CN106691410B - Pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor and method - Google Patents
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor, which comprises a finger clamping device, wherein one end of the finger clamping device is opened and is internally provided with a cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cavity are respectively and oppositely provided with an infrared light source and a photoelectric detector, and the finger clamping device is sequentially connected with a storage operation device and a display device; the finger clamping device clamps the finger belly of the tested person, the finger is irradiated by the infrared light source and then transmits an original light intensity signal, the photoelectric detector receives the original light intensity signal and converts the original light intensity signal into an electric signal so as to collect data in a pixel range, the electric signal is transmitted to the storage computing device for storage and processing, and the obtained pulse data and red blood cell concentration data are displayed through the display device. The invention adopts the photoelectric detector based on the CMOS camera to collect signals, has high detection sensitivity and precision, processes the light intensity signals based on the method of signal intensity frequency domain modulation, can reduce or even eliminate the dicrotic wave so as to improve the measurement result, has simple operation, greatly reduces the calculation complexity and saves the storage space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical electronic detection and pulse wave signal detection and processing, in particular to a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor and a method.
Background
With the increase of the life rhythm and the increase of the working pressure of people, the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases such as heart diseases is continuously increased, and the related detection of the cardiovascular diseases is also receiving more and more attention. The pulse contains important information of cardiovascular conditions of human bodies, has close relation with various diseases, so that the cardiovascular conditions can be judged by measuring the pulse.
At present, the pulse measurement mainly comprises pressure type, pulse diagnosis type, electrocardio type and photoelectric type methods, and the pressure type is usually realized by adopting a pressure sensor made of a pressure sensitive element, and has the defects of complex process, high manufacturing cost, heavy equipment, no portability, easy false alarm, missing alarm and the like. Pulse diagnosis, i.e. the application of pulse measurement in traditional Chinese medicine, is very effective, but the pulse diagnosis technology is greatly affected by human factors and has low measurement accuracy; the electrocardiograph is to measure the pulse rate of a person to be measured by wrapping a belt provided with an electrocardiograph around the chest of the person to be measured and measuring the heart beat of the person to be measured by electrocardiographic method, the method has complicated operation and high equipment cost, the person to be measured feels uncomfortable when detecting, while the photoelectric type is to measure the pulse rate of the person to be measured by detecting the pulsation of the blood vessel of the person to be measured by photoelectric method using a photoelectric sensor, the latter mainly uses the photoelectric volume method, the existence of the dicrotic wave in the measuring process of the photoelectric volume method causes interference to the measuring result, and the heart rate measuring result is inaccurate; the blood cell concentration can be used for judging the medical diseases, and can be used as an important basis for diagnosing adrenal hyperfunction in clinic, the blood cell concentration is an important item for detecting cardiovascular diseases, and can assist in diagnosing and treating pulmonary diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor which adopts a method based on signal intensity frequency domain modulation to process intensity signals so as to reduce or even eliminate the increase of the measurement result of a dicrotic wave, thereby solving the defects in the prior art.
The invention realizes the aim by the following technical scheme:
the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor includes one finger clamping device with one opening and one cavity with infrared light source and photoelectronic detector in the upper and lower surfaces, and one display connected to the finger clamping device;
the finger clamping device is used for clamping the finger belly part of the tested person;
the infrared light source is used for irradiating the finger of the tested person and transmitting an original light intensity signal;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving an original light intensity signal sent by the infrared light source, converting the light signal into an electric signal so as to acquire data in a pixel range and transmitting the electric signal to the storage operation device, and is based on a CMOS camera, so that the detection sensitivity and the detection precision are high;
the storage operation device is used for storing and processing the original light intensity signals;
and the display device is used for displaying the pulse data and the red blood cell concentration data processed by the storage operation device. Therefore, through arranging the infrared light source device and the photoelectric detector which are vertically opposite in the cavity of the finger clamping device, light intensity signals transmitted by fingers after being irradiated by the infrared light source are collected, after the signals are preprocessed by the photoelectric detector, the average modulation depth is obtained by the storage operation device through a method based on signal intensity frequency domain modulation, so that the red blood cell concentration and the pulse frequency are obtained, the red blood cell concentration and the pulse frequency are displayed by the display device, the detection sensitivity and the detection precision are high, the red blood cell concentration and the pulse frequency can be calculated rapidly, the working efficiency is improved, and the finger clamping device has very important significance for measuring the pulse of a tested person in emergency.
Further, the cavity of the finger clamping device is U-shaped, one or more rows of photoelectric detectors are arranged on the lower surface of the cavity, the width of each photoelectric detector in the transverse arrangement direction is smaller than the width of a human finger, therefore, the width of the whole photoelectric detector is smaller than the width of an adult finger, the photoelectric detectors arranged in the middle of the finger clamping device mainly measure the finger belly of the finger, related parameters such as pulse are easy to measure, the photoelectric detectors are prevented from being larger than the finger area, partial inaccurate signals are received by the photoelectric detectors, and the accuracy of final measurement is influenced after the average evaluation.
Further, the infrared light sources and the photoelectric detectors are in one-to-one correspondence and are flush, so that the photoelectric detectors can relatively easily measure relevant parameters such as pulse, and the problem that the accuracy of final measurement data is affected due to the fact that partial signals received when the infrared light sources and the photoelectric detectors are not in one-to-one correspondence are lost is avoided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitoring method, which is based on the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor, and includes the following steps:
s1, setting the acquisition rate of the photoelectric detector to be F >350fps;
s2, collecting and storing intensity signals of light transmitted by the measured part after being irradiated by an infrared light source, wherein the intensity signals are raw light intensity signals which are unprocessed and contain heartbeat information;
s3, preprocessing the light intensity signals obtained in the step S2, wherein noise is removed, and signals on a frequency domain are obtained by adopting a Fourier transform method;
s4, calculating the modulation depth of the signal obtained by preprocessing in the S3 by adopting a frequency domain modulation method based on signal intensity, wherein the calculated modulation depth is real-time modulation depth;
s5, setting n photoelectric detectors, averaging the n modulation depths obtained in the step S4, and then averaging the modulation depths to obtain real-time red blood cell concentration, wherein the calculated average modulation depth is real-time, and the time and the average modulation depth are represented by coordinates;
s6, performing fast Fourier transform on the average modulation depth obtained in the S5 to obtain a frequency domain diagram, reading a peak to obtain pulse data, and displaying the pulse data and the concentration of the red blood cells by a display device.
Further, the setting of the collection rate of the photodetector in S1 is based on the following principle: the maximum pulse of a normal person is 210 times per minute, 100 frames of data are acquired within one minute, and the acquisition speed F of the photoelectric detector is greater than the speed of the pulse so as to acquire complete, accurate and continuous intensity signals, namely 100/F <60/210, and F >350fps;
the collection of the light intensity signals in the step S2 is that a tested person puts a finger into the finger clamping device, the infrared light source on the upper surface of the finger clamping device irradiates the tested finger, and the photoelectric detector on the lower surface of the finger clamping device receives the original light intensity signals;
in S3, performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the original light intensity signal to obtain frequency domain signal spectrum intensity I j (u): taking m pieces of data for FFT every time, and carrying out FFT on the (1+10 (j-1)) th piece of data to the (m+10 (j-1)) th piece of data at intervals of 10 pieces of data between every two adjacent signal values to obtain the j-th signal value, wherein the j-th signal value can be represented by the following relational expression:
where j is the signal value ordering, t is time, u is frequency,represents the j-th frequency domain dynamic signal,/and/or>Representing a jth frequency domain static signal;
the frequency domain modulation method based on the intensity signal in the S4 is as follows: taking the spectrum intensity I of each signal value obtained in S3 j (u) extracting the frequency of the static frequency domain and the frequency of the dynamic frequency domain in a certain range respectively and obtaining the intensity, and then obtaining the modulation depth by comparing the intensity of the extracted dynamic frequency with the intensity of the static frequency, wherein the modulation depth is in a proportional relation with the concentration of the red blood cells to obtain the concentration of the red blood cells;
in the step S5, under the condition of n photodetectors, all signal value sequences have a one-to-one correspondence with time, the modulation depth obtained in the step S4 is averaged, and the average modulation depth MD is obtained j The formula of (c) can be expressed as:
in the step S6, the obtained average modulation depth value is the average modulation depth value in the time domain, for MD j Proceeding withFFT，
FFT(MD j )＝A(δ(f+f 0 )+δ(f-f 0 ))
The pulse frequency f of the tested person is obtained by reading peaks, wherein A is the amplitude of the frequency spectrum signal, f 0 The frequency corresponding to the peak value.
Compared with the prior art, the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method based on signal intensity frequency domain modulation is adopted to process the light intensity signals, so that the accuracy of the measurement result is improved even by eliminating the dicrotic waves, complex operation operations such as convolution and the like are not needed, simple operations such as FFT and the like are only needed, the calculation complexity is greatly reduced, the storage space is saved, and the implementation of a singlechip is facilitated.
2. The pulse oximeter with multi-parameter detection can be integrated into the pulse oximeter with multi-parameter detection, can be used as an independent pulse and peripheral blood flow monitor, can be used as a middleware processing program, is convenient for infinite monitoring and networking application, is concise and practical, does not need manual repeated pretreatment, and has less required resources and low software and hardware cost during implementation.
3. The whole monitor has small whole volume, is beneficial to placement and pulse monitoring of a monitored person, saves space, improves the utilization rate of the space, has simple and convenient monitoring method and wide application range, and can be applied to hospitals or families.
4. The photoelectric detector based on the CMOS camera is used for collecting signals, the detection sensitivity and the detection precision are high, the red blood cell concentration and the pulse frequency can be calculated rapidly, the working efficiency is improved, and the method has important significance for measuring the pulse of a tested person in emergency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the finger device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitoring method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a portion of the light intensity signal acquired by the photodetector;
FIG. 5 is a graph of second signal values obtained after a Fourier transform;
FIG. 6 is a time domain plot of average modulation depth;
wherein: 1-finger clamping device, 2-infrared light source, 3-photoelectric detector, 4-storage operation device, 5-
Display device, 6-cavity.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an azimuth or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present patent, and specific meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor comprises a finger clamping device 1, wherein one end of the finger clamping device is opened and is internally provided with a cavity 6, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cavity 6 are respectively and oppositely provided with an infrared light source 2 and a photoelectric detector 3, and the finger clamping device 1 is sequentially connected with a storage operation device 4 and a display device 5; the cavity 6 of the finger clamping device 1 is U-shaped, and two rows of photoelectric detectors 3 are arranged on the lower surface of the cavity 6; in order to improve the accuracy of measurement, the width of the photoelectric detector 3 in the transverse arrangement is smaller than the width of a human finger, and the photoelectric detector 3 mainly measures the finger belly of the finger, so that relevant parameters such as pulse and the like are easy to measure, and the influence on the accuracy of final measurement after the photoelectric detector 3 receives partial inaccurate signals to make the average evaluation is avoided because the photoelectric detector 3 is larger than the area of the finger;
in addition, the infrared light sources 2 and the photodetectors 3 are in one-to-one correspondence and are flush, so that the problem that the accuracy of data is affected due to the fact that the measuring result is not universal due to the fact that part of signals received when the infrared light sources 2 and the photodetectors 3 are not in one-to-one correspondence are lost can be avoided.
The finger clamping device 1 is used for clamping the finger belly part of a tested person, and the photoelectric detector 3 protrudes out of the surface of the cavity 6 of the finger clamping device 1; the infrared light source 2 is used for irradiating the finger of the tested person and transmitting an original light intensity signal; the photoelectric detector 3 is used for receiving an original light intensity signal sent by the infrared light source 2, converting the light signal into an electric signal so as to acquire data in a pixel range and transmitting the electric signal to the storage operation device 4; a storage operation device 4 for storing and processing the original light intensity signal; and a display device 5 for displaying the pulse data and the red blood cell concentration data processed by the storage computing device 4.
When the device is used for monitoring pulse and red blood cell concentration, a tested person stretches a finger into the U-shaped cavity 6 of the finger clamping device 1, the finger belly is clung to one side of the photoelectric detector 3 in the cavity 6, as shown in fig. 4, an original light intensity signal transmitted after the back of the finger of the tested person is irradiated by the infrared light source 2 is collected by the photoelectric detector 3, the signal is preprocessed through noise processing and Fourier transformation, the red blood cell concentration is obtained through a method based on signal intensity frequency domain modulation in the storage operation device 4, pulse data is obtained through Fourier transformation, and finally the calculated red blood cell concentration and pulse data are displayed through the display device 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitoring method is based on the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor and comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the collection rate of the photoelectric detector 3 to be F >350fps, wherein the collection rate of the photoelectric detector 3 is set based on the following principle: the maximum pulse of a normal person is 210 times per minute, 100 frames of data are acquired within one minute, and the acquisition speed F of the photoelectric detector 3 is greater than the speed of the pulse so as to be capable of acquiring complete, accurate and continuous intensity signals, namely 100/F <60/210, and F >350fps;
s2, collecting and storing intensity signals of light transmitted by a measured part after being irradiated by an infrared light source 2, wherein the intensity signals are raw light intensity signals which are unprocessed and contain heartbeat information, and the collecting of the light intensity signals in S2 is that a measured person puts a finger into a finger clamping device 1, the infrared light source 2 on the inner upper surface of a cavity 6 of the finger clamping device 1 irradiates the measured finger, and a photoelectric detector 3 on the lower surface of the cavity 6 of the finger clamping device 1 receives the raw light intensity signals;
s3, preprocessing the light intensity signal obtained in the step S2, wherein noise is removed, a Fourier transform method is adopted to obtain a signal on a frequency domain, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out on the original light intensity signal in the step S3 to obtain the frequency domain signal spectrum intensity I j (u): taking m pieces of data for FFT every time, and carrying out FFT on 10 pieces of data at intervals between every two adjacent signal values, namely carrying out FFT on the (1+10 (j-1)) piece of data to the (m+10 (j-1)) piece of data to obtain the j-th signal value, for example, carrying out FFT on the 1 st piece of data to the m-th piece of data to obtain a corresponding first signal value, and carrying out FFT on the 11 th piece of data to the m+10-th piece of data to obtain a second signal value, as shown in figure 5. Frequency domain signal spectral intensity I j (u) can be represented by the following relation:
where j is the signal value ordering, t is time, u is frequency,represents the j-th frequency domain dynamic signal,/and/or>Representing a jth frequency domain static signal;
s4, preprocessing the S3The obtained signal adopts a frequency domain modulation method based on signal intensity to calculate the modulation depth, the calculated modulation depth is real-time modulation depth, and the frequency domain modulation method based on the intensity signal in S4 is as follows: taking the spectrum intensity I of each signal value obtained in S3 j (u) extracting the frequency of the static frequency domain and the frequency of the dynamic frequency domain within a certain range respectively and obtaining the intensity, and then obtaining the modulation depth by comparing the extracted dynamic frequency intensity with the static frequency intensity, wherein the modulation depth is in a proportional relation with the concentration of the red blood cells, so as to obtain the concentration of the red blood cells, but is not influenced by the blood flow velocity;
s5, providing n photodetectors 3, averaging n modulation depths obtained in S4, as shown in FIG. 6, simultaneously representing time and average modulation depths by coordinates, and under the condition of the n photodetectors, all signal value sequences and time have a one-to-one correspondence, averaging the modulation depths obtained in S4, thereby obtaining real-time red blood cell concentration, wherein the calculated average modulation depth is real-time, and the average modulation depth MD j The formula of (c) can be expressed as:
the obtained average modulation depth value is the average modulation depth value in the time domain, for MD j An FFT is performed so that the data is processed,
FFT(MD j )＝A(δ(f+f 0 )+δ(f-f 0 ))
the pulse frequency f of the tested person is obtained by reading peaks, wherein A is the amplitude of the frequency spectrum signal, f 0 The frequency corresponding to the peak value;
s6, performing fast Fourier transform on the average modulation depth obtained in the S5 to obtain a frequency domain diagram, reading a peak to obtain pulse data, and displaying the pulse data and the concentration of the red blood cells by a display device.
What has been described above is merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The monitoring method of the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor is characterized in that the pulse and red blood cell concentration monitor comprises a finger clamping device, one end of the finger clamping device is opened and is internally provided with a cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cavity are respectively provided with an infrared light source and a photoelectric detector relatively, and the finger clamping device is sequentially connected with a storage operation device and a display device; the finger clamping device is used for clamping the finger belly part of the tested person;
the infrared light source is used for irradiating the finger belly part of the tested person and transmitting an original light intensity signal;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving an original light intensity signal, converting the light signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the storage operation device;
the storage operation device is used for storing the electric signals and processing the electric signals so as to obtain pulse data and red blood cell concentration;
the display device is used for displaying the pulse data and the red blood cell concentration obtained after the processing of the storage operation device;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the acquisition speed F of the photoelectric detector to be F>350fps; the setting of the acquisition speed F of the photoelectric detector is based on the following principle that the maximum pulse of a normal person is acquired for 100 frames of data within 210 times per minute and within one minute, and the acquisition speed F of the photoelectric detector is larger than the pulse speed:obtaining F>350fps；
S2, collecting an original light intensity signal transmitted by the finger belly part of the tested person after being irradiated by an infrared light source, wherein the original light intensity signal is an unprocessed original light intensity signal containing heartbeat information; the method comprises the steps that an original light intensity signal is collected, namely a finger is placed into a finger clamping device by a tested person, an infrared light source on the upper surface of the finger clamping device irradiates the finger belly part of the tested person, and a photoelectric detector on the lower surface of the finger clamping device receives the original light intensity signal;
s3, preprocessing the original light intensity signal obtained in the step S2, wherein the preprocessing comprises removing noise and obtaining a frequency domain signal by adopting a fast Fourier transform method; performing fast Fourier transform on the original light intensity signal after noise removal to obtain a frequency domain signal, wherein the frequency domain signal is the spectrum intensity I j (u) performing fast fourier transform on m frame data each time, wherein every two adjacent signal values are separated by 10 frame data, namely performing fast fourier transform on (1+10 (j-1)) frame data to (m+10 (j-1)) frame data to obtain a j signal value, and the j signal value is represented by the following relational expression:
where j is the signal value ordering, t is time, u is frequency,represents the j-th frequency domain dynamic signal,/and/or>Representing a jth frequency domain static signal;
s4, calculating the modulation depth of the signal obtained through pretreatment in the step S3 based on a signal intensity frequency domain modulation method, wherein the calculated modulation depth is real-time modulation depth; the signal intensity frequency domain modulation method comprises the following steps:
taking the spectrum intensity I of each signal value obtained in the step S3 j (u) extracting the static frequency of the static frequency domain and the dynamic frequency of the dynamic frequency domain within a certain range, respectively, and obtaining the intensity of the static frequency and the intensity of the dynamic frequency, respectively, obtaining the ratio between the intensity of the dynamic frequency and the intensity of the static frequency to obtain the modulation depth, and obtaining the red blood cell according to the proportional relation between the modulation depth and the red blood cell concentrationConcentration;
s5, setting n photoelectric detectors, averaging the n modulation depths obtained in the step S4, obtaining the concentration of red blood cells according to the average modulation depth, wherein the calculated average modulation depth is real-time, and simultaneously, the time and the average modulation depth are represented by coordinates; under the condition of n photoelectric detectors, all signal value sequences have a one-to-one correspondence with time, the modulation depth obtained in the step S4 is averaged, and the average modulation depth MD j The formula of (c) can be expressed as:
s6, performing fast Fourier transform on the average modulation depth obtained in the step S5 to obtain a frequency domain diagram, reading a peak to obtain pulse data, and displaying the pulse data and the concentration of red blood cells by a display device; wherein the obtained average modulation depth is the average modulation depth in the time domain, and MDj is subjected to fast fourier transform (FFT (MDj) =a (δ (f+f) 0 )+δ(f-f 0 ))；
Then the pulse frequency f of the tested person is obtained by reading the peak, wherein A is the amplitude of the frequency spectrum signal, f 0 The frequency corresponding to the peak value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the finger-clipping device is U-shaped, one or more rows of the photodetectors are arranged on the lower surface of the cavity, and the width of the photodetectors along the transverse direction is smaller than the width of the human finger.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the infrared light sources are flush with the photodetectors in a one-to-one correspondence.
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| CN107582040B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2023-08-08 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Method and device for monitoring heart rhythm |
| CN108175399B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-09-19 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Full-field optical blood flow velocity analysis equipment and implementation method thereof |
| CN113633293B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-09-16 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Heart-derived sudden death early warning method for chaotically detecting T-wave electricity alternation |
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