CN106714110A - Auto building method and system of Wi-Fi position fingerprint map - Google Patents
Auto building method and system of Wi-Fi position fingerprint map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an auto building method and system of a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map. The method comprises the steps of acquiring crowdsourcing data, building the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian navigation reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening according to an indoor map to obtain Wi-Fi strength information with a position tag; and using the Wi-Fi strength information with the position tag as a training sample of a Gaussian process, so as to obtain a function relationship between the signal strength and the position information, resolving a super parameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting according to the super parameter so as to obtain Wi-Fi strength information of a poor constraint area of the indoor map. Regression is performed by using the Gaussian process, the Wi-Fi position fingerprint of a wide area is predicted based on the Wi-Fi position fingerprint information of a high constraint area of the map, so that the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of the whole indoor area is built automatically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of location services, in particular to a method and a system for automatically constructing a Wi-Fi location fingerprint map.
Background
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint method is a common indoor positioning method, can utilize the existing wireless local area network infrastructure, can realize positioning through a smart phone, does not need additional equipment added by a user, and is most widely applied.
The existing Wi-Fi position fingerprint method comprises two steps of off-line fingerprint acquisition and on-line positioning. The purpose of offline fingerprint acquisition is to build a Wi-Fi position fingerprint database of an indoor area. In the off-line acquisition stage, data needs to be acquired at each acquisition point for a period of time to improve the quality of the location fingerprint database. And in the on-line positioning stage, the Wi-Fi signal intensity information acquired by the user in real time is matched and compared with the information in the Wi-Fi position fingerprint database by using a positioning algorithm, so that the position of the user is estimated.
According to the Wi-Fi position fingerprint positioning principle, whether the Wi-Fi position fingerprint database is accurately constructed is very important. In the off-line acquisition stage, a large amount of acquisition point samples are needed, the workload of data acquisition is large, especially for large-scale indoor areas, the acquisition work of position fingerprint samples needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the large-scale popularization and application of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint method are severely limited.
The existing Wi-Fi position fingerprint automatic construction and updating method uses behavior map matching to automatically construct a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map through crowdsourcing track data. However, the method can only obtain the position fingerprint of the area with better map constraint, and for the wide area, the pedestrian dead reckoning method of the smart phone has poor precision and cannot obtain the position label at the moment of collecting the position fingerprint, so the application of the method is greatly limited.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for automatically constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, only position fingerprints of a region with better map constraint can be obtained, and for an open region, a position label at the time of acquiring the position fingerprints cannot be obtained due to the poor accuracy of a pedestrian dead reckoning method of a smart phone.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
A. acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
B. the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position labels is used as a training sample of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, a hyper-parameter in the Gaussian process is solved, and Wi-Fi intensity information of an indoor map area with poor constraint is obtained according to the hyper-parameter prediction; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method comprises the following specific steps:
a1, acquiring related crowdsourcing data;
a2, calculating and obtaining a relative motion track of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data;
a3, identifying the specific behaviors of a user comprising a plurality of behavior types through a machine learning method;
a4, constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors;
a5, generating a dotted line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is the position where the specific action occurs, and the line is the edge of the connection point;
a6, matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model to obtain indoor map coordinate information of a relative motion track;
a7, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area;
and A8, screening Wi-Fi strength information with position labels according to the indoor map, and taking the Wi-Fi strength information as a sample.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method comprises the following steps:
b1, marking the sample points included in the sample as p1，...，pi，...pnH, the Wi-Fi signal strength of the sample point is noted as f, anModeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process;
b2, modeling the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance according to the signal propagation model to obtain the strength f (p) of the received signali)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween;
b3, according to the training sample Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss score and is recorded asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,as the attenuation variance, as the measurement noise;
b4, position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variablesWherein1≤i≤n，The Wi-Fi intensity average value of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map without position labels,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method, wherein the crowdsourcing data comprises: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method comprises the following specific steps of:
calculating the number of the steps of the user through a peak detection algorithm based on the acceleration data;
estimating the walking step length of the user through a step frequency step length model;
obtaining the advancing direction of the user according to the magnetometer data;
calculating to obtain a forward distance according to the number of the forward steps and the walking step length; and generating a relative motion track of the user according to the advancing distance and the advancing direction.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method comprises the following specific steps of:
collecting sample time sequence data containing a plurality of specific behaviors;
segmenting the sample timing data through a sliding window of a predetermined length to obtain a specific behavior sample;
extracting features of the specific behavior sample;
training a classifier for classifying a specific behavior based on the features of the specific behavior sample;
the crowd-sourced data is segmented using the same sliding window and classified using a trained classifier, generating a type of a particular behavior of the crowd-sourced data.
A Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction system, wherein, include:
the training sample acquisition module is used for acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
the prediction module is used for taking the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label as a training sample of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, solving a hyper-parameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting to obtain the Wi-Fi intensity information of an area with poor indoor map constraint according to the hyper-parameter; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction system comprises a training sample acquisition module, a training sample acquisition module and a matching module, wherein the training sample acquisition module specifically comprises:
a data acquisition unit for acquiring relevant crowdsourcing data;
a relative motion trajectory generation unit, configured to calculate and obtain a relative motion trajectory of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data;
a specific behavior recognizing unit for recognizing a specific behavior of a user including several behavior types by a machine learning method;
the behavior sequence generation unit is used for constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors;
a point-line model generating unit for generating a point-line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is a position where the specific behavior occurs, and a line is an edge of a connection point;
the matching unit is used for matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model so as to obtain indoor map coordinate information of a relative motion track;
the fingerprint map generating unit is used for constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area;
and the sample acquisition unit is used for screening the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label according to the indoor map and taking the Wi-Fi intensity information as a sample.
The Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction system, wherein the prediction module specifically comprises:
a functional relationship obtaining unit for recording sample points included in the samples as { p1，...，pi，...pnH, the Wi-Fi signal strength of the sample point is noted as f, anModeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process;
a sample point signal strength acquisition unit for modeling the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance according to the signal propagation model to obtain the strength f (p) of the received signali)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween;
a training unit for training the sample Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss score and is recorded asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,as the attenuation variance, as the measurement noise;
a mean and variance obtaining unit for obtaining the position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variables Wherein1≤i≤n，Is Wi-FThe i-position fingerprint map does not carry the Wi-Fi intensity mean value of the position label,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system, wherein the crowdsourcing data comprises: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data.
The invention provides a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map; and taking the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label as a training sample of the Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between the signal intensity and the position information, solving the hyperparameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting to obtain the Wi-Fi intensity information of the area with poor indoor map constraint according to the hyperparameter. The method adopts Gaussian process regression, and predicts the Wi-Fi position fingerprint of an open area based on the Wi-Fi position fingerprint information of an area with better map constraint, so that the automatic construction of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of the whole indoor area is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an automatic Wi-Fi location fingerprint map construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an indoor area in the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an automatic Wi-Fi location fingerprint map construction system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method and a system for automatically constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map, which are further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, the technical scheme and the effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the method for automatically constructing a Wi-Fi location fingerprint map according to the present invention, the method includes the following steps:
s100, acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
step S200, using Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels as training samples of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, solving hyper-parameters in the Gaussian process, and predicting Wi-Fi intensity information of an indoor map area with poor constraint according to the hyper-parameters; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
By adopting the existing Wi-Fi position fingerprint map construction method, the Wi-Fi position fingerprint information with better map constraint area, namely the Wi-Fi signal intensity corresponding to each coordinate, can be obtained. The location fingerprint of the elongated corridor area (located around the sky well in fig. 2) in fig. 2 can be obtained, and for an open area (such as the rectangular area in fig. 2), the location fingerprint strength of the area cannot be obtained because the map constraint is poor and the whole area cannot be described by using a one-dimensional wire model. In step S200, the preset optimal value of the distance threshold is 2m, and the distance threshold can be adjusted in size and related to the accuracy of the indoor map.
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map obtained in the area with better map constraint is used as a training sample to obtain the hyperparameter of the Gaussian process regression model, and on the basis, the Wi-Fi position fingerprint of the open area is predicted.
Preferably, the step S100 specifically includes:
and step S101, acquiring related crowdsourcing data.
The crowdsourcing data refers to a plurality of different types of sensor data obtained from terminals of a plurality of crowdsourcing users. Crowdsourcing refers to a non-selective pointing mode, i.e., involving a variety of different types and ranges of users.
The user's terminal may be any suitable terminal device having at least one sensor, such as a smart phone, a smart watch, various wearable devices, and the like.
Specifically, the crowdsourcing data includes: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data. Wi-Fi data can include MAC address, SSID, strength RSSI, among others.
And S102, calculating and obtaining the relative motion track of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data.
Specifically, the pedestrian dead reckoning method specifically includes:
calculating the number of the steps of the user through a peak detection algorithm based on the acceleration data;
estimating the walking step length of the user through a step frequency step length model;
obtaining the advancing direction of the user according to the magnetometer data;
calculating to obtain a forward distance according to the number of the forward steps and the walking step length; and generating a relative motion track of the user according to the advancing distance and the advancing direction.
The step frequency step size model may be specifically defined by the following equation:
sl＝a·f+b
wherein sl is a step length, f is a step frequency, and a and b are constant parameters.
And multiplying the number of the advancing steps and the walking step length to calculate the advancing distance. Finally, a relative motion trajectory of the user is generated based on the forward distance and the forward direction (S24).
The relative movement locus may be represented by corresponding coordinates on the xy coordinate axis. Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein x istAnd ytRespectively the position of the user at time t, xt-1And yt-1Respectively, the position of the user at time t-1, deltad is the advance distance,is the forward direction.
Step S103, identifying specific behaviors of the user comprising a plurality of behavior types through a machine learning method.
The specific behavior specifically refers to the behavior of a user (pedestrian) at a special indoor position (i.e. some behavior types other than normal walking), for example, the turning behavior of the pedestrian at a corner, the overweight and weightlessness behavior of the pedestrian when riding an elevator, and the like.
From crowdsourced data (e.g. accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and barometer data) the different types of behaviour described above can be identified using suitable machine learning methods.
The machine learning method specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting sample time sequence data containing a plurality of specific behaviors;
segmenting the sample timing data through a sliding window of a predetermined length to obtain a specific behavior sample;
extracting features of the specific behavior sample;
training a classifier for classifying a specific behavior based on the features of the specific behavior sample;
the crowd-sourced data is segmented using the same sliding window and classified using a trained classifier, generating a type of a particular behavior of the crowd-sourced data.
That is, first, sample timing data is collected that contains several specific behaviors. Generally, sensor data (i.e., crowdsourcing data) of a mobile terminal (e.g., a smart phone) is time-series data.
Then, the sample timing data is divided by a sliding window of a predetermined length to obtain each specific behavior sample. The time window may be set to 2 seconds.
Then, features of the specific behavior sample are extracted. The characteristics used can be selected and determined according to actual conditions. For example, based on the data type of crowdsourcing data of a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mean and standard deviation of the three-axis acceleration, the mean and standard deviation of the three-axis angular velocity, and the variation value of the air pressure may be used as the characteristics of the sample.
The specific calculation method is represented by the following formula:
whereinAnd σaThe mean and standard deviation of the three-axis acceleration,and σgIs the mean value and standard deviation of the angular velocity of the three axes, Δ p is the variation value of the air pressure, n is the number of sensor data in the behavior sample, npCalculating the data number of the air pressure mean value for the user as a constant np≤n
Then entering a training stage: training a classifier for classifying a particular behavior based on features of the particular behavior sample. The specific classifier selected and used and the corresponding classifier parameters can be determined according to actual conditions.
Finally, the crowdsourced data is segmented using the same sliding window and classified using a trained classifier, generating a type of a particular behavior of the crowdsourced data.
And step S104, constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors.
Modeling the relative motion trajectory obtained in the above steps and the recognition result of the specific behavior, so as to obtain a model including the relative spatial relationship between the specific behaviors and the specific behavior type, where the term "behavior sequence model" is used to represent the model.
And step S105, generating a point-line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is the position where the specific behavior occurs, and the line is the edge of the connecting point.
The dotted line model can be realized by a manual method or obtained by an automatic method. For example, a voronoi diagram method may be used to generate a point line model of the indoor map, and other suitable automatic generation methods may be used to obtain a point line model that meets the usage requirements.
And S106, matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model so as to obtain the indoor map coordinate information of the relative motion track.
Step S106 specifically includes:
first, a hidden markov model is used to match a point where a specific behavior occurrence location corresponds to the dotted line model.
The specific matching method is as follows:
1. hidden state: nodes in the graph structure.
2. And (3) observation value: the relative displacement between the occurrence moments of the specific behaviors obtained by the dead reckoning of the pedestrian.
3. Probability of state transition: when a particular behavior is identified, a transition probability between hidden states is generated. Through the topological structure of the indoor map, a transition probability matrix between the hidden states can be obtained. Since a pedestrian (user) can move only between adjacent points, the transition probability of each point to its adjacent point can be assumed to be uniformly distributed, whereby the state transition matrix of the entire indoor map can be obtained. For example, as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the state transition probability calculation according to the present invention is shown.
4. And (3) outputting the probability: the output probability describes the probability distribution of the observed value in each hidden state. In the hidden markov model employed in the present invention, the observed value is a relative displacement between specific behaviors derived from dead reckoning of a pedestrian.
According to the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning, a relative displacement error consists of a distance estimation error and an angle error. Thus, the observation probability distribution consists of two parts, a distance observation probability distribution and an angle observation probability distribution. Since the distance and angle observations are independent of each other, the observation probability distribution is: wherein σdIs the standard deviation of the distance measurements and,is the standard deviation of the angle measurement.
5. Initial probability distribution: the initial probability distribution is assumed to be a uniform distribution, and when the first specific behavior is identified, the probability of the position at that time at each corresponding node is considered to be equal.
6. The Viterbi algorithm: the viterbi algorithm is used to find a hidden state sequence with the maximum matching probability with the relative motion trajectory of the user, that is, the relative motion trajectory of the user is matched with a point in the point-line model through a specific behavior contained in the relative motion trajectory of the user and a relative displacement between the specific behaviors, so that each step in the relative motion displacement is positioned. Using a mathematical model to represent O ═ (O)1,O2,...,OT) For a particular behavior contained in a track, the Viterbi variable is defined by:
wherein,t(i) is the probability that time t is in state i, aijIs the state transition of states i to jProbability of shift, bj(Ot+1) A probability is output for the observed value for state j. To obtain the most probable state, ρt+1(j) The definition is as follows:
according to a plurality of continuous specific behaviors in the track obtained by behavior recognition, the absolute coordinates (coordinate positions of the indoor map) of the track are obtained by matching with a plurality of points in the point-line model, and the points matched with the specific behaviors in the track are called node chains. The probability of each chain of selected nodes is calculated using the following equation:
pt+1(j)＝pt(i)·aij·bj(Ot+1),1≤t≤T
wherein p ist(i) Is the probability of the candidate node chain at time t. And when the ratio of the probability value of the maximum candidate node chain to the node chain probability value with the next highest probability value is greater than the threshold value C, the candidate node chain with the highest probability value is the matching result.
And then, calculating according to the number of steps between adjacent specific behaviors in the behavior sequence model and the distance between two corresponding points in the point-line model to obtain corresponding coordinate information of each step in the indoor map. That is, according to the number of steps between specific behaviors in the track, the track is interpolated, and according to the distance between nodes in the indoor road network, the absolute coordinate information of each step is obtained.
S107, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area.
Step S107 specifically includes:
first, the indoor map is gridded. Namely, the indoor map is divided into grids with the same size by using equally spaced vertical and horizontal lines.
And then, according to the indoor map coordinate information of the relative motion trail, selecting Wi-Fi information which is closest to the center of the grid as first position fingerprint information of the grid.
Namely, for each relative motion track, according to the position information of each step of the user in the track, the Wi-Fi grid center coordinate closest to the Euclidean distance is selected as the coordinate information of the Wi-Fi fingerprint acquired at the step detection time.
And repeatedly executing the steps on a plurality of relative motion tracks in the crowdsourcing data to obtain a plurality of first position fingerprint information.
And finally, averaging a plurality of first position fingerprint information of the grids corresponding to the relative motion tracks to form second position fingerprint information of the grids. In particular, the location fingerprint may be an average of the signal strength of each AP (i.e., hotspot, identifiable from MAC address).
The crowd-sourced data contains multiple relative motion trajectories (as opposed to different users). Therefore, a final Wi-Fi position fingerprint map or fingerprint map database can be constructed by integrating the crowdsourcing data and the calculated absolute position (i.e., indoor position coordinate information).
And S108, screening the Wi-Fi strength information with the position label according to the indoor map, and taking the Wi-Fi strength information as a sample.
By screening (selecting out the fingerprints of the map with better constraint, such as corridor areas), the Wi-Fi strength information with the position label can be obtained and used as a sample. Assume that n samples are obtained, denoted as: wherein (x)i，yi) Is the coordinate information of the ith sample,the signal strength of the jth Wi-Fi access point in the ith sample is 1 < i < n, 1 < j < m, n is the number of the samples, and m is the number of the Wi-Fi access points contained in the samples.
Preferably, the step S200 specifically includes:
step S201, recording sample points included in the sample as { p1，...，pi，...pnH, the Wi-Fi signal strength of the sample point is noted as f, anModeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process.
The entire indoor area may be divided into R grids, where n are samples obtained by behavioral map matching, and n < R. According to the method, the Wi-Fi signal intensity of the remaining grids in the whole indoor area is predicted through samples obtained through crowdsourcing tracks, and the Wi-Fi signal intensity are recorded as follows: the contents of S and A are shown in the specification,
suppose there are m Wi-Fi access points, location p, throughout an indoor areaiThe received signal strength of the jth Wi-Fi access point is expressed as a function fj(pi)，pi＝(xi，yi) (without loss of generality, the subscript j in the formula is then removed) the signal strength observation for this point is then:
y(pi)＝f(pi)+ (1)
wherein, for measuring noise, the normal Gaussian distribution is adopted
Using Gaussian process to pair f (p)i) And modeling is carried out, the Gaussian process is trained through a sample set S, the returning hyper-parameter of the Gaussian process is obtained through training, finally, the grid signal strength of an unknown area is predicted through the trained hyper-parameter, and therefore the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of the whole indoor area is automatically constructed and updated.
Step S202, modeling is carried out on the relation between the Wi-Fi signal strength and the distance according to the signal propagation model, and the strength f (p) of the received signal is obtainedi)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween.
S＝(<p1，rss1>，<p2，rss2>，...，<pn，rssn>) For the resulting position-tagged sample, the sample point is { p }1，...，pi，...pn} and the signal strength of these sample points is expressed asAnd modeling the signal intensity and the position information of the sample point by using a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation f of the signal intensity and the position information, wherein the mean function of the Gaussian process is m (-) and the covariance function is k (-,). ThenHaving the following distribution:
the gaussian process is generally represented using the following form:
m(p)＝E[f(p)](4)
k(p，p′)＝E[(f(p)-m(p))(f(p′)-m(p′))](5)
the object of the invention is to predict the signal strength, f, at the coordinate points of the respective input positions by means of a Gaussian processj(p*) Is in position p*The signal strength of Wi-Fi access point j.
Will f isj(pi) Modeling as a gaussian process (equations (3) - (5)):
the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance is modeled herein using, without limitation, an open-space signal propagation model, and the received signal strength (in dB) can be described as:
f(pi)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) (7)
where γ is a constant and α is the signal path attenuation coefficient, Ψ (p)i，ps) For location-related parameters, the Wi-Fi access point location p is describedsAnd position piBetween the signalsAnd (4) subtracting. Let Ψ (p)i，ps) Obey a normal distribution, i.e.:
wherein,is the attenuation variance.
Position piAnd pjThe covariance of (a) is given by:
wherein d iscIs the correlation distance.
Step S203, according to the training sample Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss score and is recorded asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,to attenuate the variance, to measure the noise.
Step S204, the position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variables Wherein1≤i≤n，The Wi-Fi intensity average value of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map without position labels,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } are training samples, where f (-) is given by equation (1) and n is the trainingThe number of samples.A matrix of n × 2, containing the two-dimensional coordinates of the training samples.Is an n-dimensional column vector that contains the received signal strength in the training samples.
Since the normal Gaussian distribution is shown in the formula (1), fj(pi) Is the sum of two gaussian random variables. Thus, the noise observation vector fjObeying a multidimensional joint gaussian distribution:
wherein,c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen the value of i is equal to j,ijas with 1, in other cases,ij＝0。
by usingIndicating the position to be predicted is p*The signal intensities y and f constitute a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y ] of column (n +1) × 1]：
Wherein,
the conditional distribution of gaussian random variables gives:
by equations (12) to (14), the mean (equation (13)) and the variance (equation (14)) of the signal intensities of the sample regions not collected can be predicted by using gaussian process regression.
Based on the embodiment of the method, the invention also provides a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction system. As shown in fig. 3, the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system includes:
the training sample acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
the prediction module 200 is used for taking the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label as a training sample of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, solving a hyper-parameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting to obtain the Wi-Fi intensity information of an area with poor indoor map constraint according to the hyper-parameter; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
Preferably, in the system for automatically constructing a Wi-Fi location fingerprint map, the training sample acquisition module specifically includes:
a data acquisition unit for acquiring relevant crowdsourcing data;
a relative motion trajectory generation unit, configured to calculate and obtain a relative motion trajectory of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data;
a specific behavior recognizing unit for recognizing a specific behavior of a user including several behavior types by a machine learning method;
the behavior sequence generation unit is used for constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors;
a point-line model generating unit for generating a point-line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is a position where the specific behavior occurs, and a line is an edge of a connection point;
the matching unit is used for matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model so as to obtain indoor map coordinate information of a relative motion track;
the fingerprint map generating unit is used for constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area;
and the sample acquisition unit is used for screening the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label according to the indoor map and taking the Wi-Fi intensity information as a sample.
Preferably, in the automatic Wi-Fi location fingerprint map building system, the prediction module specifically includes:
a functional relationship obtaining unit for recording sample points included in the samples as { p1，...，pi，...pn}, sampleThe Wi-Fi signal strength of this point is noted as f, andmodeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process;
a sample point signal strength acquisition unit for modeling the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance according to the signal propagation model to obtain the strength f (p) of the received signali)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween;
a training unit for training the sample Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss scoreAnd is marked asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,as the attenuation variance, as the measurement noise;
a mean and variance obtaining unit for obtaining the position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variables Wherein1≤i≤n，The Wi-Fi intensity average value of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map without position labels,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
Preferably, in the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system, the crowdsourcing data includes: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data.
In summary, the method and system for automatically constructing the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map provided by the present invention includes: acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map; and taking the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label as a training sample of the Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between the signal intensity and the position information, solving the hyperparameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting to obtain the Wi-Fi intensity information of the area with poor indoor map constraint according to the hyperparameter. The method adopts Gaussian process regression, and predicts the Wi-Fi position fingerprint of an open area based on the Wi-Fi position fingerprint information of an area with better map constraint, so that the automatic construction of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of the whole indoor area is realized.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
B. the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position labels is used as a training sample of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, a hyper-parameter in the Gaussian process is solved, and Wi-Fi intensity information of an indoor map area with poor constraint is obtained according to the hyper-parameter prediction; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
2. The method for automatically constructing the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map according to claim 1, wherein the step a specifically comprises:
a1, acquiring related crowdsourcing data;
a2, calculating and obtaining a relative motion track of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data;
a3, identifying the specific behaviors of a user comprising a plurality of behavior types through a machine learning method;
a4, constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors;
a5, generating a dotted line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is the position where the specific action occurs, and the line is the edge of the connection point;
a6, matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model to obtain indoor map coordinate information of a relative motion track;
a7, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area;
and A8, screening Wi-Fi strength information with position labels according to the indoor map, and taking the Wi-Fi strength information as a sample.
3. The method for automatically constructing the Wi-Fi location fingerprint map according to claim 2, wherein the step B specifically comprises:
b1, marking the sample points included in the sample as p1，...，pi，...pnH, the Wi-Fi signal strength of the sample point is noted as f, anModeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process;
b2, modeling the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance according to the signal propagation model to obtain the strength f (p) of the received signali)＝γ-10α log10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween;
b3 according to training sample sj＝{p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss score and is recorded asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,as the attenuation variance, as the measurement noise;
b4, position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variablesWherein1≤i≤n，The Wi-Fi intensity average value of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map without position labels,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
4. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the crowdsourcing data comprises: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data.
5. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pedestrian dead reckoning method specifically comprises:
calculating the number of the steps of the user through a peak detection algorithm based on the acceleration data;
estimating the walking step length of the user through a step frequency step length model;
obtaining the advancing direction of the user according to the magnetometer data;
calculating to obtain a forward distance according to the number of the forward steps and the walking step length; and generating a relative motion track of the user according to the advancing distance and the advancing direction.
6. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machine learning method specifically comprises:
collecting sample time sequence data containing a plurality of specific behaviors;
segmenting the sample timing data through a sliding window of a predetermined length to obtain a specific behavior sample;
extracting features of the specific behavior sample;
training a classifier for classifying a specific behavior based on the features of the specific behavior sample;
the crowd-sourced data is segmented using the same sliding window and classified using a trained classifier, generating a type of a particular behavior of the crowd-sourced data.
7. A Wi-Fi position fingerprint map automatic construction system is characterized by comprising:
the training sample acquisition module is used for acquiring crowdsourcing data, constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method and a machine learning method, and screening Wi-Fi intensity information with position labels according to an indoor map;
the prediction module is used for taking the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label as a training sample of a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation between signal intensity and position information, solving a hyper-parameter in the Gaussian process, and predicting to obtain the Wi-Fi intensity information of an area with poor indoor map constraint according to the hyper-parameter; when the distance between the indoor map obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value or the distance between the indoor map wall and the obstacles is larger than a preset distance threshold value, the area is an area with poor indoor map constraint.
8. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system of claim 7, wherein the training sample acquisition module specifically comprises:
a data acquisition unit for acquiring relevant crowdsourcing data;
a relative motion trajectory generation unit, configured to calculate and obtain a relative motion trajectory of the user by using a pedestrian dead reckoning method based on the crowdsourcing data;
a specific behavior recognizing unit for recognizing a specific behavior of a user including several behavior types by a machine learning method;
the behavior sequence generation unit is used for constructing a behavior sequence model formed by the type of the specific behaviors in the relative motion trail and the relative spatial relationship among the specific behaviors;
a point-line model generating unit for generating a point-line model of the indoor map, wherein the point is a position where the specific behavior occurs, and a line is an edge of a connection point;
the matching unit is used for matching the dotted line model with the behavior sequence model through a hidden Markov model so as to obtain indoor map coordinate information of a relative motion track;
the fingerprint map generating unit is used for constructing a Wi-Fi position fingerprint map of an area with better map constraint based on the indoor position coordinate information and crowdsourcing data; when the distance between the obstacles of the indoor map is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, or the distance between the wall of the indoor map and the obstacles is smaller than or equal to the distance threshold value, the area is a better indoor map constraint area;
and the sample acquisition unit is used for screening the Wi-Fi intensity information with the position label according to the indoor map and taking the Wi-Fi intensity information as a sample.
9. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system of claim 8, wherein the prediction module specifically comprises:
a functional relationship obtaining unit for recording sample points included in the samples as { p1，...，pi，...pnH, the Wi-Fi signal strength of the sample point is noted as f, anModeling Wi-Fi signal strength and position information of a sample point according to a Gaussian process to obtain a functional relation of modeling of the Wi-Fi signal strength and the position information; wherein, when the functional relationship is denoted as f, the distribution of f is:
wherein m (-) is a mean function of the Gaussian process, and k (-) is a covariance function of the Gaussian process;
a sample point signal strength acquisition unit for modeling the relationship between Wi-Fi signal strength and distance according to the signal propagation model to obtain the strength f (p) of the received signali)＝γ-10αlog10(||pi-ps||)+Ψ(pi，ps) Wherein gamma is constant, α is signal path attenuation coefficient, psi (p)i，ps) Is to describe the Wi-Fi access point position psAnd Wi-Fi access point location piA location-dependent parameter of signal attenuation therebetween;
a training unit for training the sample Sj＝{(p1，f(p1))，(p2，f(p2))，...，(pn，f(pn) ) } and two-dimensional coordinates comprising training samplesObtaining Wi-Fi signal strength contained in training samplesAnd includes Wi-Fi signal strength in training samplesF in (1)jObey multi-dimensional joint Gauss score and is recorded asWherein, c is a matrix of n × n, each elementWhen i is jijWhen not otherwise specified, 1ij＝0；dcIs the distance of the correlation, and,as the attenuation variance, as the measurement noise;
a mean and variance obtaining unit for obtaining the position p to be predicted*The signal strength of (A) is expressed asAnd combining y and f into a multidimensional Gaussian variable [ f; y) with the column (n +1) × 1]：Derived from conditional distribution of Gaussian random variablesWherein 1≤i≤n，The Wi-Fi intensity average value of the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map without position labels,and carrying out Wi-Fi intensity variance without position labels for the Wi-Fi position fingerprint map.
10. The Wi-Fi location fingerprint map automatic construction system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the crowdsourcing data comprises: crowd-sourced user acceleration data, gyroscope data, magnetometer data, barometer data, and Wi-Fi data.
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