CN106703368B - Uniform air exhaust system device and air exhaust method for smoke exhaust shaft of high-rise residential building kitchen - Google Patents
Uniform air exhaust system device and air exhaust method for smoke exhaust shaft of high-rise residential building kitchen Download PDFInfo
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- CN106703368B CN106703368B CN201611198426.8A CN201611198426A CN106703368B CN 106703368 B CN106703368 B CN 106703368B CN 201611198426 A CN201611198426 A CN 201611198426A CN 106703368 B CN106703368 B CN 106703368B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
- E04F17/02—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage for carrying away waste gases, e.g. flue gases; Building elements specially designed therefor, e.g. shaped bricks or sets thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform air exhaust system device and an air exhaust method for a smoke exhaust shaft of a high-rise residential building, wherein the air exhaust system device comprises the smoke exhaust shaft and a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes communicated with the smoke exhaust shaft, the kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes are respectively communicated with smoke exhaust hoods positioned on respective floors, the joints of the kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes and the smoke exhaust shaft are respectively provided with a non-return fireproof-air exhaust damping integrated component, and the components comprise a non-return valve and an air exhaust damping which are communicated with each other. The invention mainly solves the problems of insufficient low-rise smoke discharge, difficult air quantity variable operation regulation, smoke cross and the like of high-rise houses by adopting a non-return fireproof-air exhaust damping integrated component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of house ventilation, and relates to an exhaust system device and an exhaust method for a smoke exhaust shaft of a kitchen of a high-rise house.
Background
At present, in order to ensure effective purification treatment of kitchen oil smoke of high-rise residential buildings and make the exterior facades of the residential buildings beautiful, existing residential kitchens generally adopt smoke exhaust shafts to exhaust smoke. However, when the smoke exhaust vertical shaft is used for exhausting air, the phenomena of insufficient low-layer exhaust, difficult oil smoke exhaust, smoke and odor tainting and the like easily occur, and certain fire-fighting hidden danger exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the smoke exhaust mode of the smoke exhaust shaft of the high-rise residence, the invention aims to provide a uniform air exhaust system and an air exhaust method of the smoke exhaust shaft of a kitchen of the high-rise residence, so as to solve the problems of uneven smoke exhaust, smoke tainting, odor tainting and the like of the existing smoke exhaust shaft.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
firstly, providing a uniform exhaust system device for a smoke exhaust shaft of a high-rise residential building kitchen, which comprises a smoke exhaust shaft and a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes communicated with the smoke exhaust shaft; the smoke exhaust branch pipes are respectively communicated with the range hoods on all floors, and the joints of the smoke exhaust branch pipes and the smoke exhaust vertical shaft are provided with integrated components with the functions of non-return, fire prevention and air exhaust damping, wherein the integrated components comprise a non-return valve and air exhaust damping.
Furthermore, the special check valve is installed in combination with the air exhaust damper, the check valve adopts a common open-type fireproof check valve, and air flow flows along the radian of the air exhaust damper when the valve plate is opened so as to reduce the self resistance of the component.
Furthermore, the size of the exhaust damper is designed according to the size of the smoke exhaust shaft, the number of floors and the position of the floor where the exhaust damper is located according to the full-pressure distribution principle, so that the consistency of smoke exhaust resistance of each floor is ensured, and further the uniformity of smoke exhaust of each floor is ensured.
Furthermore, the fluid dynamic performance parameters (such as the pressure head and the air quantity) of the range hood on each floor are kept consistent.
The invention also provides a method for uniformly exhausting the smoke in the smoke exhaust shaft of the kitchen of the high-rise residence, which comprises the following steps:
a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the smoke exhaust vertical shaft;
respectively communicating a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes with smoke exhaust ventilators on respective floors;
an integrated component with the functions of non-return, fire prevention and air exhaust damping is arranged at the joint of each kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipe and the smoke exhaust shaft, and the integrated component comprises a non-return valve and an air exhaust damping which are mutually communicated;
and opening a valve plate of the check valve, and forcing the air flow to flow in a radian manner through the exhaust damping.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and the check valve and the exhaust damper are integrally installed, the lower open type fireproof check valve is selected as the check valve, and the check valve is communicated with the end part of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: selecting an upward-bent flow guide component based on a fluid dynamics optimization structure as the exhaust damping to reduce the main pipe resistance of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft; and communicating the inlet of the exhaust damper with the smoke exhaust branch pipe, and extending the outlet of the exhaust damper into the smoke exhaust shaft.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: setting the size of the outlet of the exhaust damper at different positions of the smoke evacuation shaft to decrease as the floor height increases; when the air is in the lower layer, the size of the outlet of the exhaust damper is increased for flow guiding; when at a high level, the outlet size of the exhaust damper is reduced for throttling.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and keeping the fluid dynamic performance parameters of the range hoods on all floors consistent, wherein the fluid dynamic performance parameters comprise the air volume and the pressure head of the range hoods.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the uniform exhaust system device for the smoke discharging shaft of the kitchen in the high-rise residence, disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the nonuniform phenomenon of smoke discharging of high and low floors by adopting a non-return fireproof-exhaust damping integrated component, overcomes the problems of smoke and odor tainting of the kitchen, avoids fire-fighting hidden dangers, and has a random self-adaptive function, namely, the exhaust volume of each layer of smoke exhauster opening user can be uniformly distributed under the random opening working condition of the smoke exhausters (under the conditions that users in the kitchen of the high-rise residence open the random number of the smoke exhausters and open the random floor positions of the smoke exhausters). The specific analysis is as follows:
(1) The air exhaust damping is uniform. The smoke discharged by the centralized vertical shaft of the high-rise residential kitchen can be regarded as an extremely different-range hydraulic system, and due to the obvious difference of the impedance of the different-range system, the smoke discharge air volume of the kitchen of each layer of the residential kitchen is obviously different. The invention installs exhaust damper at the joint of each exhaust branch pipe and the smoke exhaust shaft of the system, and designs the size of the exhaust damper according to the floor number of the residence and the size of the smoke exhaust shaft based on momentum partial pressure principle. The resistance characteristic of the exhaust air damping is determined by geometric parameters and flow ratio. At the lower layer, the air exhaust damping is mainly based on the flow guiding function, the size with smaller confluence resistance is selected according to geometric parameters, meanwhile, the air exhaust damping is in the range of high flow ratio at the lower layer, and the direct current resistance of the air exhaust damping is reduced along with the increase of the flow ratio, so the total pipeline resistance of the lower layer users is reduced. At the high-rise, the air exhaust damping is mainly based on the throttling function, the size with larger confluence resistance is selected according to geometric parameters, meanwhile, the air exhaust damping is in the low flow ratio range at the high-rise, and the direct current resistance of the air exhaust damping is increased along with the reduction of the flow ratio, so the total pipeline resistance of high-rise users is increased. In addition, the exhaust damper with large confluence resistance is selected at the high-rise according to geometric parameters, the direct-current resistance coefficient of the exhaust damper is negative, the direct-current resistance is converted into direct-current gravitational force, and the resistance of the main pipe of the smoke exhaust shaft is reduced. According to the principle of hydraulic stability, the reduction of the resistance of the main pipe is beneficial to hydraulic balance. Therefore, the exhaust air damping increases the resistance of the high-rise pipeline due to the throttling function at the high-rise part, and the flow guiding function at the low-rise part reduces the direct current resistance, so that the pressure balance of each pipeline of the system is ensured, and the exhaust air volume of each branch can be uniformly distributed.
(2) And the self-adaptive regulation characteristic of the exhaust damping. The resistance characteristic of the exhaust air damping is determined by geometric parameters and flow ratio. The flow ratio is increased, the direct current resistance of the exhaust damper is reduced, and the confluence resistance is increased. The flow ratio is related to the 'actual floor position' where the exhaust damper is located, and the 'actual floor position' changes along with the opening or closing of the range hoods on each floor. When the low-level range hood is closed, the flow ratio required by the high-level exhaust damping is increased, and the characteristics of increased convergence resistance and reduced direct-current resistance just meet the operation requirements of the system.
(3) And (3) the adaptability of the uniform exhaust system. The uniform air exhaust system only changes the resistance characteristic of the pipeline and is irrelevant to a power source. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to a distributed power system, a hybrid power system, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the exhaust system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the exhaust damper in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a region a in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of the integrated installation of the exhaust damping and the check valve.
Wherein: the device comprises a range hood 1, a smoke exhaust vertical shaft 2, a smoke exhaust branch pipe 3, a check valve 4 and an exhaust damper 5.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention firstly provides a uniform exhaust system device for a smoke exhaust shaft of a high-rise residential building, which comprises kitchen ventilators 1 on each floor, a smoke exhaust shaft 2 penetrating through the whole high-rise residential building, smoke exhaust branch pipes 3 for communicating the kitchen ventilators 1 on each floor with the smoke exhaust shaft 2, and a non-return fireproof-exhaust damping integrated component arranged at the communication position of each smoke exhaust branch pipe 3 and the smoke exhaust shaft 2, wherein the integrated component comprises a non-return valve 4 and an exhaust damping 5 which are integrally installed and communicated with each other.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the wind damper 5 assembly of the integrated reverse fire prevention and wind damper suspension component of the present embodiment. The exhaust damper 5 has an inlet and an outlet, and the inlet and the outlet form an included angle of 90 degrees and are bent upwards. The size of the inlet of the exhaust damper 5 is consistent with that of the exhaust branch pipe 3, and is determined in the exhaust system of the kitchen of the same residence; the size of the outlet of the exhaust damper 5 is calculated and determined according to the total pressure distribution principle. The core of the method is that when the static pressure difference of confluence is small, the loss of dynamic pressure confluence resistance is controlled at a low level to adapt to smoke discharge of users at the bottom layer, and when the static pressure difference of confluence is large, the dynamic pressure confluence resistance is converted into a dynamic-static pressure conversion type local component to adapt to smoke discharge of residents at the high-rise area. After the exhaust damper is added in the flue, the energy loss caused by the change of the airflow direction when the branch pipe airflow converges through the exhaust damper can be directly controlled by the design of outlet parameter change.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the installation position of the reverse fire prevention-exhaust damping integrated member of this embodiment. The exhaust damper 5 extends into the smoke exhaust shaft 2, and the inlet of the exhaust damper 5 is communicated with the smoke exhaust branch pipe 3. The non-return valve 4 assembly is installed in the smoke exhaust branch pipe 3 at a position as close to the smoke exhaust shaft 2 as possible.
Referring to fig. 4, the non-return fire-proof and exhaust damping integrated component is installed at the joint of the exhaust branch pipe 3 and the exhaust shaft 2, and the size is designed according to the floor number of the house and the size of the exhaust shaft and the calculation of the full pressure distribution principle. At the lower layer, the exhaust damper 5 mainly has the flow guiding function, the size with smaller confluence resistance is selected at the moment, meanwhile, the exhaust damper is at the lower layer and is in the range of high flow ratio, and the direct current resistance of the exhaust damper is reduced along with the increase of the flow ratio, so the total pipeline resistance of the lower layer users is reduced; at the high level, the exhaust damper 5 is mainly in throttling function, the size with larger confluence resistance is selected at the moment, meanwhile, the exhaust damper is in a low flow ratio range at the high level, and the direct current resistance of the exhaust damper is increased along with the reduction of the flow ratio, so the total pipeline resistance of a high-level user is increased. Due to the throttling function of the exhaust damper 5 at the high layer and the flow guiding function at the low layer, the resistance of the high-layer pipeline is increased, the resistance of the low-layer pipeline is reduced, and the exhaust damper can effectively improve the obvious difference of the impedance of the different-range system, so that the resistance balance of each branch pipeline of the system is ensured, and the uniform distribution of the exhaust air volume of each branch is realized.
After the above structure is configured, the present invention further provides a uniform air exhaust method for a smoke exhaust shaft of a kitchen of a high-rise residence, where the above air exhaust system device of this embodiment may also be implemented by the air exhaust method, and as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the air exhaust method specifically includes:
according to the structural characteristics, an integrated component with the functions of non-return, fire prevention and air exhaust damping is arranged at the joint of each kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipe 3 and the smoke exhaust shaft 2, and the integrated component comprises a non-return valve 4 and an air exhaust damping 5 which are mutually communicated;
and then the valve plate of the check valve 4 is opened, and the air flow is forced to flow in a radian manner through the exhaust damper 5.
The kitchen of the high-rise residence referred by the embodiment has great randomness in use, namely the range hoods of users at all levels can be randomly opened or closed, and the 'actual floor position' of the non-return fire-proof and air-exhaust damping integrated component is changed at the moment. As the resistance characteristic of the air exhaust damping 5 component of the non-return fireproof-air exhaust damping integrated component is related to the geometric parameters and the confluence direct current flow ratio, when the flow ratio is increased, the direct current resistance is reduced, and the confluence resistance is increased. Therefore, when the low-rise range hood is closed, the flow ratio required by the high-rise exhaust damper 5 is increased, and the characteristics of increased confluence resistance and reduced direct-current resistance just meet the operation requirements of the system, namely the use of the exhaust damper 5 has high adaptability and self-adjustability to the system. In addition, the uniform exhaust system of the high-rise residential kitchen centralized flue only changes the resistance characteristic of the pipeline and is irrelevant to a power source. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to a distributed power system, a hybrid power system, and the like.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate a person skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a high-rise residence kitchen is discharged fume shaft and is evenly aired exhaust system device which characterized in that: the smoke exhaust system comprises a smoke exhaust shaft (2) and a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes (3) communicated with the smoke exhaust shaft (2), wherein the kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes (3) are respectively communicated with smoke exhausts (1) on respective floors, an integrated component with a non-return fireproof air exhaust damping function is arranged at the joint of each kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipe (3) and the smoke exhaust shaft (2), and the integrated component comprises a non-return valve (4) and an air exhaust damping (5) which are communicated with each other;
the exhaust damper (5) is an upward-bent flow guide component based on a fluid dynamics optimization structure so as to reduce the main pipe resistance of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2), the inlet of the exhaust damper (5) is communicated with the smoke exhaust branch pipe (3), and the outlet of the exhaust damper (5) extends into the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2);
the outlet sizes of the exhaust dampers (5) positioned at different positions of the smoke exhaust shaft (2) are determined one by one according to the full pressure distribution principle, and the confluence resistance of the exhaust dampers (5) positioned at each floor is increased along with the increase of the floor height, namely, the outlet size of the exhaust damper (5) is smaller when the floor height is higher; when in the lower layer, the outlet size of the exhaust damper (5) is increased for flow guiding; when the air exhaust damper (5) is at a high level, the size of an outlet of the air exhaust damper is reduced for throttling;
the full-pressure distribution is realized on the basis of the distribution of static pressure and dynamic pressure on the cross section of a flue, when the confluence static pressure difference is small, the loss of dynamic pressure confluence resistance is controlled at a low level to adapt to the smoke discharge of bottom users, and when the confluence static pressure difference is large, the dynamic pressure confluence resistance is converted into a dynamic-static pressure conversion type local component to adapt to the smoke discharge of high-rise residential areas;
the air exhaust method applying the air exhaust system device comprises the following steps:
a plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes (3) are communicated and arranged on the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2);
the plurality of kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipes (3) are respectively communicated with the smoke exhaust ventilators (1) on the respective floors;
an integrated component with the functions of non-return, fire prevention and air exhaust damping is arranged at the joint of each kitchen smoke exhaust branch pipe (3) and the smoke exhaust shaft (2), and the integrated component comprises a non-return valve (4) and an air exhaust damping (5) which are mutually communicated;
opening a valve plate of the check valve (4), and forcing the air flow to flow in a radian manner through the exhaust damper (5);
selecting an upward-bent flow guide component based on a fluid dynamics optimization structure as the exhaust damper (5) to reduce the main pipe resistance of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2);
the inlet of the exhaust damper (5) is communicated with the smoke exhaust branch pipe (3), and the outlet of the exhaust damper (5) extends into the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2);
setting the outlet size of the exhaust damper (5) at different positions of the smoke evacuation shaft (2) to decrease as the floor height increases;
when the air is at the lower layer, the size of the outlet of the exhaust air damper (5) is increased for flow guiding; when at a high level, the outlet size of the exhaust damper (5) is reduced for throttling.
2. The uniform exhaust system device for the smoke evacuation shaft of the high-rise residential building according to claim 1, wherein: the check valve (4) and the exhaust damper (5) are integrally installed, the check valve (4) is a downward opening type fireproof check valve and is communicated with the end part of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2), and when a valve plate of the check valve (4) is opened, airflow flows along the exhaust damper (5) in a radian mode so as to reduce self resistance of a component.
3. The uniform exhaust system device for the smoke exhaust shaft of the kitchen of the high-rise residential building according to claim 1, wherein: and the fluid dynamic performance parameters of the range hoods (1) on all floors are kept consistent, and the fluid dynamic performance parameters comprise the air volume and the pressure head of the range hood (1).
4. The uniform air exhaust system device for the smoke exhaust shaft of the kitchen of the high-rise residential building according to claim 1, wherein the air exhaust method using the air exhaust system device further comprises the following steps:
the check valve (4) and the exhaust damper (5) are integrally installed, the lower opening type fireproof check valve is selected as the check valve (4), and the check valve (4) is communicated with the end part of the smoke exhaust vertical shaft (2).
5. The uniform air exhaust system device for the smoke exhaust shaft of the high-rise residential building kitchen according to claim 1, wherein the air exhaust method using the air exhaust system device further comprises the following steps:
and keeping the fluid dynamic performance parameters of the range hoods (1) on all floors consistent, wherein the fluid dynamic performance parameters comprise the air volume and the pressure head of the range hood (1).
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| CN201611198426.8A CN106703368B (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | Uniform air exhaust system device and air exhaust method for smoke exhaust shaft of high-rise residential building kitchen |
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| CN201611198426.8A CN106703368B (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | Uniform air exhaust system device and air exhaust method for smoke exhaust shaft of high-rise residential building kitchen |
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| CN106703368B true CN106703368B (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108573097B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-10-15 | 同济大学 | Uniform flow guide component design method based on exhaust duct area control |
| CN111207422A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-29 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Flow self-adaptive smoke exhaust control method of central flue system |
| CN109631120B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-02-07 | 杭州老板电器股份有限公司 | Centralized variable-frequency smoke discharge control method and device |
| CN111271805A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-12 | 同济大学 | Centralized exhaust system and method |
| CN117113470B (en) * | 2023-04-29 | 2024-02-09 | 南京德力通环境科技有限公司 | Comprehensive type selection method and system for roof fans of concentrated flue of high-rise residential kitchen |
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| CN200942250Y (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2007-09-05 | 聂法玉 | Fire valve for housing exhaust port |
| CN201521685U (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2010-07-07 | 张晓强 | Fireproof check valve with guiding device |
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