CN106712816B - A kind of design method of the safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network - Google Patents

A kind of design method of the safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network Download PDF

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CN106712816B
CN106712816B CN201611159727.XA CN201611159727A CN106712816B CN 106712816 B CN106712816 B CN 106712816B CN 201611159727 A CN201611159727 A CN 201611159727A CN 106712816 B CN106712816 B CN 106712816B
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董健
石振弘
唐锟
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Central South University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426Power distribution
    • H04B7/043Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of design methods of safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network, gather in time ratio as variable using energy first, construct the objective optimisation problems of the maximization transmission rate of time custom system in cognition wireless network;Secondly, objective optimisation problems are converted to semidefinite decoding problem using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle, use Charnes-Cooper by semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem;Beamforming vectors and cognition beamforming vectors are forwarded than obtaining globally optimal solution finally by the linear search energy harvesting time, and then solve the safe rate of primary user and time user, complete the design of the safe beam forming of cognition wireless network.This method greatly simplifies design process, and solution scheme can not only prevent intercepting and capturing of the eavesdropping user to confidential information, while be able to achieve the increase of transmission rate again, effectively raise the performance of system.

Description

A kind of design method of the safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of communication security, in particular to a kind of safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network Design method.
Background technique
In face of growing wireless transmission demand, frequency spectrum resource becomes a kind of rare resource, cognition wireless network Occur effectively improving the spectrum efficiency of wireless network.Carrying out cooperation transmission using secondary user's (SU) not only can be with less Resource consumption promote the transmission of primary user (PU) data, while SU can also be transmitted using the frequency spectrum resource of part primary user The information of oneself, to achieve the effect that two-win.However the collaboration communication meeting in some practical application scenes between PU and SU It is restricted, such as when sensor is as cooperating relay, since the capacity of battery is limited, if charging or timely cannot be provided When replacing battery, cooperation transmission can then be interrupted.Therefore, if relaying can obtain energy, coorporative network from transmission environment " life cycle " of network will greatly extend.In order to solve this problem, energy is carried out using radio frequency (RF) signal gather in quilt It is recognized as a kind of effective solution method.Currently, the combination that wireless energy gathers in technology and cordless communication network has been obtained Extensive concern, just gradually becomes a new hot research problem in wireless communication.In the wireless communication gathered in based on energy In network, the wireless energy harvesting node energy as entrained by radiofrequency signal completely is powered, and then the node utilizes harvesting Energy carry out again relevant operation and data transmission.
Due to wirelessly communicating the broadcast characteristic when transmitting information, the information of user is easy to be stolen in transmission process It listens.In the collaboration communication of energy harvesting, the transmitting terminal (ST) of secondary user's carries out the energy using harvesting as cooperating relay The signal for forwarding PU, because this user receiving end (SR) is possible to the signal of eavesdropping PU, to produce a series of information peace Full problem.In traditional cognition wireless network, in order to guarantee the safety of information, the beam forming of safety of physical layer has been carried out Extensive research.In recent years, it was also greatly paid close attention to using the safety that relaying carries out energy harvesting and promotes physical layer. ZHANG N has studied and safe wave beam how is designed and optimized in half-duplex relay network from the angle of achievable safe rate Forming and transimission power, (bibliography ZHANG N, LU N, SHEN X X.Cooperative spectrum access towards secure information transfer for CRNs[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2013,31 (11): 2453-2464.) in the cooperative cognitive network of energy harvesting, it examines This problem of the information of PU may be eavesdropped by considering SU, design for the safe rate of collaborative network, have scholar to have studied at present Under single-input single-output (SISO) mode, the fast up to safety of collaboration mode has been carried out for the case where single SR and multiple SR Rate analysis.The analysis of the cooperative cognitive network gathered in based on energy is only limited under the mode of SISO above, and is not accounted for How the distribution of energy harvesting time and message processing time is optimized.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of design method of safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network, purpose exists In the Communication Security Problem for the safe beam forming for overcoming cooperative cognitive wireless network.
A kind of design method of the safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition wireless network, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: using energy harvesting time ratio as optimized variable, optimization is turned to the transmission rate maximum of secondary custom system Target constructs the safe beamforming design optimization problem based on energy harvesting cognition wireless network, so that primary user's system is full The transmission power of sufficient secure communication quality requirement and secondary custom system transmitting terminal meets secure communication limitation;
Step 2: objective optimisation problems described in step 1 are converted into semidefinite decoding using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle Problem uses Charnes-Cooper by semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem;
Step 3: the time is gathered in than obtaining globally optimal solution by linear search energy, the globally optimal solution is including secondary User forwards main system beamforming vectors and subsystem sends beamforming vectors, and then solves the peace of primary user and time user Full rate completes the design of the safe beam forming of cognition wireless network.
Further, objective optimisation problems are as follows in the step 1:
Wherein, T is expressed as the overall process time of cooperative cognitive wireless network, and α is that energy gathers in time ratio, wPFor secondary user Forward main system beamforming vectors, wSBeamforming vectors are sent for subsystem;
PPFor the average transmitting power of primary user's transmitting terminal, hPSTIndicate channel of the primary user to time user, N0For noise function Rate,For main custom system demand rate,To eavesdrop end user system limiting speed, η is energy conversion efficiency, η ∈ [0, 1], ψ0Indicate time initial energy of user,Time user is represented sequentially as to eavesdropping end, secondary user to k-th Eavesdrop end, secondary user to the channel vector h for receiving userSShSPConjugate transposition, hPP、hPSWithIt respectively indicates primary The channel vector that family is eavesdropped between point to reception user, main system to k-th to reception user, subsystem;nPRWith The additive white Gaussian noise at primary user receiving end, first eavesdropping point and k-th of eavesdropping point is respectively indicated, K is eavesdropping end Number;
Primary user's transmitting terminal is PT in cognition wireless network, secondary user's transmitting terminal is ST, primary user receiving end is PR, secondary use Family receiving end is SR, and the transmission channel of PT to PR is as primary user's system, and the transmission channel of ST to PR is as time custom system, PT Main system is formed to the transmission channel between ST, PR and SR, the transmission channel between ST to PR, SR forms subsystem, and main There are the signals of K-1 legal SR eavesdropping PT and ST in system and the coverage area of subsystem.
Further, described that objective optimisation problems described in step 1 are converted to half using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle Determine relaxation problem to refer to w using Matrix Conjugate transposition principleS、wP、hSShSPIt is converted, appoints and energy is taken to gather in the time Than α, objective optimisation problems are converted into semidefinite decoding problem:
Wherein,βpFor intermediate variable, Wherein Tr () is expressed as the mark of matrix;
Equal intermediate variable,WithRespectively secondary use Family forwards the conjugate transposition of main system beamforming vectors, and subsystem sends the conjugate transposition of beamforming vectors.
Further, use Charnes-Cooper by the semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem:
Wherein, HSS、HSPWSAnd WPIt is intermediate variable, Withλ is relaxation transformation contraction-expansion factor.
Further, as follows for the solution procedure of the convex optimization problem:
Step 1): setting linear search precision Δ α concurrently sets the initial value of energy harvesting time ratio;
The initial value that energy gathers in time ratio is set according to practical application request, and value range 0-1, value is smaller, searches The range of rope is bigger.
Step 2): solving the equation group of convex optimization problem, obtains local optimum solution vector
Step 3): ifWithThen the local optimum solution vector of convex optimization problem is
Otherwise, the optimal solution vector of convex optimization problem isWhereinWithWherein, rank is expressed as rank of matrix;
Step 4): updating search value α=α+Δ α and enter step 5) if α >=1, otherwise, return step 2);
Step 5): substituting into convex optimization problem for all local optimum solution vectors, so that convex optimization problem corresponding time is used Local optimum solution vector and corresponding energy harvesting time ratio when the transmission rate maximum of family system are global optimum's solution vectorIt is rightWithCarry out Eigenvalues Decomposition EVD:Obtain primary user and time The optimal safe rate of user
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of design methods of safe beam forming based on energy harvesting cognition network, first with energy Amount harvesting time ratio as variable, ask by the objective optimization for constructing the peak transfer rate of time custom system in cognition wireless network Topic, and objective optimisation problems is made to meet the secure communication quality of primary user's system and the transmission power satisfaction of subsystem transmitting terminal Subsystem secure communication quality;Secondly, objective optimisation problems described in step 1 are converted using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle For semidefinite decoding problem, use Charnes-Cooper by semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem;Finally by Linear search energy gathers in the time than obtaining globally optimal solution i.e. forwarding beamforming vectors and cognition beamforming vectors, in turn The safe rate for solving primary user and time user, completes the design of the safe beam forming of cognition wireless network.By that will solve After the non-convex optimization problem of time custom system peak transfer rate by converting twice in cognition wireless network, dissolve as convex optimization Problem solving greatly simplifies design process, meanwhile, the solution scheme proposed can not only prevent eavesdropping user to secrecy The intercepting and capturing of information, while it being able to achieve the increase of transmission rate again, effectively raise the performance of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is of the present invention a kind of based on safe beamforming design method process in energy harvesting cognition network Figure;
Fig. 2 is system model;
Fig. 3 is to eavesdrop number of nodes to influence the safe rate of secondary custom system;
Fig. 4 is that the initialization energy in ST influences the safe rate of secondary custom system, (K=2);
Fig. 5 is that the initialization energy in ST influences the safe rate of primary user's system, (K=2).
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with example and attached drawing, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1:
The indoor environment of 2.4GHz band resource is shared by one wireless sensor network of design or WiFi and ZigBee In, wherein WiFi and ZigBee is respectively that primary user and time user carry out data transmission, and emulation tool uses matlab.
As shown in Figure 1, it is a kind of based on energy harvesting cognition network in safe beam forming design method, specifically include with Lower step:
Step 1: using energy harvesting time ratio as optimized variable, optimization mesh being turned to the transmission rate maximum of secondary custom system Mark constructs the safe beamforming design optimization problem based on energy harvesting cognition wireless network, so that primary user's system meets The transmission power of secure communication quality requirement and secondary custom system transmitting terminal meets secure communication limitation.
As shown in Fig. 2, carrying out collaboration communication between a main system and the subsystem of an energy constraint.Main system includes Transmission channel between PT to ST, PR and SR, includes the transmission channel between ST to PR, SR in subsystem, while subsystem Coverage area in there is also the signals that K-1 SR user may eavesdrop PT, it is assumed that ST outfit N root antenna, other terminals match Standby 1 antenna.Within the system, the data that PT sends secrecy are provided after ST receives information using the frequency spectrum of primary user to PR Source carries out relay forwarding, while also sending unclassified data and giving its corresponding receiving end SR.If the transmission energy of ST is too low, The efficiency of collaboration communication will also become very low.Therefore, time conversion relaying (TSR) agreement is used at the end ST, ST is existed The alternate operation of energy harvesting and information processing is carried out in transmission time T.
Therefore it before carrying out collaboration communication, needs to carry out in advance to obtain energy from the transmission of primary user;Simultaneously in number According to the transmission stage, other ZigBee users in effective range may also carry out monitoring decoding to main user data.It is assisted in TSR In view, all times T is divided into three phases, as shown in table 1:
TSR agreement in 1 ST of table
(1) energy gathers in stage α T:
In this stage, PT sends dedicated energy signal xe, energy signal that ST will be received using power conversion circuits Be converted to energy, PR, SR and SRkIt does nothing.At this time according to TSR agreement, the energy ψ of ST harvestinghIt is expressed as
Wherein, η ∈ [0,1] is energy conversion efficiency;PpFor the average transmitting power at the end PT;hPSTIndicate the letter of PT to ST Road vector, since the noise that antenna and rectifier generate is too small, the energy of harvesting is ignored.
(2) information reconnaissance phase (1- α) T/2
In this stage, PT sends confidential information xPTo ST.ST received signal is at this time
Wherein, nSTIt is 0 for mean value, is expressed as white complex gaussian noise, i.e. nST, PR, SR1 and eavesdropping end SRk(k∈{2,..., K }) signal of PT is also received in this stage.PR, SR1 and SR at this timekReceived signal is respectively
Wherein, hPP, hPSWithRespectively indicate PT to PR, SR1 and k-th of eavesdropping point SRkChannel vector, nPR,Respectively indicate PR, SR1 and k-th of eavesdropping point SRkThe additive white Gaussian noise at place.ST is sharp by received primary user's signal Forwarding (amplify-and-forward, AF) is amplified with maximum-ratio combing (maximal ratio combining, MRC) Processing, therefore signal to be sent is expressed as
(3) information re-transmission stage (1- α) T/2:
In this stage, ST uses remaining energy ψ0With the energy ψ of harvestingh, and using forwarding beamforming vectors wPWith Recognize beamforming vectors wS, the confidential information of simultaneous transmission primary user and the information of their own.At this point, PR, SR1 and SRkIt receives Signal be respectively as follows:
Wherein, hSP, hSSWithRespectively indicate ST to PR, SR and k-th of eavesdropping point SRkChannel vector,
Then objective function is established, the objective function for combining safe beam forming optimization design is that maximized realization is secondary The transmission rate of user, while guaranteeing that PU meets security restriction and the transmission power limit of ST in qualified function.Therefore, combine Optimization problem (P1) formula indicates are as follows:
Step 2: objective optimisation problems described in step 1 being converted into semidefinite decoding using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle Problem uses Charnes-Cooper by semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem;
It can be seen that the realization and primary user's system of the peak transfer rate of time custom system from the above combined optimization problem Demand rateEavesdrop end user system limiting speedAnd initialization energy is related to harvesting energy.Analyze (P1) it is found that Combined optimization problem (P1) is non-convex optimization problem, can not obtain simultaneously and forward main system beamforming vectors for secondary user wP, beamforming vectors w is sent for subsystemSThe optimization solution of time ratio α is gathered in, with energy in order to solve non-convex combined optimization Problem (P1), which is first appointed, takes energy to gather in time ratio α, and optimization problem is converted to semidefinite decoding (SDR) problem.It is assumed that energy gathers in Time ratioConstant between 0-1, by variable wPIt is expressed as
DefinitionWithProblem (P1) relaxation problem (P2) can indicate are as follows:
Wherein,
Objective function in problem (P2) is fractional form, therefore can be converted using Charnes-Cooper, is enabledWithBy relaxation problem (P2) etc. Effect is (P3)
Step 3: the time being gathered in than obtaining globally optimal solution by linear search energy, the globally optimal solution is including forwarding Beamforming vectors and cognition beamforming vectors, and then the safe rate of primary user and time user are solved, complete cognition wireless The design of the safe beam forming of network;
Step 1): setting linear search precision Δ α=0.01, concurrently set energy harvesting time ratio initial value α= 0.1;
Step 2): solving the equation group of convex optimization problem, obtains local optimum solution vector
Step 3): ifWithThen the local optimum solution vector of convex optimization problem is
Otherwise, the optimal solution vector of convex optimization problem isWhereinWith
Step 4): updating search value α=α+Δ α and enter step 5) if α >=1, otherwise, return step 2);
Step 5): substituting into convex optimization problem for all local optimum solution vectors, so that convex optimization problem corresponding time is used Local optimum solution vector and corresponding energy harvesting time ratio when the transmission rate maximum of family system are global optimum's solution vectorIt is rightWithCarry out Eigenvalues Decomposition EVD:Obtain primary user and time The optimal safe rate of user
In the environment of simulation, it is assumed that the signal transmitting power P of PTPRemaining energy ψ in=20dB, ST0=10dB, hair Channel model between sending end and receiving end isD indicates distance, and μ=3.5 indicates path loss index, ω clothes From [0,2 π) be uniformly distributed.Noise normalized covariance N0=1.It is assumed that the antenna number N=4 in ST, from ST to other terminals Distance be 2m, the distance of PT to PR is 4m;PR minimum essential requirement rateSRkIt monitors needed for primary user's signal most Small rate
Step 4: finding eavesdropping number of nodes influences the safe rate of secondary custom system.
Fig. 3 is indicated under different-energy transfer efficiency, eavesdrops node SRkThe increase of quantity is to secondary custom system security performance Influence.From the figure, it can be seen that the safe rate of secondary custom system is reduced with the increase of eavesdropping number of nodes.Meanwhile it is secondary The safe transmission rate of user is reduced with the reduction of energy conversion efficiency η, but the security performance of prioritization scheme still better than Security performance when noenergy is gathered in.Work as ψ0=0dB, η=0.8, when 0.5,0.3, when safe rate is gathered in than noenergy Safe rate is higher by about 0.85bit/s/Hz, 0.67bit/s/Hz and 0.5bit/s/Hz respectively.
Step 5: the initialization energy found in ST influences the safe rate of secondary custom system, K=2.
Fig. 4 illustrates that at eavesdropping number of nodes K=2 and different energy conversion efficiencies, the initialization energy of ST is to secondary use The influence of the safe rate of family system.It can be seen from the figure that the safe rate of secondary custom system is with ST initialization energy Increase and increases.In lower initialization energy range, secondary custom system security performance is substantially better than time when noenergy harvesting The security performance of custom system.Even if when energy conversion efficiency η=0.3, the safe rate of secondary user is received still better than noenergy The safe rate cut.When initialization energy is in higher range, the secondary user security rate of noenergy harvesting is close to energy Measure the secondary user security rate of harvesting.
Step 6: the initialization energy found in ST influences the safe rate of primary user's system, K=2.
Fig. 5 illustrates that at eavesdropping number of nodes K=2 and different energy conversion efficiencies, the initialization energy of ST is to primary The influence of the safe rate of family system.The wherein safe rate demand of primary user's systemIt can from Fig. 5 Out, in low initialization energy range (0dB-10dB), as scheme η=0.3 proposed by the present invention and noenergy harvesting feelings Under condition, the safe rate of PU is unable to meet demand.As energy conversion efficiency η=0.5,0.8, the safe rate of primary user PU The demand of safe rate is all satisfied in entirely initialization energy range.With the increase of initialization energy, gathered in using energy When PU safe rate with do not use energy harvesting when PU safe rate move closer to.Thus illustrate in lower relay transmission Under energy, the transmission rate of PU will receive serious influence;With the promotion of energy conversion efficiency, the transmission energy of relaying also can Increase, therefore also primary user's rate can be made to meet transmission demand in lower initialization energy range.
Although the present invention has been presented for some embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that Without departing from the spirit of the invention, the embodiments herein can be changed, above-described embodiment is only exemplary, It should not be using the embodiments herein as the restriction of interest field of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. it is a kind of based on energy harvesting cognition wireless network safe beam forming design method, which is characterized in that including with Lower step:
Step 1: using energy harvesting time ratio as optimized variable, turning to optimization aim with the transmission rate maximum of secondary custom system, The safe beamforming design optimization problem based on energy harvesting cognition wireless network is constructed, so that primary user's system meets safety The transmission power of QoS requirement and secondary custom system transmitting terminal meets secure communication limitation;
Step 2: objective optimisation problems described in step 1 are converted into semidefinite decoding using Matrix Conjugate transposition principle and are asked Topic, uses Charnes-Cooper by semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem;
Step 3: the time is gathered in than acquisition globally optimal solution by linear search energy, the globally optimal solution includes time user It forwards main system beamforming vectors and subsystem to send beamforming vectors, and then solves the safety speed of primary user and time user Rate completes the design of the safe beam forming of cognition wireless network;
Objective optimisation problems are as follows in the step 1:
s.t.
C1:
C2:
C3:
C4:0≤α < 1
Wherein, T is expressed as the overall process time of cooperative cognitive wireless network, and α is that energy gathers in time ratio, wPFor secondary user forwarding Main system beamforming vectors, wSBeamforming vectors are sent for subsystem;
PPFor the average transmitting power of primary user's transmitting terminal, hPSTIndicate channel of the primary user to time user, N0For noise power, For main custom system demand rate,To eavesdrop end user system limiting speed, η is energy conversion efficiency, η ∈ [0,1], ψ0Table Show time initial energy of user,Be represented sequentially as time user to eavesdropping end, secondary user to k-th eavesdrop end, Channel vector h of the secondary user to reception userSS、hSSk、hSPConjugate transposition, hPP、hPSAnd hPSkPrimary user is respectively indicated to reception User, subsystem to reception user, main system to the channel vector between k-th of eavesdropping point;K is eavesdropping end number;
Primary user's transmitting terminal is PT in cognition wireless network, secondary user's transmitting terminal is ST, primary user receiving end is PR, and secondary user connects The transmission channel of receiving end SR, PT to PR as primary user's system, the transmission channel of ST to PR as time custom system, PT to ST, Transmission channel between PR and SR forms main system, and the transmission channel between ST to PR, SR forms subsystem, and main system with There are the signals of K-1 legal SR eavesdropping PT and ST in the coverage area of subsystem;
Objective optimisation problems described in step 1 are converted to semidefinite decoding problem by the utilization Matrix Conjugate transposition principle is Refer to and utilizes Matrix Conjugate transposition principle by wS、wP、hSShSPIt is converted, appoints and energy is taken to gather in time ratio α, target is excellent Change problem is converted to semidefinite decoding problem:
s.t.
C1:
C2:
C3:
Wherein, Wherein Tr () is expressed as the mark of matrix,βpFor intermediate variable;
Equal intermediate variable,With Respectively secondary use Family forwards the conjugate transposition of main system beamforming vectors, and subsystem sends the conjugate transposition of beamforming vectors;
Use Charnes-Cooper by the semidefinite decoding problem equivalency transform for convex optimization problem:
s.t.
C1:Tr(HSSWP)+λN0=1
C2:
C3:
C4:
C5:WP≥0,WS≥0,λ≥0
Wherein, HSS、HSPWSAnd WPIt is intermediate variable, Withλ is relaxation transformation contraction-expansion factor;
It is as follows for the solution procedure of the convex optimization problem:
Step 1): setting linear search precision Δ α concurrently sets the initial value of energy harvesting time ratio;
Step 2): solving the equation group of convex optimization problem, obtains local optimum solution vector
Step 3): ifWithThen the local optimum solution vector of convex optimization problem is
Otherwise, the optimal solution vector of convex optimization problem isWhereinWithWherein, rank is expressed as rank of matrix;
Step 4): updating search value α=α+Δ α and enter step 5) if α >=1, otherwise, return step 2);
Step 5): substituting into convex optimization problem for all local optimum solution vectors, so that the corresponding secondary user system of convex optimization problem Local optimum solution vector and corresponding energy harvesting time ratio when the transmission rate maximum of system are global optimum's solution vectorIt is rightWithCarry out Eigenvalues Decomposition EVD:Obtain primary user and time The optimal safe rate of user
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