CN106718543B - 一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法 - Google Patents

一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法 Download PDF

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CN106718543B
CN106718543B CN201611100293.6A CN201611100293A CN106718543B CN 106718543 B CN106718543 B CN 106718543B CN 201611100293 A CN201611100293 A CN 201611100293A CN 106718543 B CN106718543 B CN 106718543B
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王海波
刘凤之
王孝娣
施恢刚
史祥宾
程存刚
王宝亮
郑晓翠
冀晓昊
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Fruit Tree Institute of CAAS
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Abstract

本发明提出的是一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法。经过抗重茬剂的配制、抗重茬剂的施用和果园生草技术措施，解决苹果树抗重茬栽植的技术问题。采用本发明的方法能够解决苹果树抗重茬的技术问题，能够实现苹果树连续种植，并且不受重茬的影响，达到丰产丰收的效果。适宜作为苹果树抗重茬栽植的方法应用。

Description

一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法
技术领域
本发明提出的是植物栽培领域应用的一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法。
背景技术
苹果重茬病又称再植病，是指在同一块地上，重复栽种苹果，重茬后苹果树生长受到抑制或病害发生严重，导致树体生长弱，果品产量低、质量差的现象。目前，随着苹果产业的发展，相当大一部分的苹果老品种园及老龄果园需要更新改造；而近年来推行的矮化密植栽培，又使苹果树体的经济寿命缩短，造成苹果更新换代速度加快。因此，在果园更新改造中重茬栽植必然相当普遍，所以，苹果重茬病的防治成为保障苹果产业健康可持续发展的关键措施之一。为此，中国农业科学院果树研究所开展了多年科研攻关，有效解决了我国苹果抗重茬病问题。
发明内容
为了解决苹果树抗重茬的问题，本发明提出了一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法。该方法通过药剂配制与使用，结合果园生草的技术措施，解决苹果树抗重茬栽植的技术问题。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的方案是：
1、抗重茬剂的配制：
第一步：准备。首先按重量比将100份氨基酸、20份亚硫酸氢钠、6份亚硒酸钠、0.4份脱落酸和100份磷酸二氢钾用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物A备用，然后按重量比将50份硫酸镁、50份硫酸亚铁、50份硼酸、10份硫酸锰、50份硫酸锌、1份硫酸铜和5份钼酸钠用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物B备用。第二步：制备。首先按重量比将30份混合物A与60份纯净水倒入反应釜，随后开启反应釜的搅拌机使混合物充分溶解，然后开启加温装置将反应液温度升至70～80℃并保持在70～80℃，同时加入适量氢氧化钾将反应液pH值调至6-6.5条件下，反应2 h，最后将10份混合物B加入反应釜继续反应，反应2h，完成制备。注意事项：在整个反应过程中，反应液要不停搅拌，搅拌机叶片转速100-200转/min，以促进反应的顺利进行。
2、抗重茬剂的施用：
第一步：首先将制备的抗重茬剂兑水600倍稀释备用，随后将稀释好的抗重茬剂溶液按重量比8:1的比例与园土混匀搅拌制成泥浆，然后将准备好的苹果苗木根系蘸泥浆后进行定植。第二步：待定植好的苹果苗木新梢展叶3片以上时，每10-15天喷施1次600倍的抗重茬剂，直至落叶前15天停止。注意事项：为保障苹果树体生长良好，每年均须喷施抗重茬剂。
3、果园生草：
全园包括行间和树盘采取生草制度，自然生草或秋季播种黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、白三叶等。一般情况下待草长至30-40cm时利用果园碎草机留5cm茬粉碎，如气候过于干旱于草高20cm左右留5cm茬粉碎，如降雨过多则待草高50cm左右时留5cm茬粉碎。粉碎的草可覆盖在树盘或行间，使其自然分解腐烂或结合畜牧养殖过腹还田，增加土壤肥力。
积极效果，采用本发明的方法能够解决苹果树抗重茬的技术问题，能够实现苹果树连续种植，并且不受重茬的影响，达到丰产丰收的效果。适宜作为苹果树抗重茬栽植的方法应用。
具体实施方式
1、抗重茬剂的配制：
第一步：首先按质量将100份氨基酸、20份亚硫酸氢钠、6份亚硒酸钠、0.4份脱落酸和100份磷酸二氢钾用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物A备用，然后按重量比将50份硫酸镁、50份硫酸亚铁、50份硼酸、10份硫酸锰、50份硫酸锌、1份硫酸铜和5份钼酸钠用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物B备用。
第二步：首先按质量将30份混合物A与60份纯净水倒入反应釜，随后开启反应釜的搅拌机使混合物充分溶解，然后开启加温装置将反应液温度升至70～80℃并保持在70～80℃，同时加入适量氢氧化钾将反应液pH值调至6-6.5条件下，反应2 h，最后将10份混合物B加入反应釜继续反应，反应2h，完成制备。
2、抗重茬剂的施用：
第一步，首先将制备的抗重茬剂兑水600倍稀释备用，随后将稀释好的抗重茬剂溶液按重量比8:1的比例与园土混匀搅拌制成泥浆，然后将准备好的苹果苗木根系蘸泥浆后进行定植。
第二步：待定植好的苹果苗木新梢展叶3片以上时，每10-15天喷施1次600倍的抗重茬剂，直至落叶前15天停止。注意事项：为保障苹果树体生长良好，每年均须喷施抗重茬剂。
3、果园生草：
全园包括行间和树盘采取生草制度，自然生草或秋季播种黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、白三叶等。一般情况下待草长至30-40cm时利用果园碎草机留5cm茬粉碎，如气候过于干旱于草高20cm留5cm茬粉碎，如降雨过多则待草高50cm时留5cm茬粉碎。粉碎的草可覆盖在树盘或行间，使其自然分解腐烂或结合畜牧养殖过腹还田，增加土壤肥力。

Claims (1)

1.一种苹果抗重茬病的栽植方法，其特征在于：
1）、抗重茬剂的配制：
第一步：首先按质量将100份氨基酸、20份亚硫酸氢钠、6份亚硒酸钠、0.4份脱落酸和100份磷酸二氢钾用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物A备用，然后按重量比将50份硫酸镁、50份硫酸亚铁、50份硼酸、10份硫酸锰、50份硫酸锌、1份硫酸铜和5份钼酸钠用粉碎机粉碎并混匀得混合物B备用；
第二步：首先按质量将30份混合物A与60份纯净水倒入反应釜，随后开启反应釜的搅拌机使混合物充分溶解，然后开启加温装置将反应液温度升至70～80℃并保持在70～80℃，同时加入适量氢氧化钾将反应液pH值调至6-6.5条件下，反应2 h，最后将10份混合物B加入反应釜继续反应，反应2h，完成制备；
2）、抗重茬剂的施用：
第一步，首先将制备的抗重茬剂兑水600倍稀释备用，随后将稀释好的抗重茬剂溶液按重量比8:1的比例与园土混匀搅拌制成泥浆，然后将准备好的苹果苗木根系蘸泥浆后进行定植；
第二步：待定植好的苹果苗木新梢展叶3片以上时，每10-15天喷施1次600倍的抗重茬剂，直至落叶前15天停止；
3）、果园生草：
全园包括行间和树盘采取生草制度，自然生草或秋季播种黑麦草、紫花苜蓿或白三叶；待草长至30-40cm时利用果园碎草机留5cm茬粉碎，如气候过于干旱于草高20cm留5cm茬粉碎，如降雨过多则待草高50cm时留5cm茬粉碎；粉碎的草可覆盖在树盘或行间，使其自然分解腐烂或结合畜牧养殖过腹还田，增加土壤肥力。
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CN101390486A (zh) * 2008-11-07 2009-03-25 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 一种预防核果类苗木根癌病的方法
CN102598969A (zh) * 2011-12-04 2012-07-25 万怡震 克服果树植物重茬病害的聚合方法
CN102948354A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-03-06 山东省果树研究所 坡地栽植果树的方法
JP2014132870A (ja) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-24 Mebiol Kk 植物栽培用器具および植物栽培方法
CN105340680A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-02-24 周江 生态苹果的种植方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101390486A (zh) * 2008-11-07 2009-03-25 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 一种预防核果类苗木根癌病的方法
CN102598969A (zh) * 2011-12-04 2012-07-25 万怡震 克服果树植物重茬病害的聚合方法
CN102948354A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-03-06 山东省果树研究所 坡地栽植果树的方法
JP2014132870A (ja) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-24 Mebiol Kk 植物栽培用器具および植物栽培方法
CN105340680A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-02-24 周江 生态苹果的种植方法

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