85-105份、除草剂A_65-85份、氯化铵70-90份、麦芽糊精40-60份、除草剂B_65-85份、白炭黑29-46份、仲烷基磺酸钠33-52份、刺梧桐胶16-24份、中草药杀虫液90-110份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚29-36份、十二烷基硫酸钾18-27份、醋酸钙12-22份、复合酶19-25份、尿素22-32份及去离子水46-60份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种。
进一步地，所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种。
进一步地，所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草46-50份、土荆芥42-46份、槟榔39-43份、无患子外种皮33-37份、蓖麻叶28-32份、银胶菊24-28份、羊角拗17-21份、断肠草45-49份、香盏花20-24份、夹竹桃叶13-17份、使君子36-40份、雪松枝40-44份。
进一步地，所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过200-250目筛，加入飞机草12-16倍质量的水，煎煮9-13h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
进一步地，所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至50-55℃保温反应5-7h，再以1200-1600r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
进一步地，所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，在步骤（1）所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率800-1200w，频率45-60kHz，温度60-70℃，搅拌速度为1000-1500r/min，时间为25-30min。
进一步地，所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，在步骤（2），所述均质工艺的条件为：压力为10-15Mpa，温度为40-45℃；所述喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为160-180℃、排风温度为85-90℃、泵速度为8.6-9.0mL/min、排风压力为100-110Pa、进风量为1050-1060L/h。
综上所述，本发明由于采用了上述方案，具有以下积极效果：本发明通过除草剂与中草药杀虫液的复配，降低了化学农药使用量，减少了环境污染，提高了农作物的安全性，实现了虫害草害综合防治和优质高效生产并行，其效果是杀草谱广，无副作用，使用成本低，具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明防治害虫杂草的除草剂及其制备方法，作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津75份、除草剂A_55份、氯化铵60份、麦芽糊精30份、除草剂B_55份、白炭黑15份、仲烷基磺酸钠20份、刺梧桐胶10份、中草药杀虫液80份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚15份、十二烷基硫酸钾5份、醋酸钙2份、复合酶9份、尿素12份及去离子水36份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种；所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种；
所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草46份、土荆芥42份、槟榔39份、无患子外种皮33份、蓖麻叶28份、银胶菊24份、羊角拗17份、断肠草45份、香盏花20份、夹竹桃叶13份、使君子36份、雪松枝40份；
所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过200目筛，加入飞机草12倍质量的水，煎煮9h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
上述所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率800w、频率45kHz、温度60℃、搅拌速度为1000r/min、时间为25min，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，设置均质压力为10Mpa、均质温度为40℃，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至50℃保温反应5h，再以1200r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，控制喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为160℃、排风温度为85℃、泵速度为8.6mL/min、排风压力为100Pa、进风量为1050L/h，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
实施例2
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津115份、除草剂A_95份、氯化铵100份、麦芽糊精70份、除草剂B_95份、白炭黑60份、仲烷基磺酸钠65份、刺梧桐胶30份、中草药杀虫液120份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚50份、十二烷基硫酸钾40份、醋酸钙32份、复合酶35份、尿素42份及去离子水70份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种；所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种；
所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草50份、土荆芥46份、槟榔43份、无患子外种皮37份、蓖麻叶32份、银胶菊28份、羊角拗21份、断肠草49份、香盏花24份、夹竹桃叶17份、使君子40份、雪松枝44份；
所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过250目筛，加入飞机草16倍质量的水，煎煮13h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
上述所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率1200w、频率60kHz、温度70℃、搅拌速度为1500r/min、时间为30min，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，设置均质压力为15Mpa、均质温度为45℃，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至55℃保温反应7h，再以1600r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，控制喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为180℃、排风温度为90℃、泵速度为9.0mL/min、排风压力为110Pa、进风量为1060L/h，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
实施例3
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津95份、除草剂A_75份、氯化铵80份、麦芽糊精50份、除草剂B_75份、白炭黑37份、仲烷基磺酸钠42份、刺梧桐胶20份、中草药杀虫液100份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚32份、十二烷基硫酸钾23份、醋酸钙17份、复合酶21份、尿素27份及去离子水53份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种；所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种；
所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草48份、土荆芥44份、槟榔41份、无患子外种皮35份、蓖麻叶30份、银胶菊26份、羊角拗19份、断肠草47份、香盏花22份、夹竹桃叶15份、使君子38份、雪松枝42份；
所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过225目筛，加入飞机草14倍质量的水，煎煮11h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
上述所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率1000w、频率53kHz、温度65℃、搅拌速度为1250r/min、时间为28min，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，设置均质压力为13Mpa、均质温度为42℃，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至52℃保温反应6h，再以1400r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，控制喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为170℃、排风温度为88℃、泵速度为8.8mL/min、排风压力为105Pa、进风量为1055L/h，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
实施例4
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津85份、除草剂A_65份、氯化铵70份、麦芽糊精40份、除草剂B_65份、白炭黑29份、仲烷基磺酸钠33份、刺梧桐胶16份、中草药杀虫液90份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚29份、十二烷基硫酸钾18份、醋酸钙12份、复合酶19份、尿素22份及去离子水46份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种；所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种；
所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草47份、土荆芥43份、槟榔40份、无患子外种皮34份、蓖麻叶29份、银胶菊25份、羊角拗18份、断肠草46份、香盏花21份、夹竹桃叶14份、使君子37份、雪松枝41份；
所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过210目筛，加入飞机草13倍质量的水，煎煮10h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
上述所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率900w、频率50kHz、温度63℃、搅拌速度为1100r/min、时间为26min，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，设置均质压力为11Mpa、均质温度为41℃，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至51℃保温反应5.5h，再以1300r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，控制喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为165℃、排风温度为86℃、泵速度为8.7mL/min、排风压力为103Pa、进风量为1052L/h，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
实施例5
一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津105份、除草剂A_85份、氯化铵90份、麦芽糊精60份、除草剂B_85份、白炭黑46份、仲烷基磺酸钠52份、刺梧桐胶24份、中草药杀虫液110份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚36份、十二烷基硫酸钾27份、醋酸钙22份、复合酶25份、尿素32份及去离子水60份。
进一步地，所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种；所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种；
所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草49份、土荆芥45份、槟榔42份、无患子外种皮36份、蓖麻叶31份、银胶菊27份、羊角拗20份、断肠草48份、香盏花23份、夹竹桃叶16份、使君子39份、雪松枝43份；
所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过240目筛，加入飞机草15倍质量的水，煎煮12h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
上述所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率1100w、频率55kHz、温度68℃、搅拌速度为1400r/min、时间为29min，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，设置均质压力为14Mpa、均质温度为44℃，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至54℃保温反应6.5h，再以1500r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，控制喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为175℃、排风温度为89℃、泵速度为8.9mL/min、排风压力为108Pa、进风量为1058L/h，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
综上所述，本发明通过除草剂与中草药杀虫液的复配，降低了化学农药使用量，减少了环境污染，提高了农作物的安全性，实现了虫害草害综合防治和优质高效生产并行，其效果是杀草谱广，无副作用，使用成本低，具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。
以上所述仅为发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津75-115份、除草剂A_55-95份、氯化铵60-100份、麦芽糊精30-70份、除草剂B_55-95份、白炭黑15-60份、仲烷基磺酸钠20-65份、刺梧桐胶10-30份、中草药杀虫液80-120份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚15-50份、十二烷基硫酸钾5-40份、醋酸钙2-32份、复合酶9-35份、尿素12-42份及去离子水36-70份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津95份、除草剂A_75份、氯化铵80份、麦芽糊精50份、除草剂B_75份、白炭黑37份、仲烷基磺酸钠42份、刺梧桐胶20份、中草药杀虫液100份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚32份、十二烷基硫酸钾23份、醋酸钙17份、复合酶21份、尿素27份及去离子水53份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于，按重量计，该除草剂由以下药物制成：莠去津85-105份、除草剂A_65-85份、氯化铵70-90份、麦芽糊精40-60份、除草剂B_65-85份、白炭黑29-46份、仲烷基磺酸钠33-52份、刺梧桐胶16-24份、中草药杀虫液90-110份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚29-36份、十二烷基硫酸钾18-27份、醋酸钙12-22份、复合酶19-25份、尿素22-32份及去离子水46-60份。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于：所述除草剂A为硝基磺草酮、二甲四氯、禾草灵、氯磺隆的一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于：所述除草剂B为丁草胺、甘草磷、除草醚、百草枯、乙草胺的一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于：所述中草药杀虫液由以下重量份的药物制成：飞机草46-50份、土荆芥42-46份、槟榔39-43份、无患子外种皮33-37份、蓖麻叶28-32份、银胶菊24-28份、羊角拗17-21份、断肠草45-49份、香盏花20-24份、夹竹桃叶13-17份、使君子36-40份、雪松枝40-44份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂，其特征在于：所述中草药杀虫液的制备方法为：按重量份数称取飞机草、土荆芥、槟榔、无患子外种皮、蓖麻叶份、银胶菊份、羊角拗份、断肠草、香盏花份、夹竹桃叶份、使君子份、雪松枝，分别去杂、晒干后，一起送入粉碎机粉碎，过200-250目筛，加入飞机草12-16倍质量的水，煎煮9-13h后，过滤收集滤液，滤液进行浓缩，即为中草药杀虫液。
8.根据权利要求4所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，其特征在于，由以下步骤组成：
（1）按重量份数将莠去津、除草剂A、氯化铵、麦芽糊精、除草剂、白炭黑、仲烷基磺酸钠、刺梧桐胶、中草药杀虫液、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钾、丁草胺、甘草磷及去离子水混合均匀，超声搅拌分散，得到药液；
（2）将醋酸钙、复合酶、尿素及步骤（1）的药液混合均匀，送入均质机进行细化均质后，加热至50-55℃保温反应5-7h，再以1200-1600r/min高速搅拌均匀，冷却至30℃以下，再进行喷雾干燥处理，即得所述除草剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（1）所述超声搅拌的条件为：超声波功率800-1200w，频率45-60kHz，温度60-70℃，搅拌速度为1000-1500r/min，时间为25-30min。
10.根据权利要求8所述的防治害虫杂草的除草剂的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（2），所述均质工艺的条件为：压力为10-15Mpa，温度为40-45℃；所述喷雾干燥的条件为：进风温度为160-180℃、排风温度为85-90℃、泵速度为8.6-9.0mL/min、排风压力为100-110Pa、进风量为1050-1060L/h。
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