CN106712253B - Device and method for monitoring and inhibiting potential induced attenuation effect for photovoltaic power station - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring and inhibiting potential induced attenuation effect for photovoltaic power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN106712253B CN106712253B CN201710014111.1A CN201710014111A CN106712253B CN 106712253 B CN106712253 B CN 106712253B CN 201710014111 A CN201710014111 A CN 201710014111A CN 106712253 B CN106712253 B CN 106712253B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for monitoring and inhibiting potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station, wherein the photovoltaic power station comprises a photovoltaic group string and a battery module, and the device comprises: the charging control module is used for controlling the photovoltaic group string to charge the battery module; the discharging control module is used for controlling the battery module to apply reverse voltage to the photovoltaic string when potential induced attenuation PID effect occurs; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring voltage data of the photovoltaic string and electric quantity conditions of the battery module; the clock module is used for collecting the current time of the system; and the control operation processing module is used for analyzing and processing according to the data acquired by the data acquisition module and the clock module, so as to control the start and stop of the charge control module and the discharge control module. The invention also provides a method for monitoring and inhibiting the potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station. The invention has simple structure, small volume and low cost, and can effectively monitor and inhibit the PID effect of the photovoltaic power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for monitoring and inhibiting potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station and a testing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of new energy utilization.
Background
With the development of new energy, the photovoltaic power generation system is widely applied, but the phenomenon that the generated energy of part of photovoltaic power stations is obviously reduced after the photovoltaic power stations are operated for 3-4 years or even shorter is particularly obvious in high-temperature and high-humidity areas.
Potential Induced Decay (PID) was first discovered by Sunpower corporation in 2005. PID means that under the action of long-term high voltage, leakage current exists between glass and packaging materials, so that the performance of the component is lower than the design standard. Research of the American renewable energy laboratory and Solon company shows that PID phenomenon exists in the preparation and composition of the P-type crystalline silicon cell under negative bias. PID phenomena can attenuate monolithic component power by more than 50%. Numerous studies have shown that the power attenuation of components is most severe in high temperature, high humidity and high saline-alkali areas and coastal areas, and that the reasons for the PID phenomenon of the components are mainly 3 aspects except for external environmental factors: system aspects, component aspects, and battery slice aspects. Component PID phenomena caused by potential differences between component rims and the interior of components in photovoltaic power plants have been recognized by the industry. The PID effect can cause the power attenuation of the photovoltaic module, so that the generated energy of the photovoltaic power station is greatly reduced, and the great economic loss is caused, so that the PID effect of the power station module is significant to the photovoltaic industry.
Aiming at the reason of potential induced attenuation, for an unworn photovoltaic power station, PID-resistant materials and processes are generally adopted to reduce the risk of PID phenomenon of the component, and in addition, the mode of grounding the negative electrode of the component is adopted, so that the direct current input end of the grid-connected inverter has a certain limitation, because the direct current input end of the grid-connected inverter must have the function of grounding the negative electrode, and if the grid-connected inverter adopted by the system is non-isolated, the component array and the power grid are not electrically isolated, the risk of leakage current occurs to the system when the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter works, and the leakage protection function is triggered; moreover, when the negative electrode of the component is grounded, direct current side leakage may be caused, and thus, an additional leakage detection and protection device must be added to prevent the risk.
If PID phenomenon occurs in the built photovoltaic power station, the components with serious power attenuation are generally required to be replaced, or a battery array negative electrode grounding measure is required to remove the bias voltage. Both of these measures require extensive modification of the system, such as the use of higher withstand voltage dc distribution cables, the addition of leakage protection devices and even the replacement of grid-connected inverters, which requires significant modification costs.
Chinese patent CN 103795341A discloses a method for testing PID attenuation resistance of a photovoltaic module, which comprises constructing a climate chamber for testing PID attenuation resistance of the photovoltaic module, performing reinforced simulation on environmental conditions of PID attenuation resistance of the photovoltaic module in the climate chamber, and improving PID attenuation rate of the photovoltaic module; and calculating the PID attenuation resistance of the photovoltaic module by utilizing the power change before and after PID attenuation of the photovoltaic module. Chinese patent CN 204794877U discloses a PID effect suppressor, which comprises a sampling processing circuit for PV voltage, output voltage and output current to a solar panel, the sampling processing circuit is connected with an operation control circuit, and the operation control circuit is connected with a voltage loading control circuit through an optocoupler isolation circuit.
Neither of the above patents relates to monitoring of PID effects in photovoltaic power plants and no structural details and implementation of the PID device are given. Currently, there is no disclosure concerning the use of devices capable of monitoring and suppressing the PID effect on strings in photovoltaic plants, nor is there any such product in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to monitor and inhibit the PID effect of the photovoltaic power station, so as to inhibit the PID effect of the power station in time and avoid the loss of the power station due to the PID effect.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic power station includes a photovoltaic string and a battery module, and the device is characterized in that the device includes:
the charging control module is used for controlling the photovoltaic group string to charge the battery module;
the discharging control module is used for controlling the battery module to apply reverse voltage to the photovoltaic string when the potential induced attenuation effect occurs;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage, the grounding voltage and the electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic string;
the clock module is used for collecting the current time of the system;
and the control operation processing module is used for analyzing and processing according to the data acquired by the data acquisition module and the clock module, so as to control the start and stop of the charge control module and the discharge control module.
Preferably, the photovoltaic group string and the battery module are both connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module, the photovoltaic group string is also connected with the data acquisition module, the clock module and the battery module are both connected with the control operation processing module, and the control operation processing module is also connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module.
Preferably, the control operation processing module is a DSP control board.
Preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the photovoltaic string are connected with a charging control module through a switch K1, and the charging control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K3; the output negative electrode and the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic string are connected with a discharge control module through a switch K2, and the discharge control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K4; the data acquisition module is connected with the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string, the grounding electrode and the battery module; the control operation processing module is connected with the data acquisition module, the battery module, the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K3, the switch K4 and the clock module.
Preferably, the switch K1 and the switch K2 are connected by adopting a time-controlled interlocking switch component to realize interlocking control; at night, K1 is opened, and K2 is closed; during daytime, K2 is open and K1 is closed.
Preferably, the charging control module is a buck charging circuit, and comprises a MOSFET Q1, wherein a source electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with an anode of an output end of the switch K1, a drain electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with a cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1 and an anode of an input end of the switch K3, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with an anode of the input end of the switch K3, an anode of the diode D1 and an anode of the output end of the switch K1; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the photovoltaic string; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K3 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
Preferably, the discharging control module is a boost conversion circuit, and comprises a capacitor C2, wherein one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K2, the collector of the IGBT tube Q2 and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K4, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the switch K2 and the negative electrode of the diode D2, the positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected with the emitter of the IGBT tube Q2 and one end of the inductor L2, and the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the switch K4; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K2 are respectively connected with the output negative electrode PV-and the grounding PE of the photovoltaic string, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K4 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
The invention also provides a method for monitoring and inhibiting potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station, which is characterized in that: the device for monitoring and inhibiting the potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station comprises the following steps:
the data acquisition module acquires the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage, the grounding voltage and the electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic string in real time and sends the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage and the electric quantity condition to the control operation processing module; the clock module collects the current time of the system in real time and sends the current time to the control operation processing module;
if the current time is at night, the photovoltaic string theoretically does not generate voltage, and the charging control module does not work; if the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the grounding exceeds the set PID level monitoring limit value, the PID effect of the photovoltaic power station is considered to exist, and the reverse voltage is applied to the photovoltaic string through the discharge control module to repair the photovoltaic string, so that the PID effect is restrained;
if the current time is daytime, the photovoltaic string generates electricity and generates voltage, and the discharge control module does not work; if the voltage difference between the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string is in the charging range of the battery module and the electric quantity of the battery module is in an underfilling state, starting the charging control module to charge the battery module; the data acquisition module monitors the electric quantity of the battery module in real time, and when the battery module is full, the charging is stopped.
Preferably, the method for determining the current time as night or day is as follows: setting a time range to be at night, collecting the current time of the system through the clock module, comparing the collected time with the set time range, and if the collected time is within the set time range, considering the time to be at night, otherwise, judging the time to be at daytime.
Preferably, the method for repairing the photovoltaic string by applying the reverse voltage through the discharge control module is as follows: after the discharge control module applies reverse voltage to the photovoltaic string for a set time, the discharge control module is closed, the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the ground is collected again, and if the voltage difference is still larger than the PID level monitoring limit value, the discharge control module is opened again to repair the applied directional voltage of the photovoltaic module; repeating the operation until the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the ground is lower than or equal to the PID level monitoring limit value, and keeping the discharge control module in a closed state.
Compared with the prior art, the device for monitoring and inhibiting the potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device has the function of monitoring the PID level, can monitor the PID level in the power station in time, and can monitor the power station by automatically setting the parameter value of the device. Through PID monitoring of the power station, the problems of the power station are found in time, and the group string PID effect is repaired. The suppression device is not adopted until the power station is found that the power generation efficiency is actually reduced and the income is influenced.
2. The device adopts lithium battery charging and discharging, has small volume, simple structure and convenient installation, and is suitable for various power stations. For the built power stations, the layout and connection modes of different power stations are different for various reasons. If the device takes a point from a grid connection point of a power station, a long power taking line may be required, and installation cost is increased. The PID control device can realize the control of PID effect to the greatest extent under the condition of not changing any loop. The application range is wide, and the cost is lower. For the construction of a power station, the cost of the device is lower than for a scheme that uses high-performance encapsulation materials to prevent the PID effect. Compared with the scheme of adopting the PV negative bus to be grounded to inhibit the PID effect, the device is not only applicable to isolated photovoltaic systems, but also applicable to non-isolated photovoltaic systems, and has wide application range and higher safety.
3. The device adopts the compensation recovery to the photovoltaic string, and can perform optimized compensation. In the photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic modules used in each group string have certain difference, the PID effect of each group string is different after the photovoltaic modules are used for a period of time, the optimization can be realized to the greatest extent by monitoring and compensating the actual condition of each group string, the condition and the occurrence time of the PID effect of each group string can be analyzed, and the problems in the photovoltaic group string can be found as early as possible for processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power station according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the device for monitoring and suppressing the potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station according to the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power station according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a device for monitoring and suppressing a potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station according to the present embodiment, where the device for monitoring and suppressing a potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station mainly includes: the device comprises a charging control module, a discharging control module, a clock module, a data acquisition module, a control operation processing module, a battery module and the like. The photovoltaic group string and the battery module are both connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module, the photovoltaic group string is also connected with the data acquisition module, the clock module and the battery module are both connected with the control operation processing module, and the control operation processing module is connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module. The control operation processing module is used for monitoring and inhibiting the PID effect, and the battery module is used for supplying power to the control operation processing module.
The data acquisition module acquires the output positive pole PV+ voltage, the output negative pole PV-voltage, the grounding PE voltage and the electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic string in real time and sends the electric quantity condition to the control operation processing module.
The clock module obtains the current time of the system and sends the current time to the control operation processing module.
The control operation processing module adopts a DSP control board to realize analysis operation of the system, so as to control the starting and closing of each module.
Referring to fig. 2, if the current time is at night, the photovoltaic string theoretically generates no voltage, and the charge control module does not operate. If the voltage difference between the output negative pole PV-of the photovoltaic string and the grounding PE exceeds the set PID level monitoring limit value, the PID effect of the photovoltaic power station is considered to exist, and the reverse voltage is applied to the photovoltaic string through the discharge control module to repair, so that the PID effect is restrained.
If the current time is daytime, the photovoltaic string generates electricity and generates voltage, and the discharge control module does not work. If the voltage difference between the output positive pole PV+ and the output negative pole PV-of the photovoltaic string is suitable for the charging range of the battery module, and the electric quantity of the battery module is in an underfill state, the battery module is charged through the charging control module. The data acquisition module monitors the electric quantity of the battery module in real time, and when the battery module is full, the charging is stopped.
The method for determining the current time as night or day is as follows: setting a time range to be night, acquiring the current time of the system through a clock module, comparing the acquired time with the set time range, and if the acquired time is within the set time range, considering that the system is at night, otherwise, judging that the system is at daytime.
With reference to fig. 3, the device for monitoring and suppressing the potential induced attenuation effect for a photovoltaic power station provided in this embodiment is mainly applied to a photovoltaic power station, and the device can be connected to a junction device of a photovoltaic string, as shown in fig. 3, a positive electrode of the junction device is connected to pv+, a negative electrode of the junction device is connected to PV-, and a PE is connected to an outer frame of the assembly to be grounded.
The output positive pole and the output negative pole of the photovoltaic string are connected with a charging control module through a switch K1, and the charging control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K3; the output negative electrode and the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic string are connected with a discharge control module through a switch K2, and the discharge control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K4; the data acquisition module is connected with the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string, the grounding electrode and the battery module; the control operation processing module is connected with the data acquisition module, the battery module, the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K3, the switch K4 and the clock module.
The switch K1 and the switch K2 are connected by adopting a precise time control interlocking switch component, so that interlocking control is realized. At night, K1 is opened, and K2 is closed; during daytime, K2 is open and K1 is closed.
The charging control module is a step-down charging circuit and comprises a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) Q1, wherein a source electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with an anode of an output end of a switch K1, a drain electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with a cathode of a diode D1 and one end of an inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1 and an anode of an input end of the switch K3, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with an anode of the input end of the switch K3, an anode of the diode D1 and an anode of the output end of the switch K1; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the photovoltaic string; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K3 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
In the charge control module, the diode D1 plays a role of freewheeling, and provides a freewheeling role for the current of the inductor L1 when the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 is used for energy transfer, and the capacitor C1 is a filter capacitor.
The discharging control module is a boost conversion circuit (boost) and comprises a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K2, the collector of the IGBT tube Q2 and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K4, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the switch K2 and the negative electrode of the diode D2, the positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected with the emitter of the IGBT tube Q2 and one end of the inductor L2, and the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the switch K4; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K2 are respectively connected with the output negative electrode PV-and the grounding PE of the photovoltaic string, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K4 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
In the discharging control module, the diode D2 plays a role in freewheeling, and provides a freewheeling role for the current of the inductor L2 when the IGBT tube Q2 is turned off, the inductor L2 is used for energy transfer, and the capacitor C2 is a filter capacitor.
After the device is started, the first step needs to set parameters of the system, including time range parameters, PID level monitoring limit values and the like. Setting is carried out according to the conventional monitoring data, the geographical position of the photovoltaic power station, the system characteristics and the like.
The plant is then monitored for PID conditions. The data acquisition module is used for acquiring data of the photovoltaic power station, and comprises an output positive pole PV+ voltage, an output negative pole PV-voltage, a grounding PE voltage and an electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic group string. And after the data acquisition is completed, acquiring the system time through a clock module.
If at night, the string of photovoltaic cells theoretically does not generate electricity, switch K1 of the device is open, switch K2 is closed, and switch K3 is open. Comparing the collected voltage difference between the output negative pole PV-and the grounding PE with a PID level monitoring limit value set by the system: if the PID level monitoring limit value is lower than the PID level monitoring limit value, the photovoltaic power station is considered to have no PID effect, and the switch K4 is disconnected; if the voltage is higher than the PID level monitoring limit value, the PID effect exists in the photovoltaic power station, the switch K4 is closed, the discharge control module is started, and the applied directional voltage of the photovoltaic string is repaired. After pressurization for 1 hour, a switch K4 is opened, the voltage difference between the output negative pole PV-and the grounding PE is collected again, if the voltage difference is still larger than the PID level monitoring limit value, the switch K4 is closed again, and the applied directional voltage of the photovoltaic module is repaired; if it is already below or equal to the PID level monitoring limit, the switch K4 remains open.
If during the day, the string of photovoltaic cells generates electricity and produces a voltage, switch K1 is closed, switch K2 is open, and switch K4 is open. The control operation processing module analyzes the output positive pole PV+ voltage and the output negative pole PV-voltage of the actually collected photovoltaic string, and if the voltage value of the photovoltaic string is suitable for the charging range of the battery module, and the battery data collected by the data collection module indicate that the battery electric quantity is in an unfilled state, the switch K3 is closed, and the photovoltaic string charges the battery module through the charging control module. The data acquisition module monitors the electric quantity of the battery in real time, and when the battery shows a full state, the switch K3 is disconnected.
According to the invention, PID (proportion integration differentiation) monitoring is carried out on the component at night according to the ionization reversible principle, and the method for repairing ionization is carried out by applying direct current voltage between the electrode and the frame of the component according to the monitored condition, so that the aim of repairing the PID of the component is fulfilled on the premise of not influencing the power generation of the system. A series of experiments prove that the device for monitoring and inhibiting the potential induced attenuation effect for the photovoltaic power station provided by the embodiment can enable the components with the PID phenomenon to be recovered to be normal.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant, the photovoltaic power plant comprising a string of photovoltaic strings and a battery module, the apparatus comprising:
the charging control module is used for controlling the photovoltaic group string to charge the battery module;
the discharging control module is used for controlling the battery module to apply reverse voltage to the photovoltaic string when the potential induced attenuation effect occurs;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage, the grounding voltage and the electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic string;
the clock module is used for collecting the current time of the system;
the control operation processing module is used for analyzing and processing according to the data acquired by the data acquisition module and the clock module, so as to control the start and stop of the charge control module and the discharge control module; the photovoltaic group string and the battery module are connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module, the photovoltaic group string is also connected with the data acquisition module, the clock module and the battery module are connected with the control operation processing module, and the control operation processing module is also connected with the charging control module and the discharging control module; the control operation processing module is a DSP control board.
2. A device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the photovoltaic string are connected with a charging control module through a switch K1, and the charging control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K3; the output negative electrode and the grounding electrode of the photovoltaic string are connected with a discharge control module through a switch K2, and the discharge control module is connected with a battery module through a switch K4; the data acquisition module is connected with the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string, the grounding electrode and the battery module; the control operation processing module is connected with the data acquisition module, the battery module, the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K3, the switch K4 and the clock module.
3. A device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the switch K1 is connected with the switch K2 by adopting a time-controlled interlocking switch component to realize interlocking control; at night, K1 is opened, and K2 is closed; during daytime, K2 is open and K1 is closed.
4. A device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the charging control module is a step-down charging circuit and comprises a MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) Q1, wherein a source electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with an anode of an output end of a switch K1, a drain electrode of the MOSFET Q1 is connected with a cathode of a diode D1 and one end of an inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with one end of a capacitor C1 and an anode of an input end of the switch K3, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with an anode of an input end of the switch K3, an anode of the diode D1 and an anode of an output end of the switch K1; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K1 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the photovoltaic string; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K3 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
5. A device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects in a photovoltaic power plant as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: the discharging control module is a boost conversion circuit and comprises a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K2, the collector of the IGBT tube Q2 and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K4, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end of the switch K2 and the negative electrode of the diode D2, the positive electrode of the diode D2 is connected with the emitter of the IGBT tube Q2 and one end of the inductor L2, and the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the switch K4; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the input end of the switch K2 are respectively connected with the output negative electrode PV-and the grounding PE of the photovoltaic string, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the switch K4 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module.
6. A method for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant, characterized by: the device for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effect for use in a photovoltaic power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
the data acquisition module acquires the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage, the grounding voltage and the electric quantity condition of the battery module of the photovoltaic string in real time and sends the output positive voltage, the output negative voltage and the electric quantity condition to the control operation processing module; the clock module collects the current time of the system in real time and sends the current time to the control operation processing module;
if the current time is at night, the photovoltaic string theoretically does not generate voltage, and the charging control module does not work; if the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the grounding exceeds the set PID level monitoring limit value, the PID effect of the photovoltaic power station is considered to exist, and the reverse voltage is applied to the photovoltaic string through the discharge control module to repair the photovoltaic string, so that the PID effect is restrained;
if the current time is daytime, the photovoltaic string generates electricity and generates voltage, and the discharge control module does not work; if the voltage difference between the output positive electrode and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string is in the charging range of the battery module and the electric quantity of the battery module is in an underfilling state, starting the charging control module to charge the battery module; the data acquisition module monitors the electric quantity of the battery module in real time, and when the battery module is full, the charging is stopped.
7. A method of monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects in a photovoltaic power plant according to claim 6, wherein the method of determining the current time as night or day is as follows: setting a time range to be at night, collecting the current time of the system through the clock module, comparing the collected time with the set time range, and if the collected time is within the set time range, considering the time to be at night, otherwise, judging the time to be at daytime.
8. The method for monitoring and suppressing potential induced attenuation effects for a photovoltaic power plant according to claim 6, wherein said repairing by applying reverse voltages to the photovoltaic string by the discharge control module is as follows: after the discharge control module applies reverse voltage to the photovoltaic string for a set time, the discharge control module is closed, the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the ground is collected again, and if the voltage difference is still larger than the PID level monitoring limit value, the discharge control module is opened again to repair the applied directional voltage of the photovoltaic module; repeating the operation until the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic string and the ground is lower than or equal to the PID level monitoring limit value, and keeping the discharge control module in a closed state.
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