CN106712200B - Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor - Google Patents
Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106712200B CN106712200B CN201710048591.3A CN201710048591A CN106712200B CN 106712200 B CN106712200 B CN 106712200B CN 201710048591 A CN201710048591 A CN 201710048591A CN 106712200 B CN106712200 B CN 106712200B
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
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- LPCQOONMZQYYDO-RKVQIRNHSA-M CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=NC(=CS2)/C=C/C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CS(=O)(=O)[O-])CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)[C@@H](C)CC.[Na+] Chemical compound CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C2=NC(=CS2)/C=C/C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)CS(=O)(=O)[O-])CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)[C@@H](C)CC.[Na+] LPCQOONMZQYYDO-RKVQIRNHSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H02J7/0021—
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- H02J7/0026—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile starting power supply based on a super capacitor, which comprises a main control circuit, a charging input interface, a boosting circuit, an energy storage module and an output circuit, wherein the main control circuit is connected with the charging input interface; the boost circuit is controlled by the main control circuit; an external power supply charges the energy storage module through the charging input interface and the boost circuit; the output circuit is provided with a relay controlled by the main control circuit; the energy storage module is based on a super capacitor; the energy storage module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in series, and the number of the super capacitors is 2-10. The super capacitor is adopted as an energy storage module by the automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor, and the safety and the reliability are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to an automobile starting power supply based on a super capacitor.
Background
When an external circuit is used for charging an energy storage module of the automobile starting power supply, if the current is too large, the battery and a circuit board can be damaged, and the explosion of the battery can be easily caused, so that the automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor has higher safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a super-capacitor-based automobile starting power supply, which adopts a super capacitor as an energy storage module and has high safety and reliability.
The technical proposal of the invention is as follows:
a super capacitor-based automobile starting power supply comprises a main control circuit, a charging input interface, a boosting circuit, an energy storage module and an output circuit;
the boost circuit is controlled by the main control circuit;
an external power supply charges the energy storage module through the charging input interface and the boost circuit;
the output circuit is provided with a relay controlled by the main control circuit;
the energy storage module is based on a super capacitor; the energy storage module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in series, and the number of the super capacitors is 2-10.
Each super capacitor is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch, and the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series.
The resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1.
A socket is short-circuited at the connecting point of the adjacent super capacitors, and the socket is a CON4P-600A type 4-pin socket.
The charging input interface is at least one of an automobile storage battery electricity taking interface, a USB charging interface, a dry battery charging interface and an automobile cigar lighter interface.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises an LED driving circuit;
the LED driving circuit comprises an illumination type LED lamp (D15), a red LED indicator lamp, a green LED indicator lamp and a switching device (Q5);
the positive electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is connected with the positive electrode (5V-VDD) of a direct current power supply through a first current limiting resistor; the negative electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is grounded through a switching device; the control end of the switching device is connected with an LED control port (CTL-LED) through a resistor R11;
the anodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are short-circuited and then connected with the anode (5V-VDD) of the direct current power supply through a second current limiting resistor (R53);
the cathodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are respectively connected with a red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and a green LED lamp control port (LED-G).
The switching device is an N-MOS tube; the D pole of the N-MOS tube is connected with the negative pole of the illumination type LED lamp; the S electrode of the N-MOS tube is grounded (SGND); the G electrode of the N-MOS tube is connected with a resistor R11; the model of the N-MOS tube is 2N7002K.
The switch device is an NPN triode; the C electrode of the triode is connected with the cathode of the illumination type LED lamp; e pole of triode is grounded (SGND); the B pole of the triode is connected with a resistor R11;
the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp adopt a bicolor LED lamp (D4); the first current limiting resistor is 50 ohms, the second current limiting resistor (R53) is 2.4 Kohms, and the resistor R11 is 1 Kohms; the DC power supply positive electrode is 3.3V.
The output circuit is provided with a relay driving circuit, and the relay driving circuit comprises a relay and a first driving module;
the first driving module comprises a first control signal input circuit and 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13;
the first control signal input circuit comprises resistors R52 and R19 connected in series; the first end of the resistor R52 is connected with a control signal CTL-START; the second end of the resistor R52 is grounded through a resistor R19; g poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are short-circuited to the connection point of the resistors R52 and R19; the S poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are grounded; the first coil of the relay is connected between the D poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 and the positive pole BAT+ of the energy storage power supply.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises a detection circuit, wherein the detection circuit comprises a temperature detection branch, a power supply voltage detection branch and an A/D converter; the A/D converter is a multichannel A/D converter; the output end of the A/D converter outputs detection result data;
in the temperature detection branch, a thermistor RT1 is connected with a power supply voltage (5V-VDD), the thermistor RT1 is connected with a resistor R22 in series, and the resistor R22 is grounded; the connection point (V07) of the thermistor RT1 and the resistor R22 is connected with the first analog signal input port (AN 1) of the A/D converter;
in the power supply voltage detection branch, the power supply voltage Vout+ is grounded through resistors R66 and R67 which are sequentially connected in series; the junction (V06) of the resistors R66 and R67 is connected to the second analog signal input port (AN 2) of the a/D converter.
The detection circuit comprises a switch detection branch; in the switch detection branch, the power supply voltage (5V-VDD) is grounded through a resistor R89, a switch SW1 and a resistor R21 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point (CLK) of the resistor R89 and the switch SW1 is connected with the clock signal end (CLK/P2.1) of the A/D converter;
the main control circuit adopts an SC8F2712 chip; the booster circuit uses FP5139 chips.
The booster circuit adopts an FP5139 type integrated chip.
The dry battery charging interface is connected with a dry battery cabin, and 3-5 dry batteries with the voltage of 1.5V can be accommodated in the dry battery cabin.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises a counter voltage protection circuit connected with the main control circuit.
3 control ends: the control output ends of the CTL-CHG, the CTL-INA and the CTL-INB come from the MCU, and specifically, the circuit works as follows:
CTL-INA: when the voltage is high, the energy storage module is charged by external voltage directly through human electrons due to the fact that the voltage is low through the Q3 and CTL-A, and the Q14 is conducted This is the first phase of charging;
CTL-INB: when the voltage is high, CTL-B obtains low level after passing through Q7, so that Q8 is conducted, and the external voltage is conducted to U9;
CTL-CHG: when the voltage is high, the voltage is low after Q12, the potential of the CTL end of U9d is pulled down when EN-19V is obtained, U9 enters a normal working mode, and constant voltage is output to charge the energy storage module.
At a high level of CTL-CHG, the CTL-INA is required to be at a low level, and an alternate mode of operation is employed.
The beneficial effects are that:
the super capacitor-based automobile starting power supply has the following characteristics:
(1) A super capacitor or a plurality of super capacitors connected in series are adopted as an energy storage module;
the energy storage circuit of the mobile power supply based on the super capacitor is completely different from the energy storage module of the lithium ion battery, and the super capacitor has high safety, no explosion risk and long service life; the energy storage circuit of the mobile power supply based on the super capacitor has the following characteristics:
(a) The charging speed is high, and the charging time is 10 seconds to 10 minutes, so that the rated capacity of the battery can reach more than 95 percent;
(b) The cycle service life is long, the number of times of deep charge and discharge cycle use can reach 1-50 ten thousand times, and no memory effect exists;
(c) The large current discharge capacity is super strong, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the process loss is small, and the large current energy circulation efficiency is more than or equal to 90%;
(d) The power density is high and can reach 300W/KG to 5000W/KG, which is equivalent to 5 to 10 times of the battery;
(e) The raw materials of the product are pollution-free in the processes of constitution, production, use, storage and disassembly, so that the product is an ideal green environment-friendly power supply;
(f) The charging and discharging circuit is simple, a charging circuit such as a rechargeable battery is not needed, the safety coefficient is high, and the long-term use is maintenance-free;
(g) The ultra-low temperature characteristic is good, and the temperature range is wide from-40 ℃ to +70 ℃;
(h) The detection is convenient, and the residual electric quantity can be directly read out;
in summary, the energy storage circuit of the mobile power supply has the outstanding advantages of high power density, short charge and discharge time, long cycle life, wide working temperature range and high safety.
(2) Charging the energy storage module by adopting a plurality of optional interfaces;
the charging input interface is provided with an automobile storage battery electricity taking interface, a USB charging interface, a dry battery charging interface and an automobile cigar lighter interface; the flexibility is strong, and the practicality is strong.
(3) The MCU with the A/D converter is used as a main control circuit chip to control the whole charging process, so that the structure is compact, and the circuit design can be remarkably simplified;
(4) The device is provided with a double-color indicator lamp and an illuminating lamp;
(5) Controlling a charging process through the precharge control switch circuit and the main charging control switch circuit;
(6) The protection device has the functions of overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, temperature protection and voltage reverse connection protection.
In addition, the external control end and the boost protection chip are combined to realize charging control, so that complete controllability of charging can be realized, and the safety and reliability are high;
a dual input power supply circuit for portable power source adopts 2 power input ends, and one connects car battery (for example connects the battery through cigar lighter interface), and one connects dry battery group, is particularly suitable for on-vehicle use, and wireless alternating current can charge for portable power source's energy storage module.
In addition, with the BAT54CW schottky barrier diode, the forward voltage drop (both the forward turn-on threshold voltage and the forward voltage drop are lower (about 0.2V lower) than the PN junction diode because the schottky barrier height is lower than the PN junction barrier height), and since SBD (schottky barrier diode) is a majority carrier conduction device, there are no minority carrier lifetime and reverse recovery problems. The reverse recovery time of the SBD is just the charge and discharge time of the Schottky barrier capacitor and is completely different from the reverse recovery time of the PN junction diode. Since the reverse recovery charge of the SBD is very small, the switching speed is very high, and the switching loss is very small, which is especially suitable for high frequency applications. The structure and characteristics of SBD make it suitable for use as high frequency rectification in low voltage, high current output applications.
Furthermore, the ME6119A33PG type voltage stabilizer adopted by the voltage stabilizer is a high-hand LDO voltage stabilizer (400 mAAdjustable Voltage High Speed LDO Regulators) with adjustable input voltage, the output voltage is accurate, and the input voltage range is 2.5-18V; the application is particularly suitable here, not only for charging the energy storage module by means of a voltage booster circuit, but also as a reference voltage for use in a temperature detection circuit.
Therefore, the dual-input power supply circuit for the mobile power supply can be compatible with a wide range of input voltage, is wide in application, can be charged without alternating current, and is stable in circuit operation and high in practicability.
The LED driving circuit adopts a switching device (MOS tube) to control the on and off of the LED illuminating lamp, has small energy consumption, adopts a compact double-color LED lamp as a red-green indicating lamp, has compact structure and small occupied space, and in addition, the power supply circuit can provide stable 3.3V direct current voltage, can ensure the stable work of the LED lamp, has uniform light emission and avoids the brightness change and flickering of light. Therefore, the LED driving circuit is simple in circuit, few in used elements and easy to control.
The relay driving circuit adopts 2 parallel driving modules to drive the relay, and has high reliability and high safety, in addition, each driving module also has 2N-MOS tubes, namely, a redundant design is adopted, the time lag is small when switching, and even if one switching device is damaged, the relay can still work normally, so that the reliability is high, and the normal discharge of an automobile starting power supply can be ensured.
The detection circuit of the starting power supply adopts the A/D converter with multiple input channels to detect multiple paths of voltage signals, can realize temperature monitoring so as to realize overheat protection later, has high integration level, simple circuit, easy implementation and high detection precision, and can provide technical guarantee for the safe work of the starting power supply of the automobile.
In conclusion, the starting power supply has perfect functions, high integration level and high safety, and is suitable for popularization and implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic block diagram of a supercapacitor-based automotive starting power supply;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boost circuit portion of a supercapacitor-based automotive starting power supply;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a USB socket portion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control ends CTL-CHG, CTL-INA and CTL-INB.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a dual input power supply circuit for a mobile power supply;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tank circuit of a mobile power supply;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an LED driving circuit.
Fig. 8 is a circuit schematic of a relay drive circuit for a mobile power supply;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a detection branch;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an a/D converter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown, for the purpose of illustrating the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, an automobile starting power supply based on a super capacitor comprises a main control circuit, a charging input interface, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a voltage boosting circuit, an energy storage module and an output circuit;
the charging input interface supplies power to the main control circuit through the voltage stabilizing circuit;
the charging input interface charges the energy storage module through the booster circuit; the boost circuit is controlled by the main control circuit;
the output circuit comprises an output interface and a relay controlled by the main control circuit; the energy storage module is connected with the output interface through a relay;
the energy storage module is based on super capacitor.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises a pre-charge control switch circuit and a main charge control switch circuit; the charging input interface is connected with the energy storage module through the precharge control switch circuit; the charging input interface is connected with the booster circuit through the main charging control switch circuit.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor also comprises an indicator light circuit and an illuminating lamp circuit which are connected with the main control circuit.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises at least one of an overvoltage protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit and an overtemperature protection circuit which are connected with the main control circuit.
The charging input interface is at least one of an automobile storage battery electricity taking interface, a USB charging interface, a dry battery charging interface and an automobile cigar lighter interface.
The main control circuit adopts an MCU with an A/D converter.
The energy storage module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in series, and the number of the super capacitors is 2-10.
The booster circuit adopts an FP5139 type integrated chip.
The dry battery charging interface is connected with a dry battery cabin, and 3-5 dry batteries with the voltage of 1.5V can be accommodated in the dry battery cabin.
The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises a counter voltage protection circuit connected with the main control circuit.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a charging control circuit of an automobile starting power supply based on a super capacitor comprises a boost protection chip U9, a charging output circuit and 3 control ends: CTL-CHG, CTL-INA and CTL-INB; the boost protection chip U9 is an FP5139 chip;
(1) The control end CTL-CHG is grounded through resistors R34 and R33 which are sequentially connected in series, and the connection point of the resistors R34 and R33 is connected with the G pole of the NMOS tube Q12; the S electrode of the Q12 is grounded, and the D electrode of the Q12 is an EN-19V end;
(2) The control end CTL-INB is grounded through resistors R91 and R90 which are sequentially connected in series, and the connection point of the resistors R91 and R90 is connected with the G pole of the NMOS tube Q7; the S electrode of the Q7 is grounded, and the D electrode of the Q7 is a CTL-B end;
(3) The control end CTL-INA is grounded through resistors R14 and R13 which are sequentially connected in series, and the connection point of the resistors R14 and R13 is connected with the G pole of the NMOS tube Q3; the S electrode of the Q3 is grounded, and the D electrode of the Q7 is a CTL-A end
(4) The DC power supply VBOUT+ is connected with the S pole of the PMOS tube Q14, and the D pole of the Q14 is connected with the positive input end BAT+ of the energy storage module through the thermistor RT 4; a resistor R29 is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the Q14 in a bridging way, and the G pole of the Q14 is connected with a CTL-A end
(5) The DC power supply VBOUT+ is connected with the S pole of the PMOS tube Q8, and the D pole of the Q8 is connected with the positive input end BAT+ of the energy storage module through an inductor L4 and a diode D6 which are sequentially connected in series; the D pole of the Q8 is connected with a power supply end VCC of the boost protection chip U9;
a resistor R30 is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the Q8 in a bridging way, and the G pole of the Q8 is connected with a CTL-B end;
(6) The EN-19V end is connected with a control end CTL of the boost protection chip U9 through a resistor R57;
(7) And a charging output circuit:
the GATE end of the boost protection chip U9 is connected with the B pole of the NPN triode Q19 and the B pole of the PNP triode Q20 through a resistor R15; the E pole of Q19 and the C pole of Q20 are short-circuited; the C electrode of the Q19 is connected with a power supply VCC-BAT through a resistor R16;
the E pole of the Q19 is connected with the G pole of the NMOS tube Q10 through a resistor R43, and the D pole of the Q10 is connected with the connection point of the inductor L4 and the diode D6; the S pole of Q10 and the E pole of Q20 are both grounded.
The positive input end USB_IN of the USB interface is connected with the S pole of Q8 through a diode D17.
The positive end BAT1+ of the energy storage module is connected with the S pole of Q8 through a diode D16.
An overcurrent protection circuit comprises an operational amplifier U1-B, a measuring resistor R18 and a boost protection chip U9;
the measuring resistor R18 is connected in series in a front-end power supply loop of the automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor;
the first end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier through a resistor R39; the second end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier through a resistor R36;
a resistor R40 is connected between the output end and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier in a bridging way;
the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the feedback end FB of the boost protection chip U9.
The output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the feedback end FB of the boost protection chip U9 through a diode D20; and the feedback terminal FB is connected to the cathode of the diode D20.
The front-end power supply loop is a USB power supply loop (the energy storage module of the starting power supply is charged through a USB interface); a first ground (SGND) of the measurement resistor R18; the second end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the negative end BAT 1-of the USB charging interface J4.
The model of the operational amplifier is LM258ADR, the model of the boost protection chip U9 is FP5139, and the resistance values of the resistors R18, R39, R36 and R40 are 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm respectively. The circuit of the operational amplifier adopted by the overcurrent protection circuit is an inverting amplification circuit, and the amplification factor is about 20 times; the diode D20 is added to play a role in preventing current from flowing backwards, namely ensuring unidirectional conduction; in addition, the boost protection chip has a short-circuit protection function and a boost discharging function, can regulate the output current and voltage, has rich functions, combines an amplifying circuit with a protection IC, can realize the overcurrent protection of the circuit, and has high reliability.
Fig. 5, a dual input power supply circuit for a mobile power supply, comprising a first power supply input (vbout+), a second power supply input (VCC-BAT), a diode, a voltage regulator, and a power supply output (5V-VDD);
the first power input end is used for being connected with the positive electrode of the automobile battery;
the second power input end is used for connecting the anode of the dry battery pack; the dry battery group comprises three dry batteries, each of which is 1.5V and outputs 4.5V;
the first power input end is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizer through a diode; the second power input end is connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizer through a diode;
the output end of the voltage stabilizer is a power supply output end; the output end of the voltage stabilizer outputs 3.3-5V direct current voltage.
The diode is a BAT54CW type Schottky barrier diode.
The voltage stabilizer is an ME6119A33PG type voltage stabilizer.
An electrolytic capacitor (C40) is arranged at the input end of the voltage stabilizer; the input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizer are respectively connected with an electroless capacitor (C37 and C51); the capacitance value of the electrolytic capacitor is 47uF, and the capacitance value of the non-electrolytic capacitor is 0.1uF.
As shown in fig. 6, the energy storage module of the mobile power supply comprises 5 super capacitors (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C7) connected in series; the capacitance value of each super capacitor is 350F; the energy storage module is completely different from an energy storage module adopting a lithium ion battery, and the adoption of the super capacitor has high safety, no explosion risk and long service life; the function of the 4 sockets (J45, J11, J11, J18) in the circuit is to thicken the conductive loop; because the power supply is typically used for providing automobile starting current, the current is large, and the thickened conductive loop can effectively protect devices and circuit boards. Each super capacitor is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch, the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series, the resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1.
As shown in fig. 7, the LED driving circuit includes an illumination type LED lamp (D15), a red LED indicator lamp, a green LED indicator lamp, and a switching device (Q5);
the positive electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is connected with the positive electrode (5V-VDD) of a direct current power supply through a first current limiting resistor; the negative electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is grounded through a switching device; the control end of the switching device is connected with an LED control port (CTL-LED) through a resistor R11;
the anodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are short-circuited and then connected with the anode (5V-VDD) of the direct current power supply through a second current limiting resistor (R53):
the cathodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are respectively connected with a red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and a green LED lamp control port (LED-G).
The switching device is an N-MOS tube; the D pole of the N-MOS tube is connected with the negative pole of the illumination type LED lamp; the S electrode of the N-MOS tube is grounded (SGND); the G electrode of the N-MOS tube is connected with the resistor R11.
The model of the N-MOS tube is 2N7002K.
The red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp adopt a bicolor LED lamp (D4); the first current limiting resistor is 50 ohms (R48 and R20 are connected in parallel in the figure), the second current limiting resistor (R53) is 2.4 Kohms, and the resistor R11 is 1 Kohms; the DC power supply positive electrode is 3.3V.
The LED control port is an IO port of the MCU or an output end of the key circuit, and the red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and the green LED lamp control port (LED-G) are IO ports of the MCU.
Description of working principle:
(1) When the CTL-LED is at a high level, Q5 is conducted, and D15 is conducted to emit light;
(2) When the LED-G is at a low level, the green LED lamp is conducted to emit light;
(3) When the LED-R is at a low level, the red LED lamp is conducted to emit light.
As shown in fig. 8, a relay driving circuit for a mobile power supply includes a relay and a first driving module;
the first driving module comprises a first control signal input circuit and 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13;
the first control signal input circuit comprises resistors R52 and R19 connected in series; the first end of the resistor R52 is connected with a control signal CTL-START; the second end of the resistor R52 is grounded through a resistor R19; g poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are short-circuited to the connection point of the resistors R52 and R19; the S poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are grounded; the first coil of the relay is connected between the D poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 and the positive pole BAT+ of the energy storage power supply.
The relay driving circuit for the mobile power supply further comprises a second driving module; the relay is a double-input coil type relay and is provided with a first coil and a second coil, and a pair of output contacts are shared;
the second driving module comprises a second control signal input circuit and 2N-MOS transistors Q1 and Q2;
the second control signal input circuit comprises resistors R2 and R7 connected in series; the first end of the resistor R2 is connected with a control signal DAT; the second end of the resistor R2 is grounded through a resistor R7; g poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 are short-circuited to the connection point of the resistors R2 and R7; the S poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 are grounded; and a second coil of a relay is connected between the D poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q1 and Q3 and the positive pole BAT+ of the energy storage power supply.
The resistor R52 and the resistor R2 are 1K ohm; resistor R19 and resistor R7 are both 20K ohms.
The model of the N-MOS tube is 2N7002K, ceramic capacitors C5 and C6 are connected between the G pole of the N-MOS tube and the ground, the capacitance value of each ceramic capacitor is 0.1uF, a diode D7 is connected between BAT+ and the D pole of the N-MOS tube Q9, and a diode D10 is connected between BAT+ and the D pole of the N-MOS tube Q1.
CTL-START and DAT are normal control signals and abnormal control, respectively; normally controlling a user to actively start a discharge switch, and switching a relay to realize discharge; abnormal control refers to one of the following 5 cases:
1. clip terminal voltage is too low (below 11 VDC)
2. Clip terminal voltage too high (higher than 15 VDC)
3. Clip connection
4. Clip short circuit
5. The internal circuit temperature is too high;
the above situation is detected by the relevant detection circuit.
Referring to fig. 2, an overcurrent protection circuit for a super capacitor-based automobile starting power supply comprises an operational amplifier U1-B, a measuring resistor R18 and a boost protection chip U9;
the measuring resistor R18 is connected in series in a front-end power supply loop of the automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor;
the first end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier through a resistor R39; the second end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier through a resistor R36;
a resistor R40 is connected between the output end and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier in a bridging way;
the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the feedback end FB of the boost protection chip U9.
The output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the feedback end FB of the boost protection chip U9 through a diode D20; and the feedback terminal FB is connected to the cathode of the diode D20.
The front-end power supply loop is a USB power supply loop (the energy storage module of the starting power supply is charged through a USB interface); a first ground (SGND) of the measurement resistor R18; the second end of the measuring resistor R18 is connected with the negative end BAT 1-of the USB charging interface J4.
The model of the operational amplifier is LM258ADR, the model of the boost protection chip U9 is FP5139, and the resistance values of the resistors R18, R39, R36 and R40 are 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm respectively.
The over-current protection circuit is used for monitoring the output current of the energy storage module, as shown in fig. 2, and takes the operational amplifier U1-A as a core; r31 and R32 which are connected in parallel are used as measuring resistors (R31 and R32 are both 0.01 ohm and 0.005 ohm after being connected in parallel); the detection principle is the same as that of an overcurrent protection circuit based on the operational amplifier U1-B.
FIGS. 9-10 illustrate a detection circuit for starting a power supply, including a temperature detection branch, a power supply voltage detection branch, and an A/D converter; the A/D converter is a multichannel A/D converter; the output end of the A/D converter outputs detection result data;
in the temperature detection branch, a thermistor RT1 is connected with a power supply voltage (5V-VDD), the thermistor RT1 is connected with a resistor R22 in series, and the resistor R22 is grounded; the connection point (V07) of the thermistor RT1 and the resistor R22 is connected with the first analog signal input port (AN 1) of the A/D converter;
in the power supply voltage detection branch, the power supply voltage Vout+ (for connecting with an automobile battery) is grounded through resistors R66 and R67 which are sequentially connected in series; the junction (V06) of the resistors R66 and R67 is connected to the second analog signal input port (AN 2) of the a/D converter.
The detection circuit of the starting power supply further comprises an energy storage module voltage detection branch circuit;
in the energy storage module voltage detection branch, the energy storage module voltage BAT+ (used for connecting the positive electrode end of the energy storage module) is grounded through resistors R74 and R75 which are sequentially connected in series; the junction (V08) of the resistors R74 and R75 is connected to the third analog signal input port (AN 0) of the a/D converter.
The detection circuit of the starting power supply also comprises a switch detection branch circuit; in the switch detection branch, the power supply voltage (5V-VDD) is grounded through a resistor R89, a switch SW1 and a resistor R21 which are sequentially connected in series; the junction (CLK) of resistor R89 and switch SW1 is connected to the clock signal terminal (CLK/P2.1) of the A/D converter.
The model of the A/D converter is SC8F2712; the resistance of the thermistor RT1 is 10 Kohm; the resistances of resistors R22, R66, R67, R74, R75, R89 and R21 are 10K, 100K, 301K, 100K, 1M and 100K, respectively, in ohms.
After SW1 is pressed, CLK voltage will generate heel rotation, the high-low level change signal is directly transmitted to MCU, specific functions such as triggering relay to realize discharging are executed, clock signals inside the chip are generated by the chip itself or provided by other pins outside.
U4 is itself an MCU, so the conversion result of the ADC is provided to the MCU module in U4 through an internal circuit (or register).
Claims (1)
1. The automobile starting power supply based on the super capacitor is characterized by comprising a main control circuit, a charging input interface, a boosting circuit, an energy storage module and an output circuit;
the boost circuit is controlled by the main control circuit;
an external power supply charges the energy storage module through the charging input interface and the boost circuit;
the output circuit is provided with a relay controlled by the main control circuit;
the energy storage module is based on a super capacitor; the energy storage module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in series, and the number of the super capacitors is 2-10;
each super capacitor is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch, and the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series;
the resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1;
a socket is short-circuited at the connecting point of the adjacent super capacitor;
the charging input interface is at least one of an automobile storage battery electricity taking interface, a USB charging interface, a dry battery charging interface and an automobile cigar lighter interface;
the LED driving circuit is also included;
the LED driving circuit comprises an illumination type LED lamp (D15), a red LED indicator lamp, a green LED indicator lamp and a switching device (Q5);
the positive electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is connected with the positive electrode (5V-VDD) of a direct current power supply through a first current limiting resistor; the negative electrode of the illumination type LED lamp is grounded through a switching device; the control end of the switching device is connected with an LED control port (CTL-LED) through a resistor R11;
the anodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are short-circuited and then connected with the anode (5V-VDD) of the direct current power supply through a second current limiting resistor (R53);
the cathodes of the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp are respectively connected with a red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and a green LED lamp control port (LED-G);
the switching device is an N-MOS tube; the D pole of the N-MOS tube is connected with the negative pole of the illumination type LED lamp; the S electrode of the N-MOS tube is grounded (SGND); the G electrode of the N-MOS tube is connected with a resistor R11; the model of the N-MOS tube is 2N7002K;
the switch device is an NPN triode; the C electrode of the triode is connected with the cathode of the illumination type LED lamp; e pole of triode is grounded (SGND); the B pole of the triode is connected with a resistor R11;
the red LED indicator lamp and the green LED indicator lamp adopt a bicolor LED lamp (D4); the first current limiting resistor is 50 ohms, the second current limiting resistor (R53) is 2.4 Kohms, and the resistor R11 is 1 Kohms; the positive electrode of the direct current power supply is 3.3V;
the output circuit is provided with a relay driving circuit, and the relay driving circuit comprises a relay and a first driving module;
the first driving module comprises a first control signal input circuit and 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13;
the first control signal input circuit comprises resistors R52 and R19 connected in series; the first end of the resistor R52 is connected with a control signal CTL-START; the second end of the resistor R52 is grounded through a resistor R19; g poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are short-circuited to the connection point of the resistors R52 and R19; the S poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 are grounded; the first coil of the relay is connected between the D poles of the 2N-MOS transistors Q9 and Q13 and the positive pole BAT+ of the energy storage power supply;
the detection circuit comprises a temperature detection branch, a power supply voltage detection branch and an A/D converter; the A/D converter is a multichannel A/D converter; the output end of the A/D converter outputs detection result data;
in the temperature detection branch, a thermistor RT1 is connected with a power supply voltage (5V-VDD), the thermistor RT1 is connected with a resistor R22 in series, and the resistor R22 is grounded; the connection point (V07) of the thermistor RT1 and the resistor R22 is connected with the first analog signal input port (AN 1) of the A/D converter;
in the power supply voltage detection branch, the power supply voltage Vout+ is grounded through resistors R66 and R67 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point (V06) of the resistors R66 and R67 is connected with the second analog signal input port (AN 2) of the A/D converter;
the detection circuit comprises a switch detection branch; in the switch detection branch, the power supply voltage (5V-VDD) is grounded through a resistor R89, a switch SW1 and a resistor R21 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point (CLK) of the resistor R89 and the switch SW1 is connected with the clock signal end (CLK/P2.1) of the A/D converter;
the main control circuit adopts an SC8F2712 chip; the booster circuit uses FP5139 chips.
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| CN201710048591.3A CN106712200B (en) | 2017-01-22 | 2017-01-22 | Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor |
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| CN107332322B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2024-03-29 | 深圳市电将军科技有限公司 | Portable power source based on super capacitor |
| CN107968456B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆文理学院 | Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor |
| CN113818759B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-04-21 | 杭州中恒电气股份有限公司 | Electronic lock control circuit and electronic lock of charging pile |
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